Te Tukanga Hanga Rino Tin mō te Hononga Hiko
Ko te tine, e mōhiotia ana ko Sn (tohu: Sn, tau ngota: 50), he konganuku e whai wāhi nui ana ki ngā momo ahumahi, inā koa i te hanga i te tūhono mō ngā taputapu hiko. Ko te tūhono he rauemi e whakamahia ana hei hono i ngā wāhanga hiko ki ngā mata konganuku, ko te nuinga he ranunga o ngā momo konganuku, tae atu ki te tine. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga te tukanga hanga o te konganuku tine e whakamahia ana i roto i te hanga tūhono hiko, mai i te keri i te konganuku tine ki te hua whakamutunga, kua rite ki te whakamahi.
Te Keritanga o te Tin Ore
Ka tīmata te tukanga hanga tine mā te keri i te konganuku tine. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka kitea te tine i te āhua o te cassiterite (SnO2), koinei te pūtake matua o te tine. E rua ngā tikanga matua e taea ai te keri i te konganuku tine: te keri tuwhera me te keri raro whenua.
1. Te Keri Tuwhera
Ka mahia te keri tuwhera i roto i ngā putunga kohuke e tata ana ki te mata o te whenua. I tēnei tikanga, ka keria te paparanga oneone i runga ake i te kohuke tine hei whakaatu i te kohuke. Ka whakamahia ngā taputapu taumaha pērā i ngā keri me ngā puruta hei hiki i te kohuke me te oneone e taupoki ana.
2. Te Keri i raro i te Whenua
Ka mahia te keri whenua ina kei raro rawa i te mata o te whenua ngā putunga o te konganuku. I roto i tēnei tikanga, ka hangaia he kauhanga me he kōhao hei tae atu ki te konganuku tine me te kawe ki te mata.
Te Tukatuka i te Ore Tin
Kia oti te keri angitu i te konganuku tine, ko te mahi e whai ake nei ko te tukatuka i te konganuku kia whiwhi ai i te konganuku tine parakore. He maha ngā wāhanga o tēnei tukatuka, tae atu ki:
1. Te Kukū o te Kohatu
Ko te whāinga o te kukū o te konganuku he whakanui ake i te nui o te tine i roto i te konganuku, me te wehe i ngā poke. Ko te tikanga o tēnei tukanga ka mahia mā te whakatārewatanga, mā te tango i te matūriki i raro i te mana ā-papa. I roto i te tango i te matūriki i raro i te mana ā-papa, ka kuruhia te konganuku, ka horoia ki te wai hei wehe i ngā matūriki māmā ake i te cassiterite taumaha ake.
2. Te Whakamaroke me te Mira
I muri i te whakakukū, ka whakamaroketia te konganuku tine, ka hurihia kia rite ki te paura pai hei whakahaere i te tukatuka atu. Ka āwhina hoki te tukanga huri ki te wehe i te cassiterite mai i ngā poke.
3. Te Whakanoho
I muri i te maroke me te huri, ka kohia te konganuku momona i te tine, ka maka ki roto i te oumu whakarewa hei tango i te waikura cassiterite mai i te tine.
Tukanga Rewa
1. Whakaitinga
Ka whāngaihia te konganuku kukū ki roto i te oumu whakarewa. I roto i tēnei tukanga, ka tāpirihia he waro, he atu matū whakaiti rānei hei whakaiti i te waikura tine hei tine whakarewa. Ko te tauhohenga whānui koia tēnei:
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SnO2 + C → Sn + CO2
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Ka puta he tine me he para rewa i tēnei tukanga whakaiti, me wehe ngātahi ēnei.
2. Te Whakama
Ka mahia te whakamahine hei tango i ngā poke pērā i te rino, te āheniki, me te antimony e toe ana i roto i te tine rewa. Tērā pea ka uru atu ki te tukanga ētahi tikanga, tae atu ki te whakakore korehau, te hikohiko, me ētahi atu tikanga ā-tinana.
3. Te tā
I muri i te wāhanga whakamahine, ka ringihia te tine rewa ki roto i ngā pokepoke hei hanga i ngā pae tine, i ngā poro rānei. Kātahi ka taea te hoko atu i ēnei poro hei rauemi mata, ka tukatukahia rānei mēnā e hiahiatia ana.
Te Hanganga Tūhono Tin
1. Te Hanga i ngā Koranu Tin
Hei hanga i te tūhono, ka konatunatua te tine ki ētahi atu konganuku pērā i te mata, te hiriwa, te parahi rānei. Ko te nui o ia konganuku ka whakawhirinaki ki te momo tūhono e hiahiatia ana. Hei tauira, ko te tūhono tine-mata, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā hikohiko, he ranunga 60/40, arā, 60% te tine me te 40% te mata. Heoi, nā ngā āwangawanga hauora e pā ana ki te whakamahinga o te mata, he maha ngā kaihanga kua huri ki te tūhono kore-mata, e mau ana i te ranunga o te tine, te hiriwa, me te parahi.
2. Te Rewa me te Whakaoho
Ka whakarewahia ngā poro tine me ētahi atu koranu i roto i te oumu whakapūmau, i te oumu hiko rānei. Mā te tukanga whakarewa ka tino memeha ngā konganuku koranu katoa, ā, ka hanga he koranu ōrite. Ka whakamahia te whakaoho hei whakarite kia ōrite te tohatoha o ia wāhanga konganuku i roto i te koranu whakapiri.
3. Te Tā me te Whakamatao
Kātahi ka hangaia te koranu whakarewa hei waea, hei tokotoko rānei. Ko te tukanga whakarewa he tikanga e whakahaerehia ana mā te whakamahi i te mīhini whakaputa, i te tikanga whakarewa rānei. I muri i te wehenga atu i te pokepoke, ka tere te whakamatao i te whakarewa kia totoka. Ko te āhua whakamutunga o te whakarewa ka whakatauhia e tōna whakamahinga, ahakoa he waea, he tokotoko, he whakapiri rānei.
4. Te Tākai me te Tohatoha
I muri i te whakamatao me te tapahi ki te rahi e hiahiatia ana, ka tākaihia te tūhono ki ngā rahi me ngā āhua rerekē hei hoko ki te umanga hikohiko me ētahi atu kaiwhakamahi. He mea nui te tākai tika hei pupuri i te kounga tūhono tino pai tae noa ki te whakamahinga.
Ngā Painga o te Tin i roto i te Whakapiri Hiko
He maha ngā painga matua o te whakamahinga o te tine i roto i te hanga o te tūhono hiko, tae atu ki:
1. Ira Rewa Iti
He iti noa te ira rewa o te tine (232°C) ā, he mea tino pai mō te tukanga whakapiri, nā te mea kāore e hiahiatia he pāmahana tino teitei ka kino pea ngā wāhanga hiko.
2. Te Arataki Hiko me te Wera Pai
He pai te kawe hiko me te wera o te tine, ā, ka whakarite kia whai hua ngā hononga honohono mō te whakawhiti tohu me te pūngao hiko i roto i ngā ara iahiko hiko.
3. Mana Piri Kaha
Ka hua mai i te tūhono tine he hononga kaha, he hononga pakari hoki, he mea nui kia pai ai te whakahaere o ngā taputapu hiko.
Whakamutunga
He raupapa uaua te tukanga hanga mō te konganuku tine e whakamahia ana i roto i te whakarewa hiko, e hiahia ana ki te mātauranga me te hangarau matatau. Mai i te keri tine, te tukatuka, te whakarewa, ki te hanga koranu whakarewa me te whakahāngai hua whakamutunga, he mea nui ia wāhanga ki te whakaputa i te whakarewa kounga teitei e tino hira ana ki te umanga hiko. Mā te māramatanga hohonu ki tēnei tukanga ka taea te whakarite kia whai hua, kia pai hoki te whakamahi i ngā rauemi, kia nui ake ai ngā painga mō te umanga me ngā kaihoko.
