Te Whare Rongoā Tamariki me ōna Wero
Ko te rongoā tamariki he peka o te pūtaiao me te mahi rongoā e aro ana ki te whakamahinga o ngā rongoā i roto i ngā pēpi, ngā tamariki, me ngā taiohi. Kāore e taea te kī he "pakeke iti" tēnei rōpū tau nā te mea he rerekē ō rātou āhuatanga ā-tinana, ā-hinengaro, ā-pāpori hoki. Ka pā ēnei rerekētanga ki te mimiti, te tohatoha, te whakapūngao, me te whakaputanga o ngā rongoā e te tinana. He mea nui te whiriwhiri tika i te rongoā, te tatau i te horopeta, te momo horopeta, me te tikanga whakahaere. Hei tāpiri, kei te uaua haere ngā wero i roto i te rongoā tamariki nā te maha o ngā hiahia rongoā, te iti o ngā raraunga whakamātautau haumanu i roto i ngā tamariki, me ngā whakaritenga haumaru teitei.
Te ahurei o ngā tūroro tamariki i roto i te rongoā
He tere te tipu me te whanaketanga o ngā tamariki. I roto i tētahi wā poto noa iho, ka puta he panoni nui ki te taumaha o te tinana, te hanganga wai o te tinana, te mahi a ngā okana, me te kaha o ngā pūnaha whākōkī ate me te whatukuhu. Ka pā tika ēnei panoni ki te pharmacokinetics (te tauhohenga a te tinana ki ngā rongoā) me te pharmacodynamics (te pānga o ngā rongoā ki te tinana).
Hei tauira, he nui ake te wai o te tinana o ngā pēpi hou i ngā pakeke, nō reira he whānui ake te horapa o ngā rongoā wairewa-wai. I taua wā, kāore anō kia pakari te mahi a te ate me te whatukuhu, nō reira ka roa ake te noho o ētahi rongoā i roto i te tinana, ka nui ake te tūponotanga o te paitini. Mō ngā tamariki pakeke ake, ka tere ake te pākia o te tinana i ngā pakeke mō ētahi rongoā, ā, me whakarerekē te horopeta, te auau rānei o te whakahaerenga. Nā ēnei huringa, me aro turuki tata atu te rongoā i ngā tūroro tamariki me te māramatanga haumanu hōhonu.
Ko te wero matua: te whakatau tika i te horopeta
Ko tētahi o ngā wero nui rawa atu i roto i te rongoā tamariki ko te inenga. Ko ngā inenga a ngā tamariki ka tatauhia i runga i te taumaha tinana (mg/kg) te horahanga mata tinana rānei (mg/m²). He māmā noa iho te āhua o ēnei tataunga, engari he ngāwari ki te hapa, inā koa i ngā wāhi haumanu pukumahi, i ngā wā rānei kāore i te tika, kua tawhito rānei ngā raraunga taumaha. Mēnā he hapa iti te tatau i te inenga mō te pakeke, kāore pea i te nui, engari mō ngā pēpi, mō ngā tamariki nohinohi rānei, mā te iti o te rerekētanga ka nui te nui o te horopeta, te iti rawa rānei o te horopeta.
Ko tētahi atu take ko te noho o ngā rohenga horopeta mōrahi. I roto i te mahi, me whakataurite tonu ngā horopeta i tatauhia i runga i te taumaha o te tinana ki te rohenga horopeta mōrahi o te pakeke hei ārai i te nui rawa o te horopeta. He mahi nui tā ngā kaiwhakaora rongoā hei kaitirotiro takirua motuhake, hei whakarite i te horopeta tika, hei whakaaro ki te mahi a ngā okana, me te aromatawai i ngā taunekeneke rongoā pea.
He iti noa ngā rongoā e wātea ana mō ngā tamariki
He maha ngā rongoā e wātea ana i te mākete kua hangaia mō ngā pakeke, i runga i te kaha o te horopeta me te āhua o te horopeta. He maha ngā wā ka hiahiatia he horopeta iti ake mō ngā tamariki, me ngā āhua ngāwari ake ki te horomi. Heoi, kāore e wātea ana ngā rongoā katoa i roto i te tirikara, i te pata, i te papa wairewa rānei. Nō reira, me whakarerekē ētahi e ngā tohunga hauora: te wehewehe i ngā papa, te kuru me te whakaranu ki te kai, te whakarite rānei i ngā wai i roto i te wā poto.
Koinei te wāhi e puta ai ngā wero mō te haumaru. Kāore e puta tonu te horopeta tika i te wā e wehewehea ana ngā papa, inā koa kāore he rārangi wehewehe o te papa, kāore rānei i te ōrite te tohatoha o te ihirangi rongoā. Ka taea hoki e te kuru papa te whakarerekē i te āhua tukunga rongoā , inā koa i roto i ngā hanganga tuku-roa, i ngā hanganga paninga-whekau rānei, ka puta he pānga taha, ka whakaiti rānei i te whai huatanga. Me whai paerewa pakari hoki te whakakotahi i ngā hanganga wai: te whiriwhiri whakarewa, te pumau, te ōritetanga, me te rokiroki tika. Ki te kore he tikanga mārama, ka piki ake te mōrearea o ngā rerekētanga horopeta me te poke.
Ngā raruraru ki te reka me te whai i ngā rongoā
He mea nui te reka o te rongoā mō ngā tamariki. He kawa te reka o te nuinga o ngā rongoā, he kakara kino rānei, ka taea ai e ēnei te whakakāhore i ngā tamariki ki te tango i ā rātou rongoā. Ehara i te mea he take ngāwari noa iho tēnei engari he pānga anō hoki ki te angitu o te rongoā. Hei tauira, mā te kore e tango i ngā paturopi i te wā kua whakaritea, ka piki ake te tūponotanga o te kore angitu o te rongoā me te ātete ki ngā paturopi.
Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakaora rongoā te whai wāhi mā te whakarato mātauranga mō ngā tikanga whakahaere tika, te whakaaro i ngā tikanga hei whakaiti i ngā reka kino me te kore e whakararu i te mimiti o te rongoā, te tūtohu rānei i ngā momo horopeta e whakaaetia ana. Heoi, kāore i te wātea tonu ngā otinga, inā koa mō ngā rongoā nui e uaua ana ki te hanga anō.
Te kore o ngā raraunga whakamātautau haumanu i roto i ngā taupori tamariki
I ngā wā o mua, he maha ngā rongoā i whakamahia i roto i ngā tamariki i ahu mai i ngā raraunga pakeke i "whakamāoritia" ki ngā mahi pediatric. Nā te mea he herenga matatika, whakaritenga, me te utu ngā whakamātautau haumanu i roto i ngā tamariki. Heoi, he rerekē te urupare a ngā tamariki ki ngā rongoā, nō reira kāore i te tika te whakaputa mai i ngā pakeke. Nō reira, he mea noa ngā mahi kāore i te whai tapanga (te whakamahi i ngā rongoā i waho o te tohu kua whakaaetia, te horopeta, te awhe tau rānei) i roto i ngā mahi pediatric.
Ahakoa he mea tika te whakamahi i waho o te tapanga hei whakarato i te rongoā pai rawa atu, me aro turuki ake tēnei, me mārama te tuhituhi, me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero mārama ki ngā mātua. He mahi tā ngā kaiwhakaora rongoā haumanu ki te aromatawai i ngā taunakitanga hou, te paunatia o ngā painga me ngā mōrearea, me te āwhina i te tīma haumanu ki te whiriwhiri i te rongoā haumaru me te tino whai hua.
Te nui ake o te mōrearea o ngā hapa rongoā
He maha ngā āhuatanga ngoikore o te pūnaha rongoā tamariki: ngā tataunga horopeta, ngā whakananutanga, te whakamahinga o ngā taputapu ine kore-paerewa, tae atu ki te whakahaerenga a ngā mātua i te kāinga. Ka puta pea ngā hapa nā ngā waeine rerekē (mg vs. mL), te whakamahinga o ngā punetēpu hei taputapu ine, te pōhēhē rānei mō ngā wātaka rongoā. I roto i ngā hōhipera , ka puta pea ngā hapa i te wā e whakarite ana i ngā werohanga, inā koa mō ngā rongoā he whāiti te taupū rongoā pērā i te aminoglycosides, i ngā rongoā chemotherapy rānei.
Me whai huarahi pūnaha te ārai: te whakamahi i te rongoā hiko me te tātaitai inenga tamariki, te tapanga mārama, te kukū werohanga paerewa , me te whakangungu mō ngā kaimahi hauora. Mō ngā tūroro o waho, he mea āwhina te mātauranga mō te whakamahinga o ngā taputapu ine (ngā ngira waha), ngā whakaaturanga o te tukunga, me ngā mōhiohio tuhituhi ngāwari ki te mārama.
Ngā wero i roto i ngā āhuatanga motuhake: ngā pēpi hou me ngā mate pūmau
Ko ngā pēpi hou te rōpū tino ngoikore. Nā te koretake o ā rātou mahi okana, ka uaua te whiriwhiri me te horopeta o te rongoā. Hei tāpiri, he maha ngā wā ka rongoatia ngā pēpi hou ki te NICU me ngā maimoatanga uaua, tae atu ki te kai parenteral me ngā werohanga maha. Nā te iti o te urunga ki roto i ngā uaua, ka uaua ake te hototahitanga o te rongoā me te whakahaere raina IV.
Mō ngā tamariki e pāngia ana e ngā mate pūmau—pērā i te mate haurangi, te mate huango, te mate huka, te mate ngākau whānau, te mate pukupuku rānei—me nui te piripono me te aroturuki i te rongoā mō te wā roa mō ngā pānga taha. Me whakarerekē hoki te horopeta i ia wā mō te tipu o te tamaiti. Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakaora rongoā te āwhina mā te arotake rongoā ia wā, te aroturuki rongoā, me te tohutohu whānau mō te whakahaere rongoā i te kāinga.
Te tūranga o ngā kaiwhakaora rongoā i roto i te tīma tiaki hauora tamariki
I waenganui i ēnei wero, he mahi rautaki tā ngā kaiwhakaora rongoā. Ehara i te mea ko ngā kaiwhakaora rongoā anake te "whakarite i ngā rongoā," engari me whakarite hoki kia haumaru, kia whai hua, kia hāngai hoki te rongoā ki ngā hiahia o te tamaiti. Ko ā rātou mahi nui ko:
1. Te whakamana i te whakahaunga me te whakarerekētanga horopeta i runga i te taumaha o te tinana, te tau, te mahi a te whatukuhu/ate, me te āhua haumanu.
2. Te aroturuki i ngā taunekeneke rongoā me ngā pānga taha, tae atu ki ngā mate pāwera me te paitini.
3. Te whakakotahi i ngā whakaritenga tamariki pumau me te tika, me ngā tikanga paerewa hoki.
4. Te mātauranga mō ngā mātua me ngā tūroro, tae atu ki te whakamahi i ngā taputapu ine, ngā wātaka rongoā, me ngā tohu mōrearea.
5. Te mahi tahi a ngā tohunga ngaio me ngā tākuta me ngā nēhi ki te whakawhanake i ngā tikanga whakaora me ngā paerewa kukū rongoā.
Ngā aronga ā muri ake nei: te auahatanga me te whakapakari pūnaha
Ko te heke mai o te rongoā tamariki e tohu ana ki te whanaketanga o ngā whakatakotoranga e pai ana mō ngā tamariki, te whakanui ake i ngā rangahau haumanu tamariki, me te whakamahinga o te hangarau hei ārai i ngā hapa inenga. Ko ngā whakatakotoranga pēnei i ngā papa iti, ngā kiriata orodispersible, ngā whakaritenga huna-reka rānei he mea whai hua hei whakapai ake i te piripono ki ngā whakaritenga. I te taha pūnaha, ko te whakaurunga o ngā rekoata hauora hiko, te whakahaere rongoā waeherepae, me ngā aratohu inenga e ahu mai ana i ngā taunakitanga ka taea te whakaiti i ngā reiti hapa.
Hei tāpiritanga, he mea nui anō hoki te mātauranga tūmatanui. Me mārama ngā mātua kāore i te haumaru tonu te "whakaiti i te horopeta o ngā rongoā mō ngā pakeke", ā, he kino pea te whakamahi i ngā rongoā me te kore kōrero ki te tamaiti. Mā te whakapakari i ngā ture, te whakarite kia wātea ngā rongoā mō ngā tamariki, me te whakarato urunga atu ki ngā kaiwhakaora rongoā haumanu i roto i ngā whare hauora ka pai ake te kounga o te tiaki.
Whakamutunga
He mara e hiahia ana kia tino tika te mahi rongoā tamariki nā te mea he rerekē ngā āhuatanga o te tinana o ngā tamariki, ā, he rerekē hoki te urupare ki ngā rongoā i ngā pakeke. Ko ngā wero matua ko te whakatau i ngā horopeta tika, te iti o ngā whakatakotoranga e pai ana mō ngā tamariki, ngā take reka me te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga, te kore o ngā raraunga whakamātautau haumanu, me te nui o te mōrearea o ngā hapa rongoā. Ahakoa tēnei uauatanga, he tūranga nui tā ngā kaiwhakaora rongoā hei kaitiaki i te haumaru rongoā, hei hoa mātauranga whānau, hei mema hoki o te tīma ngaio. Mā te auahatanga whakatakotoranga, te whakapakari i ngā pūnaha ratonga, me te whakanui ake i ngā rangahau tamariki, ka taea e te rongoā rongoā i roto i ngā tamariki te noho haumaru, te whai hua, me te arotahi ki te manawanui.
