Ngā Momo Konganuku e Whakamahia Ana i roto i te Hanga Waka
He mara hangarau te hanga kaipuke e hiahia ana ki ngā rauemi me te huinga o ngā āhuatanga kāore e taea te whakatutuki i te wā kotahi: te kaha ki te pikau kawenga, te ātete ki te waikura i roto i ngā taiao moana, te ngāwari o te hanga me te whakarewa, me te whakaputa me te tiaki ōhanga. I roto i ngā momo rauemi rerekē, ko ngā konganuku tonu te pou tuarā o te hanga kaipuke hou, inā koa mō ngā kaipuke hokohoko, ngā kaipuke pakanga, ngā kaipuke pāhihi, tae atu ki ngā kaipuke mahi pēnei i ngā poti tō me ngā poti tirotiro. Ka pā te kōwhiringa konganuku tika ki te haumaru, te whai huatanga o te mahi, te roa o te ratonga, me ngā utu tiaki puta noa i te huringa ora o te kaipuke.
Kei raro nei ngā momo konganuku e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te hanganga kaipuke, me ngā take hangarau i whiriwhiria ai ia momo me ngā wāhanga o te kaipuke e whakamahia ai.
1) Waro maitai mō te hanganga matua
Ko te maitai waro te rauemi tino nui i roto i te umanga kaipuke, inā koa mō ngā takere, ngā papa, ngā ārai, ngā anga, me ētahi atu hanganga o roto. Ko ōna painga matua ko tōna kaha pai, te wātea whānui, me te utu iti ki te whakataurite ki ētahi atu rauemi.
I roto i te mahi, ka whakamahia e te hanganga kaipuke te maitai kounga-moana e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa whakarōpūtanga (hei tauira, ABS, DNV, LR, BV). Ka hangaia tēnei maitai mā te whakamahi i te hanganga matū whakahaeretia me ngā tukanga whakaputa motuhake kia eke ki te pakari e tika ana, inā koa i ngā pāmahana iti, ā, ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te pakarukaru.
Heoi, he ngoikoretanga nui tō te maitai waro: he ngāwari ki te waikura i roto i ngā taiao moana. Nō reira, ka whakawhirinaki tonu ngā kaipuke maitai ki ngā pūnaha tiaki waikura pērā i ngā paninga tiaki, ngā anode patunga tapu, te tiaki katote aukume whakakī (ICCP) rānei. He mea nui te tiaki auau kia mau tonu ai te mahi hanganga.
2) Rino Kukū Teitei mō te Whai Hua Taumaha
Haunga te maitai waro paerewa, he maha ngā kaipuke hou e whakamahi ana i te maitai kaha-teitei (pēnei i te AH36, DH36, EH36, me ngā momo rite) mō ngā wāhi e hiahia ana kia kaha ake, kia whakaitihia rānei te taumaha hanganga me te kore e whakararu i te haumaru. Mā te kaha kume me te kaha tuku teitei ka taea te whakaiti i te matotoru o te pereti i ētahi wāhi, ka hua ake he iti ake te taumaha o te kaipuke me te pai ake o te whai huatanga o te wahie.
He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia tēnei momo maitai i ngā wāhi e pāngia ana e te taumahatanga nui, pērā i te papa matua, te rohe e karapoti ana i ngā taupoki o ngā kaipuke utanga, ngā hanganga roa rānei o ngā kaipuke nunui. Heoi anō, me aro nui atu ki ngā tikanga whakarewa me te whakahaere kounga te whakamahinga o te maitai kaha-teitei, nā te mea ka pāngia ōna āhuatanga miihini e te wera (te rohe e pāngia ana e te wera) mēnā ka tukatukahia kia kore e tika.
3) Kowiri tira hei ātete ki te waikura i roto i ētahi pūnaha
E whakamahia ana te kowiri tira i roto i ngā wāhanga moana e hiahia ana kia nui te ātete ki te waikura, inā koa i roto i ngā paipa, ngā tāke, ngā hononga, me ngā wāhanga e pā ana ki te wai moana, ki ngā wai waikura rānei. Ko ngā momo noa ko te raupapa austenitic pērā i te 304/304L me te 316/316L, ā, ko te 316 he ātete ake ki te waikura pūhaumāota nā te nui o te molybdenum.
I roto i ngā mahi moana, he maha ngā wā ka whiriwhiria te kowiri tira mō:
– Ētahi pūnaha paipa wai moana me te wai māori
– Ngā taputapu i roto i te wāhi o te kaipuke, i te rūma hauora rānei (he ma, he ngāwari hoki te horoi)
– Ngā tāke matū i runga i ngā kaipuke tāke matū (me ngā momo motuhake e ai ki te utanga)
– Ngā wāhanga whakapiri (ngā pūtu, ngā nati) i ngā wāhi e ngāwari ana te waikura
Ahakoa he ātete ki te waikura, kāore te maitai kore waikura e ārai i ngā momo waikura katoa. I roto i ngā taiao hauota, kei reira tonu te mōrearea o te waikura poka me te kapiti, inā koa mēnā ka puta he āputa i te hoahoa hononga, ka puta rānei he poke. Hei tāpiri, he nui ake te utu o te maitai kore waikura i te maitai noa, nō reira he maha ngā wā ka whiriwhiria tōna whakamahinga.
4) Te Konumohe me ōna Koranu mō ngā Hanganga Matua me ngā Waka Tere
He rongonui te konumohe (ina koa ko ngā koranu konumohe raupapa 5xxx me 6xxx mō ngā mahi moana) mō ngā hanganga o runga me ngā kaipuke tere nui pērā i ngā waka tere, ngā poti tirotiro, ngā waka whakangahau rānei. Ko te painga nui o te konumohe ko tōna matotoru iti iho i te maitai, e whakaiti nui ana i te taumaha o te kaipuke. Ka whai hua tēnei whakaiti taumaha ki te pumau, te kaha kawenga, me te pai o te whakamahinga wahie.
He pai rawa atu te ātete o te konumohe ki te waikura nā te mea he paparanga waikura tūturu tōna. Heoi, i roto i ngā mahi moana, me tiaki tonu, inā koa hei ārai i te waikura karawaka ina pā te konumohe ki ētahi atu konganuku pēnei i te maitai, te parahi rānei i roto i ngā āhuatanga mākū/tote. He mea nui te whakamahinga tika o ngā ārai, ngā paninga, me te hoahoa hononga.
Hei tāpiri atu ki tēnā, me whai tikanga me ngā pūkenga motuhake te whakarewa konumohe. Ko te whakahaere i te hē o te wera, te whiriwhiri i te whakakī, me te tirotiro i te kounga o te whakarewa he mea nui ki te pupuri i te kaha o te hanganga.
5) Parahi, Parahi, me te Parahi mō ngā Pūnaha Paipa me ngā Wāhanga Motuhake
He whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā konganuku parahi i roto i ngā pūnaha e hiahia ana kia ātete ki te waikura o te moana, me ngā āhuatanga motuhake e ārai ana i te poke koiora. Kāore i te maha te whakamahinga o te parahi parakore mō ngā hanganga, engari he mea noa ngā koranu pēnei i te parahi me te parahi mō ngā wāhanga moana.
Ko ngā tono noa ko:
– Ngā takirere, ngā hononga, me ngā wāhanga papu
– Ētahi pūwero me ngā peera
– Porowhita (he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te nikara-konumohe parahi/NAB)
– Whakawhiti wera (i runga i te hoahoa me ngā whakaritenga)
E mōhiotia ana te parahi, inā koa ētahi koranu, he mea tino pai mō ngā poroporo moana nā tōna kaha, tōna ātete ki te waikura, me te ātete ki te pirau. Heoi, me whakarite te kōwhiringa koranu ki ngā āhuatanga mahi, nā te mea ka taea e ētahi koranu parahi (ina koa ko te parahi) te memeha mēnā ka roa te wā e pāngia ana e te wai moana.
6) Te Nikara me ōna Koranu mō ngā Taiao Tino Kino
I roto i ngā kaipuke he whakaritenga motuhake—pērā i ngā kaipuke tukatuka moana, ētahi kaikawe matū, ngā pūnaha mīhini pāmahana-tiketike rānei—ka taea te whakamahi i ngā koranu nikara pērā i a Monel, i a Inconel rānei. He tino pai ēnei koranu ki te ātete ki te waikura (tae atu ki te ātete ki te wai moana) me te ātete ki te pāmahana-tiketike.
Nā te nui o te utu, ka whakamahia noa ngā koranu nikara ki ngā wāhanga tino nui, pērā i ngā wāhanga papu, i ētahi pūnaha paipa, i ngā wāhanga miihini me te putanga hau e pāngia ana e ngā āhuatanga kino.
7) Titanium mō ngā Whakamahinga Motuhake Utu-Tiketike
He tino pai te ōwehenga kaha-ki-taumaha o te Titanium, ā, he tino ātete ki te waikura i roto i te wai moana. Heoi, nā te nui o ngā rauemi me ngā utu hanga ka whakawhāiti i tōna whakamahinga i roto i ngā kaipuke arumoni whānui. He nui ake te kitea o te Titanium i roto i ngā tono hōia, i ngā kaipuke ruku, i ngā wāhanga motuhake rānei pērā i ngā whakawhiti wera i roto i ētahi pūnaha e hiahia ana kia roa te mau me te iti o te taumaha.
Ngā Take Hiranga mō te Kōwhiri i te Mea Whakarewa mō ngā Waka
Ahakoa he tirohanga whānui te rārangi o ngā konganuku i runga ake nei, ehara i te mea ko "te konganuku kaha rawa" anake te mea e whiriwhiria ana e ngā miihini moana. E whai whakaaro ana ngā miihini moana ki ētahi āhuatanga matua, tae atu ki:
1. Ngā rautaki ātete me te tiaki i te waikura (te paninga, te katote, te hoahoa waikeri)
2. Te kaha, te pakari, me te ātete ngenge nā ngā ngaru me ngā wiri
3. Ngāwari o te hanga (te tapahi, te hanga, te whakarewa, te tirotiro NDT)
4. Te utu mō te huringa ora (utu rauemi + tiaki + wā kore mahi)
5. Te whakatutuki i ngā ture whakarōpūtanga me ngā paerewa haumaru
6. Te mōrearea o te waikura konukōre i roto i ngā huinga o ngā konganuku rerekē
Te Katinga
Ko ngā konganuku e whakamahia ana i roto i te hanganga kaipuke ka tīpakohia i runga i te whakataurite pai i waenga i te mahi, te ātete ki te waikura, te ngāwari o te hanga, me te utu. Ko ngā maitai waro me ngā maitai kaha-teitei tonu ngā rauemi matua mō ngā hanganga anga nā tō rātou kaha me te ōhanga, ko te maitai kore waikura, te konumohe, te koranu parahi, te koranu nikara, me te titanium ka whakakī i ngā mahi motuhake i runga i ngā whakaritenga whakahaere. Mā te whiriwhiri rauemi tika me te tiaki tika, ka taea e ngā kaipuke te whakahaere haumaru me te whai hua mō ngā tekau tau, ahakoa i roto i ngā taiao moana tino kaha.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te whakarerekē i tēnei tuhinga kia nui ake te hangarau (hei tauira, te tāpiri i ngā tauira o ngā tohu maitai kaipuke, ngā paerewa whakarōpūtanga, ngā rangahau take rānei mō te kōwhiringa rauemi mō ngā momo kaipuke motuhake).
