Me pēhea te hanga taura hiko mō ngā mahi ahumahi
He wāhanga nui ngā taura hiko i roto i ngā ahumahi maha e hiahia ana ki te hiko hei whakahaere i ngā mīhini me ngā taputapu. Ko te tukanga hanga taura hiko mō ngā tono ahumahi e hiahia ana ki ngā hangarau matatau me ngā rauemi kounga teitei. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ngā mahi o te hanga taura hiko, mai i te kōwhiringa rauemi ki te whakamātautau whakamutunga.
Kōwhiringa Rauemi
Ka tīmata te tukanga hanga taura hiko mā te whiriwhiri i ngā rauemi mō te kawe hiko me te ārai hiko. Ko ngā rauemi mō te kawe hiko e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te parahi me te konumohe. Ka whiriwhiria te parahi nā te mea he nui tōna kawe hiko, he ātete ki te waikura, me te ngāwari. Ka whakamahia hoki te konumohe nā te mea he mama ake, he iti ake hoki te utu, ahakoa he iti ake tōna kawe hiko i te parahi.
Ko te ārai he rauemi e whakamahia ana hei tiaki i te taura mai i ngā pokanoa o waho. Ko ngā rauemi ārai noa ko te PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride), te PE (Polyethylene), te XLPE (Cross-linked Polyethylene), me te EPR (Ethylene Propylene Rubber). Ko te whiriwhiri i te momo ārai e whakawhirinaki ana ki te whakamahinga motuhake o te taura, tae atu ki te ngaohiko, te pāmahana, me ngā āhuatanga taiao.
Tukanga Hanga Taura
1. Te Tukanga Rewa me te Maka
Ka whakarewahia ngā rauemi kawe hiko, pērā i te parahi, te konumohe rānei, i roto i te oumu i ngā pāmahana teitei. Mā tēnei tukanga whakarewa ka tangohia ngā poke, ā, ka whakarite kia parakore te konganuku. Kia rewa, ka makahia te konganuku rewa ki roto i ngā pokepoke hei hanga i ngā poro, i ngā pereki rānei.
2. Te Tango Waea
Kātahi ka tukatukahia te pito whakarewa mā te kukume waea. Ko tēnei tukanga he whakaiti i te diameter o te pito mā te kukume mā roto i tētahi raupapa o ngā mata iti ake. Ka mahia te kukume waea i roto i ētahi wāhanga hei whakatutuki i te diameter e hiahiatia ana, hei whakanui ake hoki i te kaha me te ngāwari o te waea. Me whakamahi ngā mīhini kukume waea tino tika mō tēnei tukanga.
3. Te whakamahana
I muri i te kukume, ka pāngia te waea parahi, te waea konumohe rānei e te tukanga whakamahana. Ko te whakamahana ko te whakamahana i te konganuku ki tētahi pāmahana motuhake, kātahi ka whakamatao mārire. Ko te kaupapa o te whakamahana he whakaiti i ngā ahotea o roto, me te whakanui ake i te ngāwari me te kawe hiko o te waea.
4. Te Taunga Waea
He maha ngā wā e hiahiatia ana he neke atu i te kotahi te ara iahiko mō ngā taura ahumahi. Nō reira, ka whakarōpūhia, ka herea rānei ngā waea kia kotahi te ara iahiko. Ka taea tēnei whakarōpūtanga te noho hei waea kotahi, hei taura takirua miro, hei taura maha-ara iahiko rānei, i runga i te whakamahinga e hiahiatia ana.
5. Te Whakaputa Ārai
I muri i te tukanga whakarōpū, ko te taahiraa e whai ake nei ko te tāpiri i te whakamarumaru ki te waea. Ka kiia tēnei tukanga ko te extrusion. I roto i te extrusion, ka pania te waea arataki ki tētahi rauemi whakamarumaru wera, ka tukuna mā roto i tētahi mata hei hanga i tētahi paparanga ōrite huri noa i te arataki. Mā tēnei tukanga ka tiakina te taura mai i ngā ara iahiko poto me ētahi atu pokanoa hiko.
6. Tukanga Whakamātautau me te Tākai Tāpiri
Kātahi ka whakamātauria ngā taura kua whakamahanatia kia mau ai te kaha me te kounga o te whakamahana. Kei roto i tēnei whakamātautau te ine i te ātete o te whakamahana ki te ngaohiko hiko me ētahi atu whakamātautau e ai ki ngā paerewa ahumahi. I muri i te paahitanga o te whakamātautau, me pania ētahi atu taura ahumahi, pērā i te uhi whakarewa hei tiaki miihini, i te mata rānei hei whakaiti i te pokanoa hikohiko.
Whakamātautau Whakamutunga
I mua i te hokohoko i ngā taura hiko mō ngā mahi ahumahi, me whai i ētahi whakamātautau kounga whakamutunga. Kei roto i ēnei whakamātautau:
1. Whakamātautau Ngaohiko Teitei
Ka whakamātauria ngā taura i te ngaohiko tiketike kia mōhio ai ka taea e ngā ārai te tu atu i te ngaohiko mahi kua tohua me te kore e pakaru.
2. Whakamātautau Pūmau Mīhini
Mā te whakamātautau manawanui ā-mīhini ka taea e ngā taura te tu atu ki ngā ahotea ā-tinana pērā i te kukume, te piko, me te pēhi. He mea nui tēnei whakamātautau mō ngā mahi ahumahi e tika ana kia tu atu ngā taura i ngā āhuatanga taiao tino kino.
3. Whakamātautau Aroturuki
Ka mahia tēnei whakamātautau hei whakarite kei te taura te kawe hiko e hiahiatia ana mō tētahi tono motuhake. Kei roto i tēnei ko te ine i te ātete o te kawe hiko me te whakarite kei te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga.
4. Whakamātautau Taiao
Ka whakamātauria hoki ngā taura mō te ātete ki ngā āhuatanga taiao pēnei i te pāmahana teitei, te haumākū, me ngā matū. Mā tēnei whakamātautau ka taea te whakamahi i ngā taura i raro i te whānuitanga o ngā āhuatanga mahi me te kore e pakaru.
Te Whakapūmautanga me te Tiwhikete
Me tutuki i ia taura hiko ahumahi ngā paerewa o te ao pēnei i te IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission), IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), ISO (International Organization for Standardization) rānei. Mā tēnei tiwhikete ka whakarite kia hangaia, kia whakamatautauria hoki te taura kia rite ki ngā paerewa kua whakatūria, kia pai ai te kounga me te haumaru mō ngā kaiwhakamahi mutunga.
Ngā Taupānga Taura Hiko Ahumahi
He whānuitia ngā tono o ngā taura hiko i hangaia mā tēnei tukanga pakari i roto i te rāngai ahumahi, tae atu ki:
1. Taura Hiko
Whakamahia hei tuku me te tohatoha i te hiko i roto i ngā whakaurunga ahumahi. Me āhei ēnei taura ki te tu atu i ngā iahiko teitei, ā, me whai ārai atu anō hoki i te pokanoa hikohiko.
2. Taura Taputapu
Hei hono i ngā taputapu ine me te whakahaere i roto i ngā tukanga ahumahi. Ka angitu te tuku tohu a ēnei taura me te iti o te pokanoa, ā, he maha ngā wā ka rite ki te parenga mai i te pokanoa hikohiko.
3. Taura Whakahaere
Ka whakamahia ēnei taura hei whakahaere i ngā mīhini me ngā taputapu ahumahi, me ngāwari, me kaha hoki ki te tu atu i ngā āhuatanga taiao tino kino.
4. Taura Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero
Whakamahia mō te tuku raraunga i roto i ngā whatunga ahumahi. Mā tēnei taura ka whakarite kia tere, kia pono hoki te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i waenga i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te pūnaha ahumahi.
Whakamutunga
He tukanga uaua te tukanga hanga taura hiko mō ngā mahi ahumahi, e uru ana ki ngā wāhanga maha, mai i te whiriwhiri rauemi ki te whakamātautau whakamutunga. Kua hangaia ia taahiraa o tēnei tukanga hei whakarite kia tutuki i ngā taura hua ngā paerewa kounga me te haumaru pakari. He mea nui ngā rauemi kounga teitei, ngā hangarau matatau, me te whakamātautau pakari ki te whakaputa taura pono me te pakari hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia pūngao me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero o ngā momo rāngai ahumahi. Mā te māramatanga hohonu ki tēnei tukanga hanga, ka taea e ngā ahumahi te whiriwhiri i ngā taura tika mō ā rātou mahi motuhake, kia pai ai te mahi me te haumaru.
