Me pēhea te hanga i tētahi reo irirangi me te tuku ahokore
Ko te reo irirangi tētahi o ngā hangarau whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tino whai mana i roto i te hītori. Ahakoa he tokomaha te hunga e tahuri ana ki te ipurangi, kei te tino ataahua tonu te reo irirangi nā tōna māmā, tōna whai huatanga o te pūngao, me tōna kaha ki te mahi me te kore he whatunga waea pūkoro. Ko te hanga i tētahi reo irirangi me te tuku ahokore he kaupapa mātauranga e whakakotahi ana i ngā hikohiko taketake, ngā ngaru hikohiko, me ngā pūkenga hanga ara iahiko. E whakamārama poto ana tēnei tuhinga i te ariā me ngā mahi mō te hanga i tētahi reo irirangi ahokore, mā te whakamahi i tētahi huarahi haumaru me te whai hua.
1. Kia mārama ki ngā ariā taketake o te reo irirangi ahokore
Ko te pūnaha reo irirangi ahokore he mea hanga ki ngā wāhanga matua e rua: he tuku me te kaiwhiwhi. Ka hurihia e te tuku he tohu oro (pērā i te oro mai i te hopuoro, i te pūtake puoro rānei) hei tohu hiko, kātahi ka hurihia ki runga i te ngaru kawe i tētahi auau motuhake. Ka tukuna tēnei ngaru RF (auau reo irirangi) mā roto i tētahi pūihi.
Kātahi ka hopukina e te kaiwhiwhi te tohu RF mā te whakamahi i tētahi pūihi, ka tīpako i te auau e hiahiatia ana, ka wetewetehia hei tiki i te tohu oro, kātahi ka whakanuia kia rangona mā roto i ngā kaikorero, i ngā taringa rānei.
He maha ngā momo whakarerekētanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana:
– AM (Whakarerekētanga Amplitude): ka haria ngā mōhiohio mā te whakarerekē i te amplitude o te ngaru kawe. He māmā ake te ara iahiko.
– FM (Whakarerekētanga Auau): ka haria ngā mōhiohio e ngā auau e huri haere ana. He ātete ake ki te haruru, ā, he pai ake te kounga oro.
Mō ngā kaupapa tīmatanga, he tokomaha te hunga e ako ana mai i ngā kaiwhiwhi AM māmā (reo irirangi karaihe) me ngā kete kaiwhiwhi FM. Heoi, ki te mea ko tāu whāinga he "reo irirangi me te tuku ahokore"—arā, he tuku me te kaiwhiwhi—ko te huarahi haumaru me te tino whai hua ko te whakamahi i tētahi waeine reo irirangi kua oti te hanga (hei tauira, he tuku FM iti-mana, ture, he waeine oro ahokore, he waeine tuku raraunga rānei e huri ana i ngā raraunga ki te oro). Mā te waeine kua oti te hanga, ka ako koe i te whakaurunga pūnaha me te kore e "hoahoa RF" mai i te tīmatanga, he tino uaua, ā, he tino whakawhirinaki ki te whakahaere auau.
2. Whakatauhia ngā whāinga kaupapa me ngā rohe ture
I mua i te huihuinga, me whakatau tuatahi i ngā mea e hiahiatia ana:
– Te tawhiti tuku: i roto i te whare 5–20 mita, i waenga rānei i ngā rūma?
– Pūtake oro: hopuoro, waea, kaitākaro puoro rānei?
– Putanga: pane whakarongo, kaikorero hohe rānei?
– Roopu oro/auau: Pāhotanga FM, roopu ISM (hei tauira, 433 MHz/2.4 GHz), he waeine oro motuhake rānei?
He kōrero nui: Kei te whakahaerehia ngā tuku reo irirangi e te kāwanatanga i roto i te maha o ngā whenua. Mena ka tuku koe i runga i te auau pāho tūmatanui (pēnei i te FM 88–108 MHz), tera pea ka herea tō mana tuku, te momo taputapu, me te whakamahinga. Hei haumaru, whakamahia he waeine kua tohua mō te whakamahinga ture, he iti rawa te mana, whakamahia rānei he pūnaha ahokore oro e mahi ana i roto i te roopu kore raihana kua tohua i roto i tō rohe.
3. Ngā kōwhiringa hoahoa kua tūtohutia mō te hunga tīmata
Anei ētahi huarahi rongonui e toru:
A. Te whakamahi i tētahi waeine tuku FM iti me te reo irirangi FM hei kaiwhiwhi
Koinei te huarahi māmā ki te "kite i ngā hua":
1. Ka whiwhi te tuku FM iti i te oro mai i tētahi hononga 3,5mm, i te Nihokikorangi rānei (i runga i te waeine).
2. Ka tukuna e te tuku ngā tohu FM i tētahi auau motuhake.
3. He reo irirangi FM noa iho te kaiwhiwhi (he waeine kaiwhiwhi FM rānei) kātahi ka tukuna te oro ki te kaikorero.
Ngā Painga: ngāwari, iti te utu, tere te whakamātautau.
Ngā huakore: me aro tonu ki ngā ture auau me te pokanoa.
B. Te whakamahi i tētahi waeine oro ahokore 2.4 GHz (huinga TX-RX)
Kotahi te kete o ngā waeine oro ahokore: he tuku (TX) me he kaiwhiwhi (RX). Me whakakaha noa te waeine me te hono i ngā tāuru me ngā putanga oro.
Ngā Painga: kāore he take ki te "whakatika" i te auau pēnei i te FM, he nui ake te mono-ā-ringa.
Ngā Huakore: kāore e whakaako hohonu ana i ngā mātāpono whakarerekētanga reo irirangi nā te mea he maha ngā āhuatanga kua "kei roto i te kōwae".
C. Te hanga i tētahi kaiwhiwhi māmā me tētahi waeine tuku ture mana iti
Ka taea e koe te whakakotahi i te ako: hanga i tāu ake kaiwhiwhi whakakaha oro, hanga he pūihi māmā, me te whakamahi tonu i te waeine RF kia māmā ai.
4. Ngā wāhanga e hiahiatia ana i te nuinga o te wā
Anei te rārangi o ngā wāhanga e whakamahia pinepinetia ana (whakarerekētia kia rite ki te huarahi e whiriwhiria ana e koe):
1. Kōwae tuku (TX): tuku FM iti, kōwae tuku oro 2.4 GHz rānei.
2. Wāhanga kaiwhiwhi (RX): he reo irirangi FM kua oti te hanga, he wāhanga kaiwhiwhi oro rānei kua honoa ki te TX.
3. Pūtake oro: hopuoro hiko + preamp, tāuru rānei mai i te waea pūkoro/MP3.
4. Whakakaha oro: he waeine iti pēnei i te PAM8403/LM386 (mō ngā kaikorero iti).
5. Ngā Kaikōrero: 4–8 ohms, ngā paneoro rānei.
6. Pūnaha hiko: pākahiko Li-ion 3,7V me te waeine rihi, te urutau 5V rānei.
7. Pūihi: taura tika e hiahiatia ana (mō ētahi kōwae), te pūihi rānei kua hangaia ki roto i te kōwae.
8. Taputapu huihuinga: papa parāoa/PCB me ngā kōhao, tūhonohono, taura taupua, mita maha, pouaka kaupapa.
5. Ngā taahiraa huihuinga (tauira o te rere whānui)
Kei raro nei te rerenga huihuinga ka taea e koe te whakarerekē, inā koa mō te huarahi kōwae TX-RX.
Hipanga 1: Whakaritea he pūtake hiko pumau
He maha ngā haruru (ngūngū/haruru) e puta mai ana i te pūtake hiko. Whakamahia:
– Kaiwhakahaere 5V/3.3V e ai ki ngā whakaritenga o te kōwae
– Ārai i te pūnga hiko (hei tauira, 100 nF e tata ana ki te pine VCC o te kōwae) me te pūnga hikohiko 10–100 µF hei whakaiti i te ngaru
Me whakarite kia tika te polarity, inā koa mēnā kei te whakamahi koe i ngā pākahiko Li-ion.
Hipanga 2: Honoa te pūtake oro ki te tuku
Mena kei te whakamahi i te tāuru raina-whakauru:
– Honoa te putanga oro waea ki te tāuru TX o te kōwae (L/R me te GND).
– Whakatakotoria te oro o te waea ki te 50–70% kia kore ai e hē te tangi.
Mena kei te whakamahi koe i tētahi hopuoro hiko:
– Me whai ātete pāhekoheko ngā hopuoro, ā, me whai preamp hoki. Ka taea e koe te whakamahi i tētahi waeine preamp hopuoro iti hei hanga i tētahi oro kaha ake, māhorahora ake hoki.
Hipanga 3: Whakamātauria te tuku (me te kore e whakamahi i te kaikorero i te tuatahi)
Whakakāhia te TX me te RX, kātahi:
– Mō te FM: whakaturia te auau o te tuku reo irirangi ka whakarongo ki te kaiwhiwhi reo irirangi kia rongo ra ano koe i te oro.
– Mō ngā kōwae takirua: kia whakarite kia takirua/hononga RX kia rite ki ngā tohutohu mō te kōwae.
Ki te kore he oro, tirohia:
– Kua honoa tika te whenua ororongo
– Ngaohiko o te kōwae kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga
– Kāore e taea te whakawhiti i ngā taura ororongo
– He tata rawa te tawhiti (ka utaina pea ētahi kōwae mēnā ka tāpirihia)
Hipanga 4: Honoa te kaiwhiwhi ki te whakakaha oro
Ko te putanga RX he rite tonu ki te raina. Honoa ki te tāuru o te whakakaha (hei tauira, PAM8403):
– RX ki waho -> Amp IN
– RX GND -> Amp GND
– Whakakaha Ake -> Kaikōrero
Ki te whakamahi koe i ngā paneoro, kia tino tautokona ngā paneoro e te waeine RX, whakamahia rānei he whakakaha paneoro.
Hipanga 5: Whakapaipaihia te tūnga me te whakaiti i te haruru
Ngā tohutohu whai hua:
– Wehea te ara oro mai i te ara whakawhiti hiko (kaitahuri whakanui) kia kore ai e rangona te whiowhio.
– Whakamahia ngā taura poto ki ngā raina tohu iti.
– Whakatakotoria te pūihi kia matara atu i ngā wāhanga whenua nui me ngā wāhanga whakarewa.
– Ki te whakamahi koe i tētahi pouaka, whakamahia he kirihou kia kore ai e whakapōrearea te tohu.
6. Te mātāpono pūihi māmā (mō te tawhiti pai ake)
Kāore e hiahiatia kia uaua ngā pūihi, engari me tika te awhi mō te roopu oro:
– Mō te pāhotanga FM (tata ki te 100 MHz), ko te roanga ngaru hauwhā he tata ki te 75 cm.
– Mō te 2.4 GHz, he poto ake te pūihi, ā, kua tatauhia kētia i roto i te kōwae.
Ki te kore e āta whakakapia te pūihi, ka kino ake te mahi, ka kore rānei e taurite te mahi a te kōwae. Mena he hononga pūihi (U.FL/SMA) tō te kōwae, whakamahia he pūihi kua tūtohutia.
7. Te whakamātautau, te rapurongoā, me te whakapai ake
Ētahi raruraru noa:
– Te pakaru/te hē o te hiko: he teitei rawa te taumata tāuru, he motumotu te whakakaha, he heke rānei te pūtake hiko.
– Te whiowhio/te haruru: ngoikore te pūtake hiko, he roa te taura, me tātari, me ārai rānei.
– Awhe poto: kāore te pūihi i te tika, he hē te tūnga o te kōwae, he ngoikore te pākahiko.
– Te pokanoa: te whakawhiti hongere/auau, te neke atu i ētahi atu pūtake RF (pouara Wi-Fi, urutau whakawhiti).
Ngā whakapainga ka taea e koe te mahi:
– Tāpirihia he potentiometer hei whakahaere oro i te tāuru whakakaha.
– Waihangahia he preamp hopuoro me tētahi op-amp motuhake ki te oro.
– Tāpirihia ngā tohu LED mō te mana hiko me te tūnga hononga.
– Waihangatia he pouaka ma, haumaru hoki mō te whakamahinga roa.
8. Whakamutunga
He kaupapa ngahau, he kaupapa ako hoki te hanga i tētahi reo irirangi me te tuku ahokore. Ka ako koe i te rere katoa o te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero: mai i te pūtake oro, te tuku, te whiwhinga, me te whakanui oro. Mō ngā tīmatanga, ko te huarahi haumaru me te tere ko te whakamahi i tētahi waeine tuku-whiwhi e wātea ana, kātahi ka arotahi ki te hoahoa i te pūtake hiko, te oro, me te whakaurunga pūnaha. Kia mārama koe ki ngā kaupapa matua me ngā mahi tika, ka taea e koe te neke atu ki ngā hoahoa ara iahiko RF uaua ake—me te mau tonu ki ngā ture auau me te haumaru.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te waihanga i tētahi putanga hangarau ake o tēnei tuhinga (hei tauira, te whiriwhiri i ngā kōwae motuhake, ngā hoahoa hononga taipitopito ake, me tētahi rārangi hokohoko wāhanga) i runga i te tawhiti me te momo oro e hiahiatia ana e koe.
