Ngā Momo Kano Kano me ō rātou Whai Huatanga
Ko ngā kano kano tētahi o ngā whakatutukitanga nui rawa atu i roto i te hauora tūmatanui. Mā te whakaoho i te pūnaha ārai mate kia kite me te whawhai ki ngā mate tuku iho, ka āwhina ngā kano kano ki te ārai i ngā mate pāwera, te whakaiti i te mate, me te whakaiti i te mōrearea o ngā raruraru nui me te mate. Heoi, he maha ngā pātai e ara ake ana: he aha ngā momo kano kano e wātea ana, me pēhea te mahi, me te whai huatanga (whai huatanga) o aua kano ki te tiaki i te tinana? Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ngā momo kano kano e whakamahia whānuitia ana , te ariā o te whai huatanga me ngā āhuatanga e awe ana i a ia.
He aha te whai huatanga o te kano kano?
Ko te whai huatanga o te kano ārai mate he mehua mō te pai o te ārai i te mate i raro i ngā tikanga whakamātautau haumanu e whakahaeretia ana. Ko te whai huatanga ka whakaatuhia i te ōrau. Hei tauira ngāwari, ko te whai huatanga 90% ko te mōrearea o te whakawhanake i te mate i roto i te rōpū i werohia he iti ake i te rōpū kāore i werohia i roto i te rangahau. Kāore i rite ki te whai huatanga, ko te kupu "whai huatanga o te kano ārai mate" e pā ana ki te mahi a te kano ārai mate i te ao tūturu, e pāngia ana e te rerekētanga o te taupori, te piri ki te kaupapa werohanga, te mekameka makariri, me te putanga mai o ngā momo mate pāwera.
He mea nui kia maumahara kāore ngā tatauranga whai huatanga e whakaata i te parenga i ngā putanga katoa o te mate. He tino whai hua te nuinga o ngā kano kano ki te ārai i ngā mate kino me te mate, ahakoa he iti ake tō rātou whai huatanga ki ngā mate ngawari, ngā mate kāore he tohu. Nō reira, ko te whakamaoritanga i te whai huatanga me whai whakaaro ki te mutunga e inehia ana: te mate, ngā tohu, te whakaurunga ki te hōhipera, te mate rānei.
1) Kano ārai ora kua whakaitihia
Ka whakamahia e ngā kano ārai mate ora kua whakaitihia ngā mate pāwera ora (ngā huaketo, ngā huakita rānei) kua ngoikore kia kore ai e pāngia te hunga hauora. Nā te mea ka rite ki te mate tūturu, ka puta he urupare ārai mate kaha, roa hoki i ēnei kano ārai mate, he maha ngā wā kotahi, e rua rānei ngā horopeta.
Hei tauira: te kano kano mō te rewharewha, te korokoro, me ētahi kano kano mō te kirika kōwhai.
Whai Huatanga: He nui te pānga ki te ārai i ngā tohumate o te mate me te whakawhanake i te ārai mate mō te wā roa. Heoi, kāore i te tūtohutia tēnei kano ārai mate mō te hunga he nui te ngoikore o te ārai mate, ngā wāhine hapu rānei nā te mea he iti noa te tūponotanga o te mate e pā ana ki te kano ārai mate.
Ngā Painga: he kaha te urupare ārai mate, he roa te wā e tiakina ana.
Ngā huakore: me tino rokiroki, he mea whakahē i roto i ētahi rōpū.
2) Kano ārai mate (kano ārai mate/mate)
Ko ngā kano ārai mate kua whakakorengia he mea hanga mai i ngā mate pāwera kua patua mā roto i ngā tukanga matū, ā-tinana rānei. Nā te mea kāore e taea e ngā mate pāwera te whakaputa uri, he haumaru ake ēnei kano ārai mate mō ngā rōpū he ngoikore te pūnaha ārai mate, engari he maha ngā wā ka hiahiatia he horopeta maha me ngā whakanui hei pupuri i te tiakitanga.
Tauira: te kano ārai mate polio kua whakakorengia (IPV), te hepatitis A, te rabies, me ētahi kano ārai mate rewharewha.
Whai Huatanga: He rerekē, engari he pai te nuinga mō te ārai i ngā mate mena ka whai i te wātaka horopeta. Ko ētahi kano ārai mate kua tino piki ake te whai huatanga i muri i te horopeta whakanui.
Painga: pumau, haumaru mō te tini o ngā rōpū.
Ngā huakore: tera pea ka ngoikore ake te urupare ārai mate i ngā kano kano ora; me whakamahi he whakakaha.
3) Ngā kano ārai mate wāhanga-iti, recombinant, polysaccharide, me ngā kano ārai mate honohono
Kei roto i tēnei kāwai ngā kano kano e whakamahi ana i ngā wāhanga motuhake o te mate huaketo (hei tauira, ngā pūmua, ngā polysaccharides capsular rānei), kaua ko te rauropi katoa. Nā te mea he motuhake ngā wāhanga e tukuna ana, he ngawari ake ngā pānga taha ā-tinana, engari ko te kaha me te roa o te urupare ārai mate e whakawhirinaki ana ki te hanganga me ngā āwhina.
a) Ngā kano ārai mate wāhanga-iti/whakakotahi
Mā te whakamahi i ngā pūmua motuhake mai i ngā pathogens, e whakaputaina ana mā te whakamahi i te hangarau hangarau ira.
Hei tauira: te mate ate hepatitis B, te HPV, ētahi kano ārai mate maremare acellular.
Whai huatanga: he nui te pānga mō te ārai i te mate e pāngia ana, inā koa ka whāia te rārangi horopeta katoa.
b) Kano ārai mate polysaccharide
Te whakamahi i ngā polysaccharides mai i ngā kāpūnga kitakita. Mō ngā tamariki nohinohi, kāore pea i te tino pai te urupare a te ārai mate ki ngā polysaccharides parakore.
Tauira: te kano ārai mate polysaccharide pneumococcal (PPSV23) i roto i ētahi rōpū.
c) Kano ārai mate honohono
Te whakakotahi i ngā polysaccharides me ngā pūmua kawe kia kaha ake ai te urupare a te pūnaha ārai mate (tae atu ki ngā pēpi) me te hanga mahara ārai mate.
Tauira: Hib (Haemophilus influenzae momo b), PCV (pneumococcal conjugate), meningococcal conjugate.
Whaihuatanga: he tino pai ki te whakaiti i ngā mate urutā, inā koa i roto i ngā tamariki, ā, ka taea hoki te whakaiti i te horapa mā te pānga ārai mate kahui.
4) Kano ārai mate Toxoid
Ko ētahi mate kino ka puta mai i ngā paitini i hangaia e ngā huakita, kaua ko ngā huakita tonu. Ka whakamahia e ngā kano kano toxoid ngā paitini kua kore e whakahohehia, ka kore ai e kino engari ka taea tonu te whakaoho i te hanganga o ngā paturopi ārai paitini.
Tauira: te diphtheria me te tetanus (i te nuinga o te wā ka honoa te DPT/DTaP/Tdap).
Whaihuatanga: he tino kaha ki te ārai i ngā mate kino i puta mai i ngā paitini, engari me whakamahi tonu i ngā whakakaha i ia wā, i te mea ka memeha haere te ārai mate i roto i te wā.
Ngā Painga: tino whai hua ki ngā raruraru kino.
Ngā huakore: me whai wātaka whakakaha.
5) Ngā kano ārai mate huaketo
Ka whakamahia e tēnei kano ārai mate tētahi atu huaketo "kore kino" hei waka (kawe) hei kawe i ngā rauemi ira e whakamārama ana i ngā antigens o te pathogen ūnga. Kātahi ka whakaputahia e ngā pūtau o te tinana ēnei antigens, ka whakaoho i te urupare ārai mate.
Hei tauira: ko ētahi kano ārai mate COVID-19 he adenovirus te pūtake.
Whaihuatanga: ka teitei pea, inā koa mō te ārai i ngā mate kino. Heoi, ko te whaihuatanga ki te ārai i te mate ka pāngia pea e te ārai mate o mua ki te kawe (hei tauira, te pānga o mua ki te adenovirus), me ngā huringa o te momo huaketo ūnga.
Ngā Painga: ka whakaoho i ngā urupare ārai mate pai mō te kiri me te pūtau.
Ngā huakore: ngā raruraru ārai mate mō te hunga kawe mate, me te hiahia hoki mō ngā rautaki whakatairanga e tika ana.
6) kano ārai mRNA
Kei roto i ngā kano kano mRNA ngā tohutohu ira (mRNA) kia puta ai ngā matū motuhake i roto i ngā pūtau o te tinana (hei tauira, ngā pūmua mata huaketo). Kāore te mRNA e tomo ki te pūtake pūtau, ā, ka pirau i muri i te whakamahinga. Mā tēnei hangarau ka taea te whakawhanake tere me te ngāwari i te kano kano.
Hei tauira: ētahi kano ārai mate COVID-19.
Whai Huatanga: I ngā whakamātautau haumanu tōmua ki ētahi momo mate, ka tino teitei te whai huatanga ki te ārai i ngā tohumate o te mate. I roto i te mahi, ka rerekē pea te mahi i runga i te putanga mai o ngā momo rerekētanga, te wā i waenga i ngā werohanga, me ngā āhuatanga takitahi. Heoi, ko te parenga ki te hōhipera me te mate ka mau tonu te kaha, inā koa i muri i te whakamahi i te whakakaha.
Ngā Painga: te tere o te whanaketanga, te kaha o te urupare ārai mate.
Ngā ngoikoretanga: ētahi whakaritenga rokiroki matao (i runga i te hua), ā, ka whakaitihia pea te whai huatanga ki ētahi momo kāore i whakareihia.
Ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te whai huatanga me te whai huatanga
1. Te pakeketanga me ngā āhuatanga hauora: Tērā pea he iti ake te urupare a te hunga kaumātua me te hunga whai mate pūnaha ārai mate.
2. Te horopeta me te wātaka whakanui: He maha ngā kano kano e hiahia ana kia whai horopeta katoa kia pai ai te tiakitanga.
3. Ngā momo mate urutā: Ka taea e ngā whakarerekētanga ira te whakarerekē i te pūmua, kia kore ai e taea e ngā paturopi te kite i a ia.
4. Te mekameka makariri me te tikanga whakahaere: Ka pāngia te kounga o te kano kano e ngā tikanga rokiroki me te werohanga.
5. Te wā mai i te werohanga: Tērā pea ka heke te kaha ārai mate (te ngoikore o te kaha ārai mate), nō reira me tāpiri he rongoā whakapakari.
6. Ngā pūwāhi i inehia: He rerekē te whai huatanga ki te mate urutā i te whai huatanga ki te mate kino.
Whakamutunga
He rerekē ngā momo kano ārai mate, mai i ngā kano ārai mate ora kua whakaitihia ki ngā kano ārai mate mRNA, he rerekē ngā painga, ngā herenga, me ngā āhuatanga whai hua o ia kano ārai mate. Mā te mārama ki ēnei rerekētanga ka āwhina i a tātou ki te aromatawai tika ake i ngā mōhiohio kano ārai mate. Ehara i te mea ko te whai huatanga teitei anake te mehua o te angitu; ko te mea nui ko te kaha o te kano ārai mate ki te whakaiti i te mōrearea o te mate kino, ngā raruraru, me te mate, tae atu ki tōna takoha ki te ārai mate kahui. Mēnā he pai te kapinga kano ārai mate me te wātaka whakanui tika, ko ngā kano ārai mate tonu te rautaki tino whai hua mō te whakahaere i ngā mate pāwera puta noa i ngā taupori kanorau.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te whakarerekē i tēnei tuhinga ki te horopaki Initonīhia (hei tauira, tāpirihia he tauira o tētahi kaupapa werohanga taketake katoa) ka taea rānei te whakarerekē i te momo tuhituhi kia mārama ake, me ngā tohutoro anō hoki.
