Ngā Akoranga Take mō ngā Rū Whenua Nui o te Ao
Kei te neke haere tonu te Ao nā te nekehanga o ngā pereti tectonic i raro i tōna mata. I ētahi wā ka hua ake he rū whenua nā tēnei nekehanga, he rū ohorere, he ru kaha ka taea te whakangaro whānui. I roto i ngā rautau kua pahure ake nei, kua pā nui ngā rū whenua nui ki ngā hapori tangata, e awe ana i ngā mahi hoahoanga, ngā tikanga urupare ohorere, me te māramatanga pūtaiao. E arotakehia ana e tēnei tuhinga ētahi o ngā rū whenua nui rawa atu o te ao, e tūhuratia ana ō rātou take, ō rātou pānga, me ngā akoranga i akohia mai i ēnei huihuinga kino.
Te Rū Whenua o San Francisco i te tau 1906
I te 18 o Āperira, 1906, i pāngia a San Francisco e tētahi o ngā rū whenua tino kino rawa atu i roto i te hītori o te Hononga o Amerika. Ko te kaha o te rū whenua he 7.9 pea, ā, i waenganui i te San Andreas Fault. Tata ki te meneti te roa o te rū whenua, engari i hua ake he ahi nui i horomia ai te tāone mō ngā rā e toru.
Nā te pānga o te rū whenua me te ahi i mate ai te 3,000 tāngata, ā, neke atu i te 225,000 tāngata i kore kāinga. Tata ki te 80% o te tāone i whakangaromia, tae atu ki ngā hanganga rongonui me ngā hanganga. Nā te aituā i puta ai ngā panonitanga nui ki ngā ture hanga whare me ngā paerewa haumaru ahi.
Ngā Akoranga i Akohia: I whakakitea e te rū whenua o te tau 1906 te hiranga o ngā rauemi hanga ātete ahi me te hiahia mō ngā tikanga urupare tere. I whakanuia anō hoki te hiranga o ngā mahi hangarau whakapai ake, inā koa i ngā tāone e tata ana ki ngā rārangi hapa.
Te Rūwhenua me te Tai Āniwaniwa o Tōhoku i te tau 2011
Kāore a Hapani i te tauhou ki ngā rū whenua, engari ko te rū whenua o Tōhoku i te tau 2011 te mea e tūwhera ana nā tōna kaha me ōna pānga kino. I te 11 o Poutū-te-rangi, 2011, i pā mai he rū whenua 9.0 te kaha ki te takutai raki-mā-rāwhiti o Hapani. Kāore i te mea nā tēnei rū whenua i hua ake ai he ru nui, engari i puta ai hoki he tsunami nui, me ngā ngaru neke atu i te 30 mita te teitei.
I horomia e te tsunami ngā hapori katoa, ā, neke atu i te 15,000 ngā mate, ā, i kino rawa atu hoki te tipu hiko karihi o Fukushima Daiichi. Nā te aituā karihi i hua ake ai te raruraru i kino rawa atu ai, ā, i hua ake ai he rerenga whānui me te poke o te taiao mō te wā roa.
Ngā Akoranga i Akohia: I whakaatuhia e te rū whenua o Tōhoku ngā ngoikoretanga o ngā whare karihi ki ngā āhuatanga āwhati taiao. Nā tēnei i arotake anō te ao i ngā paerewa haumaru karihi me te whakarite mō ngā āhuatanga ohorere. I whakapai ake hoki a Hapani i ana pūnaha whakatūpato tsunami me ngā pareparenga takutai hei whakaiti i ngā mōrearea ā muri ake nei.
Te Rū Whenua me te Tai Āniwaniwa o te Moana Inia i te tau 2004
Ko tētahi o ngā āituā taiao tino whakamate o te hītori o ēnei rā, ko te rū whenua o te Moana Inia i te tau 2004, i puta i te 26 o Hakihea i te takutai o Sumatra, Initonīhia. Ko te kaha o te rū whenua i waenganui i te 9.1 ki te 9.3, ko tētahi o ngā rū whenua nui rawa atu kua tuhia. I pāngia e te tsunami i muri mai ngā whenua 14, ā, neke atu i te 230,000 ngā mate.
I whakangaromia ngā hapori katoa, inā koa i Initonīhia, i Thailand, i Īnia, me Sri Lanka. Nā te nui o te aituā i puta ai he uruparenga ā-tangata nui o te ao, ā, i hua ake ai he whanaketanga nui i roto i te whakarite mō ngā aituā me ngā pūnaha whakatūpato mō ngā tsunami.
Ngā Akoranga i Akohia: I whakanuia e te aituā te hiahia mō tētahi pūnaha whakatūpato āniwaniwa ā-ao whai hua. E whakaatu ana hoki i te hiranga o te mātauranga ā-hapori me te whakarite mō ngā aituā, ka taea ai te whakaiti i te mate.
Te Rū Whenua o Haiti i te tau 2010
I te 12 o Hānuere, 2010, i pā mai he rū whenua 7.0 te kaha ki Haiti, tētahi o ngā whenua rawakore rawa atu o te Ao Hauāuru. Nā te rū whenua i kino rawa atu te tāone matua, a Port-au-Prince, ā, tata ki te 230,000 ngā tāngata i mate, ā, neke atu i te 1.5 miriona ētahi atu i peia atu.
Nā te koretake o ngā hanganga o Haiti me te kore o te whakarite mō ngā āhuatanga ohorere i kaha ake ai te pānga o te rū. I hinga ngā whare, tae atu ki ngā kura me ngā hōhipera, ā, i tino whakararuraruhia ngā ratonga nui. I whakautu te hapori o te ao me te nui o ngā āwhina tangata, engari i whakararuhia ngā mahi e ngā wero whakahaere me te rawakore o mua.
Ngā Akoranga i Akohia: I whakaatuhia e te rū whenua o Haiti te hiahia nui kia whakapai ake i te manawanui ki ngā rū whenua i roto i ngā whenua whakawhanake. I whakaatuhia e ia ko te haumi ki ngā hanganga pakari, te whakarite mō ngā āhuatanga kino, me te mātauranga hapori ka tino whakaiti i ngā ngoikoretanga.
Te Rū Whenua Nui o Chile i te tau 1960
I te 22 o Mei, 1960, i pā te rū whenua nui rawa atu i tuhia ki te tonga o Chile. Nā te rū whenua 9.5 te kaha i hua mai ai he raupapa o ngā tsunami i pā ki te takutai moana o Chile, ā, i pā kino hoki ki ngā wāhi tawhiti tae atu ki Hapani me Philippines. Neke atu i te 5,000 ngā mate me ngā mate ōhanga nui i puta mai i te aituā.
Nā ngā ture hanga whare pakari o Chile me ngā mahi whakarite mō ngā āhuatanga ohorere i whakaiti i ētahi o ngā pānga o te rū whenua, engari i horapa tonu te whakangaromanga. I whakanuia e te huihuinga te hiahia kia whakapai tonu i te aroturukitanga me te whakarite mō ngā rū whenua.
Ngā Akoranga i Akohia: I whakanuia e te rū whenua o Chile te hiranga o te mahi tahi a te ao ki te aroturuki me te whakaiti i ngā pānga o ngā ru whenua. I whakaatuhia hoki ko te haumi ki ngā ture hanga whare pakari me te whakarite hapori ka taea te whakaiti i ngā pānga o aua āhuatanga kino.
Te Rū Whenua o Sichuan i te tau 2008
I te 12 o Mei, 2008, i pāngia te kawanatanga o Haina o Sichuan e te rū whenua 7.9 te kaha. Tata ki te 87,000 ngā mate i puta mai i te rū whenua, ā, he tokomaha atu i whara, i nekehia rānei te kāinga. Nā te aituā i tino pāngia ai te whenua, inā koa i ngā tāone iti, ā, i hinga ngā kura, ā, he maha ngā tamariki i mate.
Nā te rū whenua o Sichuan i huri te motu whānui ki ngā paerewa hanga whare me ngā tikanga urupare ohorere. I puta hoki te nui o ngā āwhina ā-rohe me ā-ao, e whakaatu ana i te hiranga o te manawanui o te hapori i te wā o te aituā.
Ngā Akoranga i Akohia: I whakaatu te rū whenua o Sichuan i te hiahia nui mō ngā ture hanga whare pakari me te whakamana, inā koa mō ngā hanganga tūmatanui pēnei i ngā kura. E whakaatu ana hoki i te hiranga o ngā pūnaha urupare ohorere tere me te whai hua.
Opaniraa
E whakaatu ana ēnei rangahau take mō ngā rū whenua nui i te kaha kino o ngā huihuinga rū whenua me te hiranga o te whakarite, te hanganga pakari, me ngā tikanga urupare ohorere whai hua. Ahakoa kāore e taea te ārai i ngā rū whenua, ka taea e ngā akoranga i akohia mai i ēnei huihuinga te āwhina i te whakaiti i ōna pānga, te whakaora i ngā oranga me te whakaiti i ngā mate ōhanga.
He nui ngā māramatanga kua puta mai i ia rū whenua mō te āhua o ngā tūponotanga rū whenua me te uauatanga o te urupare ki ngā āhuatanga kino. Mā te ako i ēnei kaupapa, ka taea e ngā hapori o te ao te whakarite pai ake mō te rū whenua nui e whai ake nei, kia kaha ake ai te manawanui o ngā hapori, kia iti ake ai hoki te ngoikore ki ngā pānga kino o ngā rū whenua.
