Hangarau Whai Hua o te Papu Wera i roto i te Geothermal
E māramahia ana te pūngao waiariki hei whakaputa hiko mai i te wera waiariki i ngā wāhi puia. Heoi, he whānui ake te whakamahinga o te pūngao waiariki ka taea te whakamahi i roto i te nuinga o ngā rohe: te papu wera waiariki (GSHP). Ka whakawhitihia e tēnei hangarau te wera i waenga i te whare me te whenua (te wai whenua rānei) hei whakamahana, hei whakamatao, hei hiahia wai wera mō te kāinga. Ko tōna painga matua kei roto i te whai huatanga—te kaha ki te whakaputa i te pānga whakamahana/whakamatao nui me te iti o te whakaurunga hiko. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ngā mātāpono whakahaere, ngā wāhanga, ngā tohu whai huatanga, me ngā rautaki hangarau hei whakapai ake i te mahi a ngā papu wera waiariki.
Te Mātāpono Mahi o te Papu Wera Geothermal
Kāore ngā papu wera e "hanga" i te wera, engari ka pupuhi i te wera mai i tētahi wāhi ki tētahi atu mā te whakamahi i te huringa whakamatao (pēhanga kohu). I roto i te aratau whakamahana, ka tangohia e te pūnaha te wera mai i te whenua, he pāmahana pumau tonu i te tau katoa (ko te tikanga 18–30°C i roto i te nuinga o ngā rohe pārūrū i tētahi hohonutanga), kātahi ka whakanui ake i tōna pāmahana hei whakamahana i tētahi rūma, i tētahi puna wai rānei. I roto i te aratau whakamatao, ka hurihia te tukanga: ka whakawhitia te wera mai i roto i te whare ki te whenua.
He "pūhiko wera" tūturu te mahi a te oneone nā te mea kāore ngā piki me ngā heke o te pāmahana o te mata e pā nui ki ngā pāmahana i ngā hohonutanga o ētahi mita. Mā tēnei pumau ka taea e ngā papu wera whenua te mahi i raro i ngā āhuatanga "māmā" o te pūtake wera (te totohu wera rānei) i ngā hauhautanga hau-ki-hau, ā, me iti ake te kaha o te mahi a te pūngao. Ko te mutunga: he iti ake te whakapaunga pūngao.
Ngā Wāhanga Matua me tā rātou Tūranga ki te Whai Hua
Ko te whai huatanga o te pūnaha GSHP he huinga o te hoahoa wera, te kounga o ngā wāhanga, me ngā mana whakahaere. Ko ngā wāhanga matua ko:
1. Porowhita whenua (whakawhiti wera whenua)
He pūnaha porowhita kati whakapae/poutū, he pūnaha porowhita tuwhera rānei e whakamahi ana i te wai whenua. Mā tēnei porowhita ka whakatauhia te whai huatanga o te whakawhiti wera i waenga i te wai e rere ana me te oneone.
2. Wāhanga papu wera
Kei roto he pūwero, he pūwhakapūhau, he pūwhakamātao, he takirere whānui, me te hauhautanga. He pānga nui tō te whai huatanga o te pūwero me te kounga o te whakawhiti wera ā-roto ki te COP.
3. Papu tohanga me te pūnaha wai
He "huna" te hiko e whakamahia ana mō ngā papu tohanga i ētahi wā, engari he mea nui. Ka taea e te pūnaha kāore i te arotauhia te whakaiti i te whai huatanga whānui.
4. Ngā taunga whare (ngā papa hihi, ngā koiri hau, ngā kaikawe hau)
Mā te iti o ngā pāmahana whakamahana (hei tauira, ngā papa hihi) me te teitei ake rānei mō te whakamatao ka piki ake te pai o te mahi mā te whakaiti i te "kawenga" ki runga i te pūwhakakoi.
5. Ngā pūnaha whakahaere me ngā pūoko
Ko te whakahaere a te pūnaha i te pūngao e pau ana i ia rā, te tere rere, te whakaritenga o te kōpeketanga, me te whakarewa (mēnā e tika ana) ka whakatau i te whakapaunga hiko o ia rā.
Ngā Tohu Whai Hua: COP, EER, me SPF
He maha ngā wā ka whakaatuhia te whai huatanga o te papu wera penei:
– COP (Tauwehenga Mahi) mō te aratau whakamahana: te ōwehenga o te pūngao wera e whakaputaina ana ki te pūngao hiko e pau ana. Ko te COP o te 4 te tikanga ka puta te 1 kWh o te hiko tata ki te 4 kWh o te wera.
– EER (Ōwehenga Whai Hua o te Pūngao) mō te whakamatao: te ōwehenga o te kaha whakamatao ki te mana hiko.
– SPF (Tauwehe Mahi Ā-Wā) te whai huatanga rānei o te wā: e whakaata ana i te mahi puta noa i te wā/te mahi tuturu, tae atu ki te tohanga me te whakamahinga papu whakahaere.
Ko te tikanga he nui ake te COP me te SPF o ngā papu wera whenua i ngā pūnaha hau nā te mea he pumau ake te pāmahana pūtake/putanga. Heoi, ko ngā tatauranga tuturu e whakawhirinaki ana ki te kounga o te hoahoa me te tāutanga.
Ngā Rautaki Whakapai Ake i te Hangarau me te Whai Huatanga
1. Te Hoahoa Tika o te Porowhita Whenua
Ko te porowhita whenua te "ngakau" o tētahi pūnaha waiariki. He maha ngā huarahi hei whakapiki i te whai huatanga:
– He pai ngā porowhita poutū mō ngā wāhi iti, ā, he pumau ake te pāmahana. Me tatau te hohonu me te maha o ngā poka wai i runga i ngā kawenga whare me te kawe wai o te oneone.
– He iti ake te utu mō ngā koropiko whakapae mēnā he nui te whenua, engari he nui ake te pānga o ngā rerekētanga o te pāmahana o te mata.
– Mā te pai o te whakakī i te wai wera ki roto i te poka ka nui ake te pa atu o te paipa ki te whenua, ka whakaiti i te ātete wera, ā, ka pai ake te whakawhiti wera.
– Ka taea e te kōwhiringa o ngā rauemi paipa (hei tauira, HDPE kounga teitei) me te hoahoa whirihoranga (ngā ngongo-U takirua, ngā ngongo honohono) te whakaiti i te ngaronga pēhanga me te whakapiki ake i te pai o te whakawhiti wera.
Ko te tikanga, ka kaha ake te mahi a te pūwhakakoi ina iti rawa te porowhita, ā, ka iti iho te COP, engari ka nui rawa te utu tīmatanga ina nui rawa te porowhita, engari kāore he painga e rite ana.
2. Ngā Pouaka Whakamatao me ngā Pūwhakakorikori Hangarau-Tirohia
He nui te pānga o te whai huatanga o te papu wera ki:
– Pūwero hurihuri/tere rerekē (VFD): ka whakarerekē mārire i te kaha kia rite ki te kawenga, ka whakaiti i ngā huringa whakaweto-whakakā me te whakanui ake i te pai o te kawenga-wāhanga.
– Ngā pouaka whakamatao o te whakatipuranga hou: He iti ake te kaha o ētahi pouaka whakamatao ki te whakamāhana i te ao (GWP) engari he pai te mahi whakamahana. Me whai whakaaro te kōwhiringa pouaka whakamatao ki ngā ture, te haumaru, me te hototahi o ngā wāhanga.
– Te hoahoa o te whakawhiti wera moroiti, te whakawhiti wera pereti rānei: ka taea te whakanui ake i te tauwehenga whakawhiti wera me te whakaiti i te rahi, ahakoa me whai hoahoa ārai-paru me te whakahaere kounga pai.
3. Papu Whakawhiti me te Arotautanga Waipēhi
He mea noa te āhua o ngā pūnaha GSHP "kia pai ai te āhua i runga i te pepa" engari ka moumou te pūngao nā te koretake o ngā papu tohanga. Ko te otinga matua:
– He papu tere rerekē e whai ana i ngā whakaritenga rere me te pēhanga i te wā tūturu.
– Te hoahoa paipa me te iti o te mate pēhanga: he pai te diameter o te paipa, he iti noa ngā piko, he taurite tika, me te whiriwhiri pai i te takirere.
– Rautaki whakahaere Delta-T: kia mau tonu te rerekētanga pāmahana o te takahuri ki te putanga ki te uara ūnga kia kore ai e nui rawa te rere e moumou noa i te hiko o te papu.
4. Te Whakaurunga ki ngā Pūnaha Whakamahana Pāmahana-Iti
He tino whai hua ngā papu wera ina iti te rerekētanga pāmahana (te ararewa). Nō reira, ka piki ake te whai huatanga ina whakamahia e ngā whare:
– Ngā papa hihi, ngā panera hihi rānei mō te whakamahana (he iti ake te pāmahana o te pūnaha whakamahana).
– He kurupae whakamatao, he pūnaha whakamatao rānei, he pāmahana teitei ake (kāore e hiahiatia he hau tino makariri).
– Te whakapai ake i te whakamarumaru o te whare: ka whakaiti i ngā kawenga teitei, ka taea te whakahaere i tētahi tautuhinga "hoa" ake mō te papu wera.
5. Mana Whakahaere me te Kawenga Maamaa
Ka taea e ngā mana whakahaere hou te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o ngā wā:
– Matapae e ahu mai ana i te huarere: ka whakarerekē te pūnaha i ngā mahi kia rite ki ngā pāmahana o waho me ngā tauira nohonga kua matapaetia.
– Te urupare ki te hiahia: te neke i ētahi mahi (hei tauira, te whakamahana wai) ki ngā hāora hiko iti ake te utu, ki te nui rānei o te pūngao whakahou.
– Te Whakatakotoranga Rohe: ka whakamahana/whakamatao anake i te wāhi e whakamahia ana.
– Te aroturukitanga e hangai ana ki te IoT hei kite i te hekenga o te mahi (hei tauira, te poke, te turuturu o te hauhautanga, te nekenekehanga o te pūoko).
6. Ngā Pūnaha Ranu me te Rokiroki Wera
I ētahi āhuatanga, ka whakapiki ake ngā pūnaha ranu i te whai huatanga o te utu (ā, ka noho tonu te whai huatanga o te pūngao), hei tauira:
– GSHP + pourewa whakamatao hei whakakore i te kore taurite o te kawenga (hei tauira, te whakamatao nui puta noa i te tau) kia kore ai te oneone e "wera haere".
– GSHP + pōro iti hei taupoki i ngā kawenga tino pīrahi me te kore e whakanui i te koropiko whenua.
– Te rokiroki wera (te tāke wai wera, te rokiroki matao rānei) hei whakataurite i te kawenga, hei pupuri hoki i te mahi a te pūwero kia tino pai te mahi.
Ngā Wero Whakatinanatanga i te Marae
Ahakoa tōna whai huatanga, he maha ngā wero e pā ana ki ngā papu wera whenua:
– Te nui o ngā utu tīmatanga nā te keri me ngā mahi ā-iwi.
– He mea nui te kounga o te hoahoa me te tāutanga. He maha ngā wā ka warewarehia ngā tātaitanga kawenga, ngā whakamātautau urupare wera oneone, me te whakatūnga.
– Te wātea o te whenua me ngā whakaaetanga mō te keri porowhita whakapae, te keri poutū rānei.
– Ngā āhuatanga waiwhenua: wai whenua, momo oneone/toka, me te mōrearea o te waikura, te tauine rānei i roto i ngā pūnaha tuwhera.
Nō reira, ko te angitu o te kaupapa e whakawhirinaki ana ki tētahi rangahau whaihua, ki te kōwhiringa o ngā kaimahi kirimana mātau, me ngā mahere tiaki.
Whakamutunga
He tino whai hua te hangarau papu wera whenua nā te mea e whakamahi ana i te pāmahana pumau o te whenua hei pūtake wera me te totohu. Ehara i te mea ko te waeine papu wera anake te mea e whai hua ai; engari ko te hua o te hoahoa tika o te porowhita whenua, ngā compressors me ngā refrigerants whai hua, te arotautanga o te papu tohanga, te whakaurunga ki ngā pūnaha pāmahana iti, me ngā mana whakahaere atamai. Mā te whakamahere me te tāutanga tika, ka taea e ngā GSHP te noho hei otinga whakamahana me te whakamatao mō te wā roa e whai hua ana ki te pūngao, e whakaiti ana i ngā tukunga, ā, he pono hoki—mō ngā kāinga, ngā whare arumoni, me ngā whare ahumahi.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te whakarerekē i tēnei tuhinga kia hangarau ake (me ngā tātai COP/SPF me ngā tauira tātaitanga) kia rongonui ake rānei mō ngā kaipānui whānui, me te tāpiri atu hoki i ngā rangahau take i Initonīhia.
