Te Hanga Pouaka Whakaata me te Hangarau Ārai-Whā
He tino tere te whanaketanga o te hangarau mata pouaka whakaata i ngā tekau tau rua kua pahure ake nei. Ahakoa i mua ko ngā pouaka whakaata he rite ki ngā ngongo CRT nui, taumaha hoki, ināianei kua riro i te mākete ngā panera papatahi pērā i te LCD, te LED, te QLED, me te OLED. Heoi, i muri i tēnei ahunga whakamua, kei te mau tonu te wero tawhito, inā koa ki ngā panera hou, teitei te rerekētanga pērā i te OLED: te tahunga-roto. Ko te tahunga-roto te āhuatanga o te ahua "atarangi" e noho tonu ana i runga i te mata i muri i te whakaaturanga roa o tētahi wāhanga tirohanga tūmau, pērā i te tohu o te teihana pouaka whakaata, te HUD kēmu, te pae tahua tono rānei. Nō reira, ko te hanga o ngā pouaka whakaata hou—ina koa ko ērā e whakamahi ana i ngā panera OLED—kei te aro nui inaianei ki te hangarau ārai-tahunga-roto hei āhuatanga whakahau hei whakanui ake i te roa me te whakamarie o te kaiwhakamahi.
Te Mārama ki te Tahu me ōna Take
Hei mārama ki te hangarau ārai-wera, me mārama tātou ki te pūtake o te raruraru. I runga i te papa OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode), ka tukuna e ia pika tōna ake māramatanga. He mea tito ēnei pika i ngā subpixel whero, kakariki, me te kikorangi, he rerekē ngā āhuatanga tawhito o ia pika. Ina whakaatu pinepinetia he ahua kanapa, he ahua pūmau rānei i tētahi wāhi o te mata, ka kaha ake te mahi a ngā subpixel i taua wāhi, ka tere ake te tawhito. Nō reira, ka puta he rerekētanga o ngā taumata kanapa i waenga i ngā wāhi o te mata—ā, ka "aroturuki" te ahua o tētahi ahua pumau.
Kāore i rite ki te "wera-ā-roto", kei reira anō te kupu "pupuri whakaahua", he mea rangitahi. I te nuinga o te wā ka ngaro te pupuri i muri i te wā poto, i muri rānei i te whakaaturanga o te mata i ngā ihirangi e neke ana. Ko te wera-ā-roto he mea pumau ake nā te mea e pā ana ki te pakaru me te haehae o te rauemi e tuku ana i te mārama.
Ko te tikanga, he ātete ake ngā LCD/LED ki te mura-ā-roto, ahakoa ehara i te mea kāore e taea te wheako. Heoi, nā te mea he pai te OLED ki te rerekētanga me te mangu hohonu, he tino rongonui tēnei hangarau, ā, kua noho ko te ārai i te mura-ā-roto hei wāhanga nui o te tukanga hanga pouaka whakaata.
Ngā Wāhanga Hanga Pouaka Whakaata: Mai i te Paewhiri ki ngā Āhuatanga Ārai-Whā
Ehara i te mea ko te hanga i tētahi pouaka whakaata hou anake te mea e pā ana ki te huihui i ngā panera me te huihui i ngā anga. Me hoahoa e ngā kaihanga he pūnaha taputapu me te pūmanawa e mahi tahi ana. Mō te hangarau ārai-wera, e whā ngā pou o te huarahi: te whiriwhiri rauemi panera, te whakahaere mana me te kanapa, ngā rauropi tiaki whakaahua, me te whakatikatika me te whakamātautau wheketere.
1) Te Kōwhiringa o ngā Papa me ngā Rauemi e Pakari Ana
Ko te taahiraa tuatahi ko te whakatau i te momo panera e ai ki te wāhanga hua: OLED, QD-OLED, OLED rānei me te hangarau motuhake pēnei i te MLA (Micro Lens Array) i roto i ētahi tauira utu nui. Kei te whakawhanake tonu ngā kaihanga panera i ngā rauemi rauropi pumau me te whai hua hei ārai i te tere o te hekenga o te mahi subpixel. He mea nui te whakanui ake i te whai huatanga: ko te pai ake o te whakaputa māramatanga o ngā pika, ko te iti ake o te iahiko e hiahiatia ana hei whakatutuki i tētahi taumata kanapa kua whakaritea, ā, ka whakaitihia te tere tawhito.
I tēnei wā, ka whakaarohia hoki e ngā kaihanga te hoahoa o ngā pika iti me ngā kaupapa taraiwa hei whakaiti i te taumaha i ētahi wāhi. Mā ngā hoahoa pai ake o ngā panera ka taea te waihanga i tētahi tohatoha taurite ake o te kawenga pika iti.
2) Te Hoahoa o te Ara Puku me te Whakahaere Wera
Ehara i te mea ko te roa o te mātakitaki i ngā ihirangi pūmau anake te pānga o te wera-roto, engari ko te pāmahana anō hoki. Ka wera ake te panera, ka tere ake te pirau o ngā rauemi rauropi. Nō reira, ko te hoahoa i tētahi pouaka whakaata ātete-wera-roto me aro nui ki te whakahaere wera: te whiriwhiri i te whakamahana wera, te hoahoa pereti tuara, te tahora wāhanga, me te whakahaere hiko.
Kua hangaia hoki te IC taraiwa pika hei whakahaere tika i te iahiko. Mā te whakahaere tika, ka taea e te pouaka whakaata te whakaiti i te kanapa ā-rohe, whānui rānei i raro i ngā āhuatanga mōrearea nui, me te kore e tino whakararu i te kounga o te pikitia.
3) Pūmanawa Ārai-Whā-roto
Koinei te wāhanga e "kitea" ana e ngā kaiwhakamahi i te nuinga o te wā, ahakoa e mahi puku ana. I ngā pouaka whakaata o ēnei rā, ko te ārai-wera i te nuinga o te wā kāore e whakawhirinaki ki tētahi tikanga kotahi, engari ki te whakakotahitanga o ēnei tikanga e whai ake nei:
a. Te Nekehanga Pika
Ka neke mārire ngā pouaka whakaata i te tūranga o te ahua mā te torutoru pika i ngā wā kua whakaritea. Mā tēnei ka kore ngā huānga tūmau (ngā tohu, ngā tuhinga, me te atanga kaiwhakamahi) e "pā" ki ngā pika kotahi i ngā wā katoa. Kāore e kitea tēnei nekehanga e te kaimātakitaki, engari ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te kakahu ā-rohe.
b. Te Kimi Tohu me te Whakaiti i te Huānga Pūmau
Ka kitea e te pouaka whakaata ngā wāhi e pāngia ana e te pao, pērā i ngā tohu pāhohoho, i ngā huānga atanga rānei. Ina kitea, ka whakaitihia mārire e te pūnaha te kanapa o aua wāhi. Ka āwhina tēnei tikanga ki te whakaiti i te kaha o te subpixel i ngā wāhi ngoikore me te kore e tino whakarerekē i te ahua whānui.
c. ABL (Whakawhāiti Kanapa Aunoa)
Ka whakawhāitihia e te ABL te kanapa teitei ina whakaatuhia e te mata ngā wāhi kanapa nui. I runga i ngā OLED, ka nui te hiko e hiahiatia ana hei tahuri i te mata katoa i te kanapa teitei, ā, ka whakanuia te wera. Mā te ABL, ka pupuri te pouaka whakaata i ngā āhuatanga mahi haumaru, ā, ka whakaroa i te tawhito o te panera. Ahakoa e kite ana ētahi kaiwhakamahi ka whakaitihia e te ABL te "pahūtanga" o te kanapa i roto i ētahi whakaaturanga, he mea nui tēnei āhuatanga ki te roa o te ora.
d. ASBL/TPC (Whakawhāiti Kanapa Ā-Aunoa / Mana Tihi Wā)
Ina kitea e te pouaka whakaata tētahi ahua tino pūmau mō tētahi wā, ka taea e te pūnaha te whakaiti i te kanapa ā-ao hei whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te weranga. I ētahi tauira, ka ahua kaha tēnei āhuatanga, hei tauira i te wā e mātaki ana i ngā ihirangi he maha ngā tirohanga pōuri me te iti o te nekehanga. Nō reira, ka whakatakotohia e ngā kaihanga te paepae kitenga hei whakataurite i te tiakitanga me te whakamarie.
e. Tiaki Mata me te Tūtatari Aunoa
Mō ngā pūnaha whakahaere pouaka whakaata (Android TV/Google TV, Tizen, webOS, me ētahi atu), ka āwhina te tiaki mata ina waiho e ngā kaiwhakamahi te pouaka whakaata i roto i te tahua taupānga mō te wā roa rawa. Ka ārai hoki te tūtatari aunoa i te mata kia noho tonu mō ngā hāora me te kore e mōhio.
4) Te Whakahoutanga Pika me te Whakatikatika Taurite
Ko tētahi o ngā hangarau tino nui mō te ārai-wera ko te whakahou pika, arā, te utu. Ko te ariā ko te pānui me te whakarerekē a te pouaka whakaata kia ōrite ai ngā taumata kanapa o ngā pika e tīmata ana te tawhito. E rua ngā momo:
– He utunga poto e rere aunoa ana i muri i te whakamahinga o te pouaka whakaata mō ētahi haora, kātahi ka whakawetohia.
– Te utu whakahou roa/hōhonu ka taea te whakahaere i muri i te whakamahinga katoa, i runga rānei i te whakahau a te kaiwhakamahi.
I te wā o te tukanga hanga, me whakarite e ngā kaihanga ngā ripanga pūmanawa me ngā ripanga utu (ngā ripanga rapu) e ōrite ana ki ngā āhuatanga o te panera. Hei tāpiri, ka tirohia e te wāhanga whakatikatika wheketere te ōritetanga hei ārai i ngā rerekētanga iti i waenga i ngā wāhi kei whanake hei raruraru tirohanga nui i roto i te wā.
Whakamātautau Pūmau: Te Whakamātautau Ihirangi Tūmau me te Whakamātautau Taumahatanga
Ko ngā pouaka whakaata e kī ana he ātete ki te wera, kāore e whakawhirinaki noa ki ngā āhuatanga o runga ake nei; me whakamātautau. Ko te tikanga, ka mahia e ngā kaihanga ēnei e whai ake nei:
1. Whakamātautau ahotea i ngā ihirangi tūmau: te tohu, te tohu pūrongo, te atanga kaiwhakamahi kēmu, me ngā tauira tae.
2. Huringa kanapa teitei: HDR me ngā wāhi kanapa nui hei whakamātautau i te ABL me te pāmahana.
3. Whakamātautau taiao: ngā pāmahana rūma rerekē, te haumākū, me te roa o te mahi.
4. Whakamana i te raupaparorohiko: te whakarite kia kore e kitea he mea nui i roto i te kiriata e te kitenga o te tohu, me te whakarite kia kore e whakararuraru i te wheako mātakitaki i te whakaiti i te kanapa.
Ka whakamahia ngā raraunga mai i ēnei whakamātautau hei whakatikatika i te pūmanawa, hei whakapai ake i te pihi kanapa, me te whakatau i ngā tautuhinga taunoa e haumaru ana mō te nuinga o ngā kaiwhakamahi.
Whakaurunga Hua: Te Whakataurite i te Kounga Whakaahua me te Tiakitanga
Ko te wero nui rawa atu i te waihanga i tētahi pouaka whakaata ātete-wera ko te whakataurite i ngā mea e rua: te kounga o te pikitia me te roa o te ora o te panera. Mēnā he kaha rawa te parenga, ka ahua pōuri, ka hē rānei te ahua o te pikitia. Mēnā he ngoikore rawa te parenga, ka piki ake te tūponotanga o te wera. Koinei te take he rerekē te "reka" o ia waitohu: ko ētahi e whakatairanga ana i te kanapa, e whakawhirinaki ana ki te utu mohio, ko ētahi he āta whakaaro ki te whakawhāiti i te kanapa o ngā huānga tūmau.
Hei tāpiri atu ki tēnā, ka pāngia hoki te atanga kaiwhakamahi (UI). He maha ngā kaihanga e hoahoa ana i ngā UI me ngā huānga āhua-mārama, ngā pakiwaituhi neke, me ngā aratau pōuri hei whakaiti i te kawenga pika i ētahi wāhi.
Ngā Taunakitanga Whaihua hei Tautoko i te Ārai i te Tahu-ā-roto
Ahakoa kei ngā pouaka whakaata ngā hangarau ārai-wera, he mea nui tonu ngā tikanga whakamahi tika. Ko ētahi mahi māmā e taunakihia ana (me te kore e whakaiti i te whakamarie nui):
– Kaua e whakaatu i ngā tahua tūmau mō ngā hāora, pērā i ngā ataata kua whakamutua, i te mata kēmu rānei.
– Whakahohehia ngā āhuatanga tiaki mata me te tiaki mata kua whakauruhia.
– Whakamahia he taumata kanapa e tika ana mō te whakamahinga o ia rā; tiakina te aratau tino kanapa mō ngā āhuatanga motuhake.
– Tukua te whakahou pika kia rere aunoa ina tono/whakahaere te pouaka whakaata i muri i te whakawetonga.
Te Katinga
Ko te hanganga o ngā pouaka whakaata me te hangarau ātete-wera ko te hua o te whakakotahitanga o ngā whanaketanga o ngā rauemi panera, te hoahoa ara iahiko me te wera, ngā rauropi tukatuka whakaahua, me te whakatikatika me te whakamātautau wheketere pakari. I tēnei wā o ngā pouaka whakaata atamai me te maha o ngā ihirangi tūmau—ngā tohu pāho, ngā atanga roma, tae atu ki ngā HUD kēmu—kāore ngā āhuatanga ātete-wera he mea tāpiri noa iho, engari he wāhanga nui mō te pupuri i te kounga pikitia pai mō te wā roa. Mā te whakakotahitanga tika o te tiaki taputapu me te pūmanawa, ka taea e ngā pouaka whakaata hou te whakarato i te hiranga tirohanga pērā i te rerekētanga teitei me te tae whai kiko me te kore e whakaiti i te roa o te panera.
