Ngā Ao Honohono: Te Hononga i waenga i te Arorangi, te Iwi, me te Iwi
E toru ngā kaupapa motuhake, engari he hononga tata, ko te whaipara tangata, te mātauranga iwi, me te mātauranga iwi, i roto i te mara whānui o te mātauranga iwi. He tirohanga ahurei ēnei e taea ai e tātou te ako i ngā hapori tangata, o mua me o nāianei. Mā ō rātou hononga ka āwhina i a tātou ki te hanga māramatanga whānui mō te ahurea tangata, te whanonga, me te whanaketanga. Ka tūhuratia e tēnei tuhinga ngā mahi tahi me ngā hononga o te whaipara tangata, te mātauranga iwi, me te mātauranga iwi, me te whakanui i ā rātou takoha ki te ako i te tangata.
Te Whaipara Tangata: Te Keri i te Wā o Mua
Ko te whaipara tangata te rangahau pūtaiao o ngā hapori tangata mā te whakaora me te tātari i ngā toenga o ngā taonga. Mā ngā taonga tuku iho, ngā hanganga, ngā mea koiora, me ngā whenua ka hoatu ki ngā tohunga whaipara tangata ngā taunakitanga o te oranga me ngā mahi o mua. Ko ēnei raraunga whaimana te tūāpapa mō te hanga anō i ngā horopaki hītori me te mārama ki te whanaketanga ahurea.
He maha ngā tikanga e whakamahia ana e ngā kaipūtaiao whenua, pērā i te keri, te ruri whenua, me ngā tikanga tau, hei hura me te whakamārama i ngā taunakitanga ā-tinana. Mā roto i ēnei mahi, ka taea e rātou te hanga anō i ngā momo noho tawhito, ngā pūnaha ōhanga, ngā whanaketanga hangarau, me ngā taumata hapori. Hei tauira, nā te keri o te tāone o Pompeii kua homai he māramatanga nui ki te oranga tāone o Rōma, ngā hanganga hapori, me ngā mahi o ia rā.
Heoi, ehara i te mea ko te kimi taonga tuku iho anake te kaupapa o te whaipara tangata; engari ko te whakamārama anō hoki i te hononga o ēnei taonga tetahi ki tetahi, me te kōrero whānui o te hītori. Koinei te wāhi e tino whai hua ai te hononga o te mātauranga iwi me te mātauranga iwi.
Te Iwi Māori: Te Mātakitaki i te Ao o Nāianei
Ko te etnography, he tikanga e hono pū ana ki te ahurea tangata, e uru ana ki te ako hohonu i ngā hapori tangata o nāianei. Ka noho ngā kairangahau etnography i waenganui i ngā tāngata e akohia ana e rātou, e whai wāhi ana ki ngā mahi o ia rā, e mātakitaki ana hoki i ngā taunekeneke pāpori kia whiwhi ai i te māramatanga hohonu, whānui hoki mō ō rātou ahurea, ngā mahi me ngā whakapono.
Ko te tikanga o te rangahau iwi he arotakenga kounga te nuinga, e whakawhirinaki ana ki te mātakitaki ā-uru, ngā uiuinga, me ngā tuhipoka ā-marae. Ko te whāinga he whakarato i tētahi whakaahuatanga taipitopito me te whānui o te āhua noho me te tirohanga ao o tētahi rōpū. Hei tauira, nā te mahi a Bronisław Malinowski i ngā Moutere o Trobriand i huri te ariā o te mātakitaki ā-uru, ā, i homai he māramatanga hohonu ki ngā hanganga pāpori, te whanaungatanga, me te ōhanga o ngā tāngata o te moutere.
Ko te arotahi a te etnografi ki ngā māramatanga taipitopito, ā-horopaki hoki o te oranga pāpori, he mea tino whai hua hei whakamārama i ngā kitenga keri whenua. Mā te whakataurite i ngā raraunga keri whenua o nāianei ki ngā taunakitanga rauemi o mua, ka taea e ngā tohunga keri whenua te whakatau i ngā whakatau whai take mō ngā whanonga, te whakaritenga pāpori, me ngā tikanga ahurea o ngā iwi onamata.
Iwi: Tātaritanga Ahurea Whakataurite
Ko te ira tangata, e kiia ana he peka o te mātauranga ahurea, e uru ana ki te ako whakatairite i ngā ahurea rerekē. Kāore i rite ki te mātauranga ira tangata, e arotahi ana ki ngā ako hōhonu o ngā ahurea takitahi, e whai ana te mātauranga ira tangata ki te tautuhi i ngā tauira, ngā āhuatanga ōrite, me ngā rerekētanga puta noa i ngā hapori maha.
Ka tātarihia e ngā tohunga momo tangata ngā raraunga momo tangata i kohia mai i ngā rangahau mara hei whakaputa ariā whānui mō ngā whanonga tangata, ngā hanganga pāpori, me ngā tukanga ahurea. Mā tēnei huarahi whakatairite ka taea te tautuhi i ngā au whānui me ngā mahi ahurea ahurei, ka whai wāhi ki tō tātou māramatanga ki te kanorau me te ōritetanga o te tangata.
He mea tino nui te hononga i waenga i te whaipara tangata me te mātauranga iwi i roto i te aro atu ki ngā pātai mō te horapa o te ahurea, te hekenga, me te urutau. Mā te tirotiro i ngā rerekētanga ā-wā (whaipara tangata) me te ā-wāhi (mā te iwi), ka taea e ngā kairangahau te whai i te whanaketanga me te horapa o ngā hangarau, ngā whakaaro, me ngā mahi ahurea puta noa i ngā wā me ngā rohe rerekē.
Te Hononga Mahi Tahi
Mā te hononga o te whaipara tangata, te mātauranga iwi, me te mātauranga iwi ka whakatairanga i tētahi huarahi whānui ki te ako i ngā hapori tangata. He maha ngā huarahi e tautoko ai ia kaupapa i tētahi atu:
1. Te Whakamārama i ngā Kitenga Whaipara Tangata: Mā ngā rangahau iwi-tāngata ka taea te āwhina i ngā tohunga whaipara tangata ki te whakamārama i ngā toenga o ngā taonga. Hei tauira, mā ngā kōrero iwi-tāngata mō ngā tikanga hanga uku i roto i ngā hapori o ēnei rā ka taea te āwhina i te tātari i ngā taonga uku tawhito.
2. Te Hōhonutanga o te Hītori mō ngā Tirohanga Iwi Taketake: He taha hītori tō te matawhenua ki ngā rangahau iwi taketake. Mā te mārama ki te hītori ā-tinana o tētahi rohe, ka taea e ngā kaimātai iwi take te whakamārama pai ake i ngā tikanga ahurea o nāianei, me te tuhi i ngā haere tonu me ngā huringa i roto i te wā.
3. Tātari Whakataurite: Ka whakarei ake te anga whakataurite o te Ithnology i ngā whakamāramatanga ahurea me ngā whakamāramatanga keriwhenua. Ka taea e ngā whakataurite ahurea-maha te whakaatu i ngā tauira kāore pea e kitea i roto i ngā rangahau take kotahi, ka taea ai te whakawhānui ake i ngā ariā me ngā ariā.
4. Te Māramatanga Whānui: Mā te whakaurunga o ngā tirohanga whaipara tangata, tirohanga ā-iwi, me te tirohanga ā-iwi ka āwhina i te māramatanga whānui o ngā hapori tangata. Ahakoa e whakarato ana te whaipara tangata i ngā taunakitanga o ngā oranga o mua, ka tukuna e te rangahau ā-iwi he māramatanga ki ngā ahurea ora, ā, ka honoa e te rangahau ā-iwi ēnei taha wā me te taha ā-wāhi mā te tātari whakatairite.
5. Te Whakawhanaungatanga Ahurea: Ka akiakihia e ēnei kaupapa honohono tētahi huarahi whakawhanaungatanga ahurea, he mea nui hei karo i ngā whakaaro whakahāwea iwi. Mā te maioha ki te kanorau me te āhua motuhake o ngā mahi a te tangata, ka taea e ngā kairangahau te whakawhanake i ngā whakamāramatanga matatau ake mō ngā āhuatanga ahurea.
Ngā Wero me ngā Whakaaroaro Tikanga
Ahakoa he kaha te hononga tahi i waenga i te whaipara tangata, te mātauranga iwi, me te mātauranga iwi, ehara i te mea kāore he wero. Mā ngā rerekētanga o ngā huarahi tikanga, te arotahi ki te wā, me te āhua o ngā raraunga ka uaua te whakauru i ēnei kaupapa.
1. Te Hototahi o ngā Raraunga: He maha ngā wā he pakarukaru, he ā-korekore hoki ngā raraunga keri whenua, ā, me āta whakamārama. Ahakoa he nui ngā taipitopito o ngā raraunga iwi, ka taea te whakawhirinaki ki te tangata me te horopaki. Ko te hono i ēnei momo taunakitanga rerekē me whai whakaaro nui ki te tikanga me te ariā.
2. Tauine Wā: Ko te whaipara tangata e aro ana ki ngā huringa wā roa, ko te mātauranga iwi ia e aro ana ki ngā hapori o nāianei. Me whakatere e ngā tohunga iwi ngā āputa wā kia tika ai, kia whai tikanga ai hoki ngā whakatairite me ngā whakatau.
3. Ngā Whakaaro Matatika: Ko te whai wāhi atu ki ngā hapori ora, pērā i ngā kairangahau iwi, he kawenga matatika pērā i te whakaae whai whakaaro me te whakaute i te māngai. Me whakauru ēnei whakaaro ki roto i ngā mahi tahi a ngā marautanga e toru.
Opaniraa
Ko te whanaungatanga i waenga i te whaipara tangata, te mātauranga iwi, me te mātauranga iwi e tohuhia ana e te taunekeneke hihiri o ngā tikanga, ngā ariā, me ngā tirohanga. Mā te mahi tahi, ka tukuna e ēnei marautanga he anga pakari mō te mārama ki ngā uauatanga o ngā hapori tangata puta noa i te wā me te wāhi. Mā te awhi i ō rātou hononga, ka taea e ngā kairangahau te whiwhi māramatanga hohonu ake ki te haere tonu me te huringa o ngā mahi ahurea, te horapa o ngā hangarau, me te manawanui o ngā hapori tangata. Hei whakamutunga, ko te mahi tahi i waenga i te whaipara tangata, te mātauranga iwi, me te mātauranga iwi ka whakarei ake i tā tātou rapunga ki te wetewete i te whatu o te hītori me te ahurea o te tangata.
