Kupanga Zisankho M'mabungwe Amalonda
Kupanga zisankho ndiko maziko a ntchito za bungwe lililonse la bizinesi. Tsiku lililonse, oyang'anira ndi antchito m'magawo osiyanasiyana amakumana ndi zisankho: kusankha njira zotsatsira malonda, kukhazikitsa mitengo, kulemba antchito, kusankha ogulitsa, komanso kusankha ndalama zogulira ukadaulo. Ubwino wa zisankhozi umatsimikizira kwambiri komwe kampaniyo ikupita—kaya ikukula, ipulumuke, kapena itsale. Chifukwa chake, kupanga zisankho si nkhani yosankha yokha, koma ndi njira yoyang'anira yomwe imafuna deta, kuganizira, ndi udindo.
Tanthauzo ndi udindo wa kupanga zisankho
Mu bungwe, kupanga zisankho ndi njira yosankha njira yabwino kwambiri pakati pa njira zingapo kuti mukwaniritse cholinga china chake. Zisankho zabwino ziyenera kugwirizana ndi masomphenya ndi cholinga cha kampani, kuganizira zinthu zomwe zilipo, ndikuganizira zoopsa zomwe zingachitike. Zisankho zimakhudzanso mgwirizano pakati pa madipatimenti: zisankho zopanga zimakhudza zinthu zomwe zili m'sitolo, kugawa, ndalama, ndi kukwezedwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chisankho chimodzi chingayambitse zotsatira zoyipa pa ntchito zina za bizinesi.
Udindo wa kupanga zisankho umaonekera m'magawo atatu: kukonzekera (kusankha zolinga ndi momwe mungakwaniritsire), kukonza (kugawa ntchito ndi maudindo), ndi kuwongolera (kuyeza magwiridwe antchito ndi kukonza). Popanda zisankho zabwino, ngakhale mapulani abwino kwambiri angalepheretsedwe.
Mitundu ya zisankho m'mabungwe a bizinesi
Zisankho mu bizinesi zitha kugawidwa kutengera mulingo wawo:
1. Zisankho zanzeru
Zisankho zanzeru ndi zachibadwa nthawi yayitali ndipo zimakhala ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu, monga kufalikira m'misika yatsopano, kuphatikizana ndi kugula, kapena kupanga mitundu yatsopano yazinthu. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika ndi oyang'anira akuluakulu ndipo zimafuna kusanthula mozama chifukwa zotsatira zake zimakhala zazikulu ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kuzisintha.
2. Zisankho zanzeru (zoyang'anira)
Zisankho zanzeru zimalumikiza njira ndi ntchito, monga kutsimikiza bajeti ya madipatimenti, kusankha njira zotsatsira malonda, kapena kukhazikitsa zolinga zogulitsira pa dera lililonse. Zisankhozi nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi oyang'anira apakati ndipo zimayang'ana kwambiri kukwaniritsa zolinga zapakati.
3. Zisankho zogwirira ntchito
Zisankho zogwirira ntchito ndi zachizolowezi komanso m'masiku ochepa patsogolo, monga kukonza nthawi yogwirira ntchito, kukonza zotumiza zinthu, kapena kuthana ndi madandaulo a makasitomala. Izi zimachitika ndi oyang'anira kapena ogwira ntchito kutsogolo ndipo zimafuna liwiro ndi kusinthasintha.
Kuphatikiza apo, zisankho zitha kugawidwa m'magulu monga zokonzedwa (zachizolowezi, zachitsanzo, ndi zokhazikika) ndi zosakonzedwa (zatsopano, zovuta, komanso zofuna luso). Malo ogwirira ntchito akasinthasintha, zisankho zosakonzedwanso zimabuka, mwachitsanzo, panthawi yosintha msika, mavuto a mbiri, kapena kusokonekera kwa unyolo wogulitsa.
Njira yopangira zisankho mwadongosolo
Kuti mabungwe atsimikizire kuti zisankho zawo ndi zolondola komanso zodalirika, ayenera kutsatira njira yokonzedwa bwino. Nthawi zambiri, magawo ake ndi awa:
1. Dziwani vuto kapena mwayi
Gawo loyamba ndikumvetsetsa zomwe zikuchitikadi. Nthawi zina mabungwe amalakwitsa pongoyang'ana zizindikiro zokha, osati chifukwa chenicheni. Mwachitsanzo, kuchepa kwa malonda kungachitike chifukwa cha khalidwe la malonda, kusintha kwa zomwe makasitomala amakonda, kapena njira zomwe opikisana nawo amatsatira.
2. Sonkhanitsani zambiri ndi deta
Deta yamkati (malonda, ndalama, zokolola) ndi deta yakunja (zomwe zikuchitika pamsika, malamulo, machitidwe a ogula) ziyenera kusonkhanitsidwa. inali digitoDeta ingapezeke kuchokera ku machitidwe a ERP/CRM, kafukufuku wa msika, ndi kusanthula kwa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti.
3. Pangani njira zina zothetsera mavuto
Mabungwe sayenera kukhazikika pa njira imodzi yokha. Kupanga zochitika zingapo kumathandiza kukulitsa malingaliro, monga "kukweza mitengo," "kuwonjezera zinthu," kapena "kupanga phukusi lophatikizana."
4. Kuwunika njira zina
Njira iliyonse imayesedwa kutengera njira zinazake: mtengo, ubwino, zoopsa, nthawi, momwe makasitomala amakhudzira, komanso momwe zinthu zilili pa njira. Njira monga kusanthula SWOT, kusanthula mtengo ndi phindu, kapena matrix a zisankho nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
5. Sankhani njira ina yabwino kwambiri
Chisankho chomaliza chimatsimikiziridwa kudzera mu kulingalira mwanzeru komanso chidziwitso. Mwachizolowezi, zisankho nthawi zina sizimakhala zangwiro; chofunika kwambiri ndikusankha njira yoyenera kwambiri kutengera zomwe zilipo.
6. Kukhazikitsa zisankho
Zisankho zambiri sizimatheka chifukwa lingaliro ndi loipa, koma chifukwa chakuti kukhazikitsa kwake kuli kofooka. Kukhazikitsa kumafuna kulankhulana, kugawa ntchito, kupereka zinthu, ndi nthawi yeniyeni.
7. Kuwunika zotsatira ndi ndemanga
Pambuyo pokhazikitsa, zisankho ziyenera kuyesedwa. Kodi zizindikiro za magwiridwe antchito zinakwaniritsidwa? Kodi mavuto omwe analipo m'munda anali otani? Kuwunika ndikofunikira kuti bungwe lipitirire patsogolo ndipo kumapereka maphunziro.
Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza zisankho zamabizinesi
Kupanga zisankho kumakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zamkati ndi zakunja. Zinthu zamkati zimaphatikizapo chikhalidwe cha bungwe, kapangidwe ka maudindo, luso la anthu ogwira ntchito, momwe ndalama zilili, ndi machitidwe odziwitsa. Mwachitsanzo, chikhalidwe chomwe chimatsutsidwa chimapanga zisankho zolondola chifukwa malingaliro amafufuzidwa kuchokera mbali zosiyanasiyana.
Zinthu zakunja zikuphatikizapo mpikisano wa makampani, kusintha kwa ukadaulo, momwe chuma chilili, malamulo aboma, ndi zomwe ogula amakonda. Kusatsimikizika kwa chilengedwe kumafuna kuphatikiza kusanthula deta ndi kusinthasintha.
Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zamaganizo nazonso zimakhudza. Kusaganizira bwino monga kudzidalira mopitirira muyeso, kusaganizira bwino (kufunafuna deta yomwe ikugwirizana ndi maganizo anu), komanso kulakwitsa kwa ndalama zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito kale (kukhala mumsampha wa ndalama zomwe zagwiritsidwa kale ntchito) kungachepetse ubwino wa zisankho. Chifukwa chake, mabungwe ayenera kukhazikitsa njira zokambirana ndi kuyesa malingaliro kuti achepetse kusaganizira bwino.
Njira ndi kalembedwe kopangira zisankho
M'mabungwe, njira zopangira zisankho zingakhale:
– Zovomerezeka: zisankho zimapangidwa mwachangu ndi oyang'anira; zoyenera panthawi yamavuto kapena nthawi yochepa, koma zoopsa zake zimachepetsa kutenga nawo mbali kwa ogwira ntchito.
– Kupereka upangiri: mtsogoleri amapempha maganizo kuchokera ku gulu asanapange chisankho; nthawi zambiri zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zisankho zabwino.
– Kutenga nawo mbali/kugwirizana: zisankho zimapangidwa pamodzi; zimawonjezera kudzipereka, koma zimatenga nthawi yayitali.
– Kupatsa ena ntchito: zisankho zimaperekedwa kwa magulu enaake kapena anthu pawokha; zimagwira ntchito ngati gululo lili ndi luso komanso lili ndi malire omveka bwino a ulamuliro.
Kusankha kalembedwe kumadalira momwe zinthu zilili, kufunikira kwake, zovuta zake, komanso kuchuluka kwa chiopsezo cha chisankhocho.
Ukadaulo ndi deta popanga zisankho zamakono
Kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo kukusintha momwe mabizinesi amapangira zisankho. Machitidwe a Business Intelligence (BI), kusanthula kwa zinthu zomwe zanenedweratu, ndi luntha lochita kupanga zimathandiza makampani kusintha deta kukhala chidziwitso. Mwachitsanzo, ogulitsa amatha kulosera zinthu zomwe zimagulitsidwa kwambiri kutengera nyengo ndi khalidwe la makasitomala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisankho zodziwika bwino za zinthu zomwe zili m'sitolo zichitike.
Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo kuyenera kutsagana ndi kutsimikizira ndi kuganizira za makhalidwe abwino. Zisankho zochokera ku algorithm zitha kukhala zokondera ngati deta yophunzitsira ili yokondera. Chifukwa chake, makampani ayenera kuwonetsetsa kuti deta ndi yabwino, kuwonekera bwino kwa njira, komanso kuyang'aniridwa ndi anthu pazisankho zofunika.
Mapeto
Kupanga zisankho m'mabungwe amalonda ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yomwe imatsimikiza kupambana kwa kampani. Zisankho zogwira mtima zimachokera pakumvetsetsa bwino vutoli, kugwiritsa ntchito deta yoyenera, kusanthula bwino njira zina, ndi kukhazikitsa mwanzeru. Mabungwe ayeneranso kudziwa zinthu zachilengedwe ndi tsankho la anthu zomwe zingasokoneze kukhulupirika. Ndi njira zoyendetsera bwino, chikhalidwe chogwirizana, ndi chithandizo choyenera chaukadaulo, makampani amatha kusintha khalidwe la zisankho, kuchepetsa chiopsezo, ndikulimbitsa mpikisano pakati pa kusintha kwa msika mwachangu.
