Te whakataurite i te 4G me te 5G
Kei te tere haere te whanaketanga o te hangarau pūkoro. Whai muri i te whakawāteatanga o te 3G i te ara mō te ipurangi pūkoro watea ake, ka kawea mai e te 4G te rerema, te pāpāho pāpori, me ngā ratonga taupānga ki te oranga o ia rā. Ināianei, kei te whakatinanahia te 5G i roto i ngā whenua maha, tae atu ki Initonīhia, me te oati ka nui ake ngā tere, ka iti ake te whakaroa, ka nui ake te kaha whatunga. Engari he aha tonu ngā rerekētanga i waenga i te 4G me te 5G? He pai ake te 5G mō ngā hiahia katoa? Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga he whakataurite whānui o te 4G me te 5G, mai i te tirohanga hangarau, ki ngā painga, ngā wero, me ō rātou pānga ki ngā kaiwhakamahi.
1. Te Mārama ki te 4G me te 5G
Ko te 4G (Whanaketanga Tuawhā) te whakatupuranga tuawhā o ngā whatunga pūkoro i hangaia hei whakarato hononga raraunga tere-teitei mā te whakamahi i ngā hangarau pēnei i te LTE (Whanaketanga Roa). Ko te 4G te paerewa matua mō te ipurangi pūkoro mō ngā tau tekau neke atu, e āhei ai ngā mahi pēnei i te waea ataata, te roma HD, te petipeti ipurangi, me te whakamahi i ngā taupānga kapua me te pumau.
Ko te 5G (Te Whakatipuranga Tuarima) te whakatupuranga tuarima o ngā whatunga pūkoro i whakawhanakehia hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia hononga o nāianei me ngā hiahia o muri mai, tae atu ki te Ipurangi o ngā Mea (IoT), ngā waka motuhake, ngā wheketere atamai, te rongoā tawhiti, me ngā whakawhitiwhitinga tino pono. Ehara te 5G i te "4G tere ake," engari he hoahoa whatunga ngāwari ake, whai hua ake hoki .
2. Te Tere o te Ipurangi: He aha te Rerekētanga?
Ko tētahi o ngā rerekētanga tino kitea ko te tere.
– Ko te tere tango a te 4G i waenga i ngā tekau ki ngā rau Mbps, i runga i te kounga o te tohu, te kiato o te kaiwhakamahi, me te tautoko whatunga a te kaiwhakahaere. I raro i ngā āhuatanga pai, ka taea e te LTE Advanced te teitei ake, engari i roto i te mahi, ka rerekē tonu ēnei.
– E ai ki te ariā, ka taea e te 5G te eke ki ngā tere tae atu ki ētahi Gbps. I te ao tūturu, ka tukuna e te 5G ngā tere o ngā rau Mbps ki te neke atu i te 1 Gbps i ngā wāhi he pai te kapinga me te whānuitanga e tika ana.
Mō ngā kaiwhakamahi, ko te tikanga o tēnei rerekētanga he poto ake te wā tango mō ngā kōnae nunui, he maeneene ake te rere ataata 4K, ā, he tere ake te tuku ihirangi (pēnei i ngā ataata). Heoi, ko ngā tere teitei o te 5G e whakawhirinaki ana ki te hanganga, te momo auau, me te kapinga whatunga.
3. Whakaroa: Te Kī ki te Urupare Tere
Ko te whakaroa ko te whakaroa i waenga i te tuku tono a te pūrere me te whakautu mai a te whatunga. He mea nui tēnei mō ngā mahi e hiahia ana kia whakautua wawetia.
– Ko te roanga o te whakaroa o te 4G he 30–50 ms te roa (tērā pea ka teitei ake i ngā wā pukumahi, i ngā wā ngoikore rānei te tohu).
– Ko te whāinga o te 5G kia iti rawa te whakaroa, tae atu ki te 1–10 ms i roto i ētahi whirihoranga.
He mea nui tēnei rerekētanga mō ngā kēmu whakataetae, ngā waeatanga ataata taiao ake, ngā ratonga AR/VR, me ngā tono ahumahi pēnei i te mana mīhini mamao. Mō te tirotiro me te pāpāho pāpori, kāore pea e kitea te iti o te whakaroa, engari mō ngā tono wā-tūturu, he mea nui te pānga.
4. Te Pūmanawa me te Pūmautanga i ngā Wāhi Kikī
I ngā kōnohete, i ngā papa tākaro, i ngā hāora pīrahi rānei o te taone nui, ka puhoi te whatunga nā te mea he maha ngā kaiwhakamahi e hono ana ki te pourewa kotahi.
– He rohenga kaha tō te 4G; ina nui te kawenga, ka heke te tere, ā, ka kore e pumau te hononga.
– Kua hangaia te 5G hei whakahaere i ngā taputapu maha i te wā kotahi. Mā ngā hangarau pēnei i te MIMO nui me te pai ake o te whai huatanga o te hihi, ka pai ake te kaha o te 5G ki te whakahaere i te kiato teitei.
Nā tēnei ka ātaahua te 5G mō ngā tāone nui, ngā rohe pakihi, me ngā huihuinga nui. Heoi, me whai hanganga rawaka hoki hei whakanui ake i te kaha.
5. Te Whānuitanga Auau me te Awhe Tohu
Ko te rerekētanga nui i waenga i te 4G me te 5G ko te auautanga e whakamahia ana.
– Ko te nuinga o te wā ka whakahaerehia te 4G i ngā auau iti ki waenga, ā, he whānui ake te kapinga o ēnei, ā, he pai ake te uru atu ki ngā whare.
– Ka taea e te 5G te whakahaere i ngā auau iti, waenga, me te teitei (tae atu ki te mmWave). Ka taea e ngā auau teitei te tuku tere rawa atu, engari he poto ake te whānuitanga, ā, he ngāwari ake te ārai i ngā pakitara, ngā rākau, ngā whare rānei.
Nō reira, he maha ngā wā ka hiahiatia he teihana turanga, he pūtau iti rānei hei whakatinanatanga mō te 5G, inā koa mō ngā whānuitanga whānui-rahi. I tētahi atu taha, ka taea e te 5G i ngā auau iti/waenganui-rahi te toro atu ki tētahi rohe whānui ake, engari kāore ōna tere i te "whakamiharo" pērā i te whakaaro o te marea.
6. Ngā Pūrere me te Hototahi
Hei whakamahi i te 5G, me whai pūrere 5G (he waea atamai, he pouwhanga, he pouara 5G rānei) ngā kaiwhakamahi, me tētahi kāri me tētahi mōkihi e tika ana mai i te kaiwhakahaere.
– E tautokona ana te 4G e te nuinga o ngā waea atamai hou, tae atu ki te maha o ngā taputapu tawhito.
– Ko te 5G e wātea ana i ngā waea pūkoro i tukuna i ngā tau tata nei, inā koa ko ngā waea waenga me ngā waea papai, ahakoa kei te piki haere te utu o ngā taputapu e tautoko ana i te 5G.
Ko tētahi atu kōrero nui ko te kaha tonu o ngā waea 5G ki te whakamahi i ngā whatunga 4G ahakoa kāore anō kia wātea te 5G. Nō reira, kāore ngā kaiwhakamahi e "ngaro ana te tohu", engari kei te ngaro noa i a rātou te mahi pai ake o te 5G.
7. Te Whakamahinga Mana me te Whai Hua
Kei te whakaarohia he mea pau te pākahiko i te 5G. Tērā pea koinei te āhua i ngā whakatinanatanga tōmua nā te mea kei te whanake tonu te hangarau, kāore anō kia tino arotauhia, ā, me huri ngā taputapu i waenga i te 4G me te 5G.
Heoi, nā te hoahoa:
– Ko te tikanga o te 5G kia pai ake te whakahaere whatunga, ā, kia iti ake te ohanga i ētahi āhuatanga.
– Ko te pānga ki te pākahiko e whakawhirinaki ana ki te kounga o te tohu 5G, te arotautanga o te modem, me ngā tauira whakamahinga.
Mena he ngoikore te tohu 5G, ā, kei te rapu tonu te taputapu i tētahi whatunga, ka tere ake te pau o te pākahiko. Mā te tohu kaha me te taputapu hou, ka taea te taurite ake te whakapaunga hiko.
8. Pānga ki te Ahumahi me te Ao kei te heke mai
Kua nui atu i te rawaka te 4G mō ngā hiahia whānui o te kaihoko: te rerema ipurangi, te ako ipurangi, ngā hui, te hokohoko ipurangi, me te whakatere. Engari ka whakatuwherahia e te 5G ngā whai wāhitanga whānui ake i roto i ngā rāngai ahumahi me ngā ratonga tūmatanui, tae atu ki:
– Tāone atamai: ngā pūoko waka, te aroturukitanga kounga hau, te whakahaere rama tiriti.
– Te IoT nui: te hono i ngā taputapu maha me te whai hua.
– Rongoā-ā-ringa: ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ataata kounga teitei me te kaha ki ngā tikanga mamao me te iti o te whakaroa.
– Ahumahi 4.0: te aunoatanga o te wheketere, te karetao, me te aroturukitanga wā-tūturu.
– AR/VR: he wheako rumaki e aro nui ake ana.
Ara, ehara i te mea ko te ipurangi tere anake te kaupapa o te 5G, engari ko te tūāpapa mō tētahi pūnaha matihiko matatini haere.
9. Ngā Wero o te Whakatinanatanga o te 5G
Ahakoa he mea whai hua, he maha ngā wero e pā ana ki te 5G:
1. Hanganga: me nui ngā haumitanga mō ngā BTS hou, te whakapūtanga muka, me ngā pūtau iti.
2. Te kapinga: kāore e taea te tohatoha ōrite pērā i te 4G nā te mea me kiato ake te whatunga.
3. Te ture me te whānuitanga o te ira: ka pā te tiritiri me te raihana i te tere o te whakatinanatanga.
4. Te rite o te taputapu: kāore ngā kaiwhakamahi katoa e hiahia ki te whakawhiti tonu i ā rātou waea.
5. Te tino hiahia: mō ētahi kaiwhakamahi, he rawaka te 4G, nō reira kāore anō kia tino kaha te pana heke.
Whakamutunga
Mā te whakataurite i te 4G me te 5G e whakaatu ana he tino pai te tere, te whakaroa, me te kaha whatunga o te 5G, e whakatakoto ana i te ara mō ngā momo tono ā muri ake nei e hiahia ana ki ngā hononga pumau me te urupare tino tere. Heoi, kei te whai tikanga tonu te 4G nā te whānui o tōna kapinga, tōna hanganga pakari, me te kaha ki te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o te nuinga o ngā kaiwhakamahi.
Mō ngā kaiwhakamahi takitahi, ko te whakatau ki te huri ki te 5G ka whakawhirinaki ki te wātea o te whatunga i tō rātou rohe, te momo taputapu, me ngā hiahia mahi matihiko. Mena he maha ngā wā ka tangohia e koe ngā kōnae nui, me hiahia hononga iti-roa mō te petipeti, te mahi tūturu rānei, kei te noho rānei koe i tētahi rohe he pai te kapinga 5G, tera pea he whakapainga kitea te 5G. Heoi, mena kua pumau, kua tere hoki te 4G i tō rohe, ka taea e koe te whakawhirinaki ki a ia i a koe e tatari ana kia horapa haere te kapinga 5G.
