Ngā Tikanga me ngā Tukanga Whakaora Whenua Keri
Ko te whakaora whenua keri he raupapa o ngā mahi kua whakaritea hei whakaora i te whenua kua whakararuraruhia e ngā mahi keri hei whakarite i te pumau, te haumaru, me te mahi ā-taiao me te pāpori-ōhanga. I roto i te horopaki o te whanaketanga tauwhiro, ehara te whakaora i te herenga whakahaere noa iho engari he mahi tūturu hei whakaiti i ngā kino taiao, hei ārai i ngā āhuatanga kino pēnei i te horo whenua me ngā waipuke, me te whakaora i te hua o te whenua. Ka matapakihia whānuitia e tēnei tuhinga ngā tikanga me ngā tukanga whakaora whenua keri, mai i te whakamahere me te whakatinanatanga ki te aroturuki i muri i te keri.
1. Ngā Mātāpono Taketake o te Whakaora Whenua Maina
Ko te whakaora whenua pai e ahu mai ana i ngā mātāpono e whai ake nei: (1) te haumaru me te pumau o te whenua, (2) te whakahaere i te horo me te paru, (3) te whakaora i te momona o te oneone, (4) te whakahaere i te kounga o te wai me te taiao, me te (5) te whakatau pono i te whakamahinga whenua whakamutunga. Ko ngā kōwhiringa whakamahinga whenua whakamutunga ka uru atu ki te whakatipu ngahere, te whenua ahuwhenua, ngā wāhi tiaki whenua, ngā nohoanga iti, ngā wāhi tūruhi, ētahi atu mahi rānei e ai ki te whakamahere ā-wāhi.
Ko tētahi atu mātāpono nui ko te whakaora haere tonu, arā, ko te whakaora i te whenua i te mea kei te haere tonu ngā mahi keri i ngā wāhi kua keria kētia. Mā tēnei tikanga ka whakaitihia te nui o te whenua kua kitea, ka whai hua ake ngā utu whakaora, ā, ka whakaitihia wawetia ngā mōrearea taiao.
2. Wāhanga Whakamahere Whakaora
Ko te whakamahere whakahoki whenua te tūāpapa o te angitu. Ko tēnei wāhanga e whai ake nei:
a. Te Rārangi Taonga Āhua Tuatahi
Kei roto i ngā mahi te mahere i te whenua, ngā momo oneone, te matawhenua, te wai, te uhi tipu, me ētahi atu āhuatanga. pāpori-ōhanga ngā hapori huri noa. Ka whakamahia ēnei raraunga hei whakatau i te taumata o te whakararuraru me ngā rautaki whakaora tika.
b. Te Whakatau i ngā Whāinga me ngā Paearu Angitu
Me ine ngā whāinga o te whakaora whenua, hei tauira, ko ngā whāinga pumau o te pari, te matotoru o te oneone, te ōrau o te taupoki tipu, te tere oranga o ngā tipu, me ētahi atu tawhā. kounga waiKa āwhina ngā paearu angitu i te aromatawai whai take i te wāhanga aroturuki.
c. Te Hoahoa Āhua Whenua
Kei roto i te hoahoa ngā mahere mō te whakahaere pari, ngā teitei whakamutunga, ngā pūnaha waikeri, ngā wāhi o ngā roto paru, me te tiaki i ngā wāhi tairongo pērā i ngā awa me ngā puna wai. I roto i ngā maina tuwhera, ka whakaarohia hoki e te hoahoa mēnā ka whakakīia anō ngā āputa (ngā whakatuwheratanga), ka hurihia hei roto, ka waiho rānei me ngā ārai motuhake.
d. Mahere Whakahaere Whenua Matua
He wāhanga nui te oneone o runga nā te mea kei roto ngā mea rauropi, ngā moroiti, me te pēke purapura. I te wā whakamahere, ka whakatauhia ngā tikanga mō te tango, te penapena, me te hora anō i te oneone o runga kia mau tonu ai te kounga.
3. Ngā Tikanga Whakaora : Te Hanga Whenua
Ko te whāinga o te whakamahere whenua he waihanga i te whenua pumau, e tata ana ki ngā āhua taiao.
a. Te Whakakī me te Whakarōpūtanga Anō
Ka whakamahia ngā para keri (te paparanga o runga, te toka para rānei) hei whakakī anō i ngā wāhi keri, hei hanga parepare haumaru rānei. Ka mahia te whakatikatika whenua hei whakaiti i ngā pikinga pari, hei whakapai ake i ngā āhua, hei whakaiti hoki i te tūponotanga o te horo whenua. Ko ngā pari ka hangaia i roto i ngā paparanga (ngā paepae) me ngā papa hei pupuri i te rerenga o te mata.
b. Te Pūmautanga me te Whakakaha o te Piki
I ngā wāhi ngoikore, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā tikanga hangarau whenua pēnei i te whakakīkī, te tāutanga papanga whenua, ngā gabion, ngā pakitara pupuri rānei. Ko te whiriwhiri i te tikanga ka whakawhirinaki ki ngā āhuatanga o te toka, te ua, me te pari o te pari kua whakaritea.
c. Pūnaha Waikeri me te Whakahaere Horo
Ko te wai te tino take o te horo. Ko ngā pūnaha waikeri mata pērā i ngā awaawa, ngā paipa wai, me ngā hanganga maturuturu wai, he mea hanga hei whakahaere i te rere o te wai. Hei whakaiti i te horo, ka taea te whakamahi i te paparanga, te uhi i ngā hua, te kupenga whakahaere i te horo, me te papa whenua.
4. Te Whakahaere Oneone: Te Oneone Mata me te Whakapaipai
a. Te Whakakore me te Rokiroki i te Oneone Mata
Ka tangohia te oneone o runga i mua i te keri, ā, ka rongoatia ki roto i ngā puranga iti te teitei hei ārai i te whakakīkī me te tipu kore ora. Me tiaki ngā puranga puranga mai i te horo mā te hipoki ki ngā otaota tere tipu, ki te papa rānei.
b. Te Whakahoki i ngā Taonga me te Whakapai ake i te Momonatanga
Kia oti te whakarite whenua, ka horahia anō te oneone o runga ki te matotoru e tika ana mō ngā hiahia o te tipu. Nā te mea he iti noa ngā matūkai i te oneone o mua i te keri, ka whakamahia te wairākau, te whakawairakau, te waiora koiora, te raima (mō ngā oneone waikawa), te tongi NPK rānei hei whakapai ake i te mimiti o ngā matūkai me te pakari o te tipu. Mā te werohanga ki ngā moroiti pēnei i te mycorrhizae ka āwhina i te whakapai ake i te mimiti o ngā matūkai me te pakari o te tipu.
c. Te Whakaora i te Whenua Parakore
Mena he poke te konganuku taumaha, he tūponotanga rānei ka pā te waikeri waikawa o te maina (AMD), me mahi ngā mahi motuhake pēnei i te tāpiri i ngā rauemi kawakore (koime), te whakauru i ngā rauemi whanariki, te hanga pūnaha repo, te rongoā rānei i te wai i mua i te tukunga ki te taiao.
5. Te Whakatipu Anō: Te Whakaora i te Tipu me te Pūnaha Rauropi
Ko te whakatipu anō te wāhanga e tino kitea ana i roto i te whakahokinga mai o te whenua, engari ko tōna angitu e whakawhirinaki ana ki te whakamahere me te whakahaere whakamahinga whenua o mua.
a. Te Kōwhiringa o ngā Momo Tipu
Ka whai whakaaro te kōwhiringa tipu ki te kaupapa matua o te whenua, ngā āhuatanga o te rangi, me te momo oneone. Ko te huinga o ēnei e whai ake nei ka whakamahia whānuitia:
– Ngā hua pīni hei taupoki i te horo, hei tāpiri hauota hoki.
– Ngā paionia tere tipu hei whakateretere i te hanganga o ngā raupo.
– Ngā momo ā-rohe hei whakaora i te kanorau koiora me te pumau o te rauropi.
b. Tikanga Whakatō
Ka taea te whakatō mā te rui tika, te whakatō, te whakatō wai rānei (he ranunga purapura, wai, tongi, me te piri). I ngā pari, he mea nui te tawhiti tika, ngā tauira āhua, me ngā tikanga whakapuru hei ārai i te marara o ngā purapura.
c. Te Tiaki
Ko te tiaki ko te whakamakuku tuatahi, te whakamomona i muri mai, te whakahaere taru kino, te whakahaere pepeke, me te whakato anō i ngā tipu mate. Ko te tikanga ka mahia ēnei mahi i roto i ētahi wā tipu tae noa ki te pumau o te taupoki o ngā tipu.
6. Te Whakaora i ngā Hanganga Keri
Haunga te whenua kua whakawāteatia, kei roto i te whakaora te whakahoro, te whakamahi anō rānei i ngā hanganga pēnei i ngā rori keri, ngā awheawhe, ngā puranga taonga, me ētahi atu whare. Ka taea te pupuri i ētahi wāhi mō ngā whakamahinga i muri i te keri (pēnei i ngā rori urunga mō te ahuwhenua, te tūruhi rānei), engari me whakarite kia haumaru, kia pai mō te taiao, kia rite hoki ki ngā whakaritenga whakamahere wāhi.
7. Ngā Tukanga Whakatinanatanga o te Whakaora: Mai i te Whakamahinga i mua i te Kerikeri ki te Whakamahinga i muri i te Kerikeri
Ko te tikanga, ko te whakahokinga mai o te whenua ka whai i te tukanga e whai ake nei:
1. Te whakarite i ngā mahere whakahoki whenua me ngā whakaaetanga kia rite ki ngā ture e pā ana.
2. Te whakaora haere i ngā wāhi kāore e keria ana.
3. Te whakahaere whenua (te whakakī anō i te whenua, te whakahou i te whenua, te whakaū).
4. Te tāutanga o te waikeri me te whakahaere i te horo.
5. Te hora me te whakapai ake i te oneone o runga.
6. Te whakato anō i ngā tipu kia rite ki te hoahoa.
7. Te tiaki me te haumaru o te rohe (taiapa, tohu, kati i te urunga morearea).
8. Te aroturuki me te aromatawai kia tutuki rā anō ngā paearu angitu.
9. Te tukunga/te tukunga i muri i te keri ina kīia te rohe he pumau, he whai hua hoki.
8. Te Aroturuki me te Aromatawai i te Angitu
Ka aroturukitia kia mōhio ai kei te tino mahi te mahi whakahoki. Ko ngā tawhā noa e arotakengia ana ko:
– Te pumau o te pari (ngā kapiti, ngā horo whenua, te totohu o te whenua).
– Ngā tere o te horo me te taunga oneone.
– Kounga wai (pH, TSS, konganuku rewa).
– Te angitu o te whakatipu otaota (te ōrau o te oranga, te tipu, te taupoki o te rau).
– Ngā āhuatanga o te oneone (pH, ngā mea rauropi, ngā matūkai).
- Pānga pāpori (te urunga atu ki te whenua, ngā painga ōhanga, te whakaae a te hapori).
Mena ka kitea he rerekētanga, ka mahia ngā mahi whakatikatika pēnei i te whakapai ake i te rerenga wai, te whakapakari i ngā pari, te tāpiri i ngā āhuatanga whakapai ake, te whakato anō rānei.
9. Ngā Wero me ngā Rautaki mō te Oranga Tonutanga
Ko ngā wero mō te whakaora whenua keri he tino ngoikore te oneone, te nui o te ua e whakaoho ana i te horo, te kaha o te rerenga wai waikawa o te maina, me ngā pakanga whakamahinga whenua i muri i te keri. Ko ngā rautaki hei whakapai ake i te pumau ko te whakamahinga o ngā momo whenua o te rohe, te whakamahi i ngā hangarau whakahaere rerenga wai waikawa, te whakamahinga nui o ngā rauemi rauropi, me te whai wāhi a te hapori ki te whakatau i te whakamahinga whenua whakamutunga. Mā te mahi tahi a ngā kamupene, te kāwanatanga, ngā mātauranga, me ngā hapori, ka taea e te whakaora te whai wāhi ki te waihanga whenua hou, whai hua ake.
Te Katinga
Ko ngā tikanga me ngā tukanga whakaora whenua keri e hiahia ana ki tētahi huarahi maha-mātauranga e uru ana ki te hangarau whenua, te whakahaere oneone, te whakahaere wai, me te whakaora otaota. Ehara i te mea ko te angitu o te whakaora whenua anake ka inehia e te kakariki o te whenua , engari e tōna pumau mō te wā roa, te kounga o te taiao, me ngā painga ki te hapori huri noa. Mā te whakamahere tupato, te whakatinanatanga whai tikanga, me te aroturuki tonu, ka taea te whakahoki i te whenua i muri i te keri ki tētahi wāhi haumaru, whai hua e tautoko ana i te pumau o te rauropi.
