Ngā Tikanga Whakahaere Pūnaha Hihiri: Te Whakatere i ngā Uauatanga o ngā Pūnaha Hou
Ko ngā pūnaha hihiri te pūtake o ngā momo mara maha, mai i te miihini miihini ki te ōhanga me te koiora. Ko ēnei pūnaha, e tohuhia ana e ō rātou āhua e whanake tonu ana i roto i te wā, me whai tikanga whakahaere matatau kia pai ai te whanonga i roto i ngā huarahi e hiahiatia ana. I te whanaketanga o te hangarau me ngā tikanga, ka nui haere te uaua me te whakamīharo o te ao o te whakahaere pūnaha hihiri. Ka whai wāhi tēnei tuhinga ki ngā momo tikanga whakahaere pūnaha hihiri, e whakaatu ana i ō rātou mātāpono, ngā tono, me ngā painga me ngā wero e pā ana ki a rātou.
He Kupu Whakataki ki ngā Pūnaha Hihiri
Ka taea te whakaahua i tētahi pūnaha hihiri hei pūnaha e whanake haere ana tōna āhua i roto i te wā, e pāngia ana e ngā whakaurunga o waho. Ka whakatauirahia ēnei pūnaha mā te whakamahi i ngā whārite rerekētanga mō te wā tonu, ngā whārite rerekētanga rānei mō te wā motuhake. Ka whakamahia ngā tikanga whakahaere hei ārahi i te whanonga o te pūnaha ki te whakatutuki i ngā whāinga motuhake, ahakoa te pupuri i te pumau, te whai i tētahi ara, te arotau rānei i te mahi.
Ngā Tikanga Whakahaere Matarohia
Ko tētahi o ngā huarahi tuatahi me ngā huarahi tino taketake ki te whakahaere pūnaha hihiri ko te whakahaere matarohia, e whakauru ana i ngā tikanga pēnei i te whakahaere Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) me ngā compensators Lead/Lag.
– Mana Whakahaere PID: He taputapu whānui te mana whakahaere PID e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā momo ahumahi nā tōna māmā me tōna whai huatanga. E toru ngā wāhanga o tēnei:
– Mana whakahaere ōwehenga (P), e whakautu ōwehenga ana ki te hapa.
– Mana whakahaere whakauru (I), e whai whakaaro ana ki te hapa tāpiripiri i roto i te wā.
– Mana whakahaere pāhekoheko (D), e matapae ana i ngā hapa ā muri ake nei i runga i ngā au o nāianei.
Mā te whakatikatika i ēnei tawhā, ka taea te whakarite i ngā pūmana PID kia tika ai te whakatika i ngā hapa, kia pai ai mō ngā tono maha, pērā i te whakahaere pāmahana i roto i ngā oumu me te whakahaere tere i roto i ngā miihini motuka.
– Ngā Whakakore Ārahi/Whakaroa: Kua hangaia ēnei hei whakapai ake i te urupare rangitahi me te pumau o tētahi pūnaha. Ka tere ake te urupare a ngā whakakore ārahi, ka whakaiti i te whakaroa o te whanonga pūnaha, ko ngā whakakore whakaroa ia ka whakarei ake i te pumau me te pakari.
Mana Whakahaere Ā-Wāhi
Mō ngā pūnaha ahu-teitei me ngā pūnaha uaua ake, ka noho ko ngā tikanga whakahaere ā-āhua he mea nui. He rerekē ki ngā tikanga tawhito, he maha ngā wā he tāuru-kotahi putanga-kotahi (SISO), he pai ngā huarahi ā-āhua mō ngā pūnaha tāuru-maha putanga-maha (MIMO).
– Mana Urupare Ā-Wāhanga: Ka whakamahia e tēnei huarahi ngā taurangi āhua o te pūnaha hei hoahoa i tētahi ture whakahaere. Ko te tikanga tino noa ko te Kaiwhakahaere Tapawhā Raina (LQR), e whakaiti ana i tētahi mahi utu e whakataurite ana i te hapa āhua me te kaha whakahaere. Ka whakaratohia e te kaiwhakahaere LQR tētahi otinga tino pai, he whai hua, he pakari hoki.
– Mana Whakahaere e Hangai ana ki te Kaimātaki: I roto i ngā horopaki mahi maha, kāore e taea te ine tika i ngā taurangi āhua katoa. Ka whakatau tata ngā kaimātaki, pērā i te kaimātaki Luenberger, i ngā āhua kāore i inehia mā te whakamahi i ngā inenga e wātea ana me tētahi tauira hihiri. Kātahi ka taea te whakamahi i ngā āhua whakatau tata i roto i ngā pūmana urupare āhua, kia tika ai, kia whai hua ai hoki te whakahaere.
Mana Urutau
He maha ngā wā ka whakahaerehia ngā pūnaha hihiri i roto i ngā taiao koretake, rerekē hoki, me whai mana whakahaere ka taea te urutau ki ngā huringa. Ka whakarerekētia e ngā tikanga whakahaere urutau ā rātou whanonga i runga i te urupare wā-tūturu.
– Mana Whakahaere Tauira Tohutoro (MRAC): Kei roto i tēnei tikanga he tauira tohutoro e tautuhi ana i te whanonga pūnaha e hiahiatia ana. Ka whakarerekētia tonutia ngā tawhā kaiwhakahaere hei whakaiti i te rerekētanga i waenga i te putanga pūnaha tuturu me te putanga tauira tohutoro.
– Ngā Kaiwhakahaere Whaiaro-Whakatika (STR): Ka whakakotahi ngā STR i te tautuhi pūnaha me te hoahoa o te kaiwhakahaere. Ka tautuhia ngā tawhā o te pūnaha i te wā tūturu, ā, ka whakatikatikaina te kaiwhakahaere kia rite ki tēnā, kia pai ai te mahi ahakoa ngā huringa o te ao.
Mana Mana
Ka pā kino pea ngā āhuatanga koretake o ngā tawhā pūnaha, ngā raruraru rānei o waho ki te mahi a te pūnaha hihiri. Kua hangaia ngā tikanga whakahaere pakari hei pupuri i te mahi e hiahiatia ana ahakoa ēnei āhuatanga koretake.
– Mana H∞: Ko tēnei huarahi e arotahi ana ki te whakaiti i te pikinga kino rawa atu mai i te whakararuraru ki te putanga. Mā te whakatakoto i te raruraru hei mahi arotau, ka whakarite ngā kaiwhakahaere H∞ i te pakari ki te whānuitanga o ngā āwangawanga.
– Mana Aratau Paheke (SMC): He tikanga whakahaere kore-raina te SMC e akiaki ana i te āhua o te pūnaha ki tētahi mata paheke kua tautuhia i mua, kātahi ka pupuri tonu i runga i tēnei mata. Ko te painga matua ko tōna pakari ki ngā rerekētanga tawhā me ngā raruraru. He tino whai hua i roto i ngā tono pēnei i te karetao me te rererangi, he mea nui te tika me te pono.
Mana Tino
Ko te whāinga o ngā tikanga whakahaere tino pai ko te whakatutuki i te mahi tino pai rawa atu e ai ki tētahi paearu kua tohua. E ahu mai ana ēnei tikanga i te tātaitanga o ngā rerekētanga me te hōtaka hihiri.
– Papatonotanga Hihiri: Nā Richard Bellman i whakauru mai, ka wehewehea e te papatonotanga hihiri te raruraru whakahaere tino pai ki ngā raruraru iti māmā ake, ka whakaotihia mā te auau. He tino whai hua i roto i ngā tukanga whakatau maha-wāhanga, pērā i te whakahaere rawa me te tohatoha rauemi pūngao.
– Te Mātāpono Iti rawa o Pontryagin: Mā tēnei tikanga ka māmā ake te whakaoti rapanga whakahaere tino pai ki te whakaoti rapanga i tētahi huinga whārite rerekētanga mā te whakarite kia whakaitihia te mahi Hamiltonian. He whānui ngā tono, mai i ngā misioni ātea ki te ōhanga.
Ngā Huarahi Hou: Te Ako Mīhini me te Mana Whakahaere AI
I te taenga mai o te ako mīhini me te mātauranga horihori, kei te puta ake ngā tauira hou i roto i te whakahaere pūnaha hihiri.
– Te Ako Whakakaha (RL): Ko te RL he whakangungu i tētahi kaihoko ki te whakatau kaupapa mā te utu i ngā hua e hiahiatia ana. I roto i te horopaki o ngā pūnaha hihiri, ka taea e te RL te whakawhanake i ngā kaupapa here whakahaere e pai ake ana i ngā tikanga tuku iho, inā koa i roto i ngā taiao uaua me te koretake.
– Whatunga Io: Ka taea e ngā whatunga io te whakatau tata i te whanonga o ngā pūnaha hihiri me ngā kaiwhakahaere hoahoa e kaha ana ki te whakahaere i ngā wāhi āhua kore-raina me ngā wāhi āhua teitei-ahu. Kei te whai hua ngā tikanga pēnei i te Whatunga-Hohonu Q (DQN) me ngā whatunga Mahara Poto Roa (LSTM) i roto i ngā mahi mai i te taraiwa motuhake ki te aunoatanga ahumahi.
Opaniraa
He whānui te whenua o te whakahaere pūnaha hihiri, ā, kei te whanake tonu. Mai i ngā tikanga tawhito ki ngā huarahi ā-āhua, ngā tikanga urutau, te whakahaere pakari, me ngā rautaki hou e whakahaerehia ana e te AI, he kaha me ngā tono ahurei kei ia tikanga. Mā te mārama ki ēnei tikanga me te whakamahi tika i a rātou ka taea e tātou te whakatere i ngā uauatanga o ngā pūnaha hihiri hou, te whakarite i te pumau, te arotau i te mahi, me te urutau ki ngā taiao e huri haere tonu ana.
I te whanaketanga haere o te hangarau, me te hohonu haere o te whakaurunga o te AI me te ako mīhini, te āhua nei kāore he rohe mō te heke mai o te whakahaere pūnaha hihiri, e whakaari ana i ngā pūnaha atamai ake, pakari ake, me te tino urutau puta noa i ngā momo mara.
