Hangarau Pūhiko i roto i te Whakamahana Hau Hou
I te mea kua piki haere te kaha me te kanorau o te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi pūngao, kua noho te whakamahinga o ngā hangarau whai hua me te pai mō te taiao hei kaupapa matua i roto i ngā rāngai maha, tae atu ki te ao o te hauhautanga (AC). Mai i tōna tīmatanga hei hauhautanga, kua rerekē haere te AC i roto i te whai huatanga, te mahi, me te pai mō te taiao. Ko tētahi wāhanga nui e whai wāhi nui ana ki te whakatau i te mahi a te AC ko te compressor. Kua tere te whanaketanga o te hangarau compressor e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā AC hou, e tuku ana i ngā painga me ngā painga maha e tautoko ana i te mahi tino pai me te whai hua o te pūngao.
1. Te Ariā Taketake o te Pūhiko Whakapūngao i roto i te Pūnaha AC
Ko te pūwero te "ngakau" o te pūnaha hauhautanga. Ka pupuhihia e tēnei wāhanga te hau whakamatao puta noa i te pūnaha, ka hurihia mai i te hau pēhanga iti ki te hau pēhanga teitei. He mea tika tēnei mō te whakamatao pai i roto i te pūwero. I roto i te huringa thermodynamic, ka pēhia e te pūwero te hau whakamatao, ka whakanuia tōna pāmahana me te pēhanga, ka taea ai e ia te tuku i te wera kua mimitihia mai i te rūma i a ia e haere ana i roto i te pūwero.
2. Ngā Momo Pūwhakakoi i roto i ngā AC Hou
He maha ngā momo pūwero e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā hauhautanga, he rerekē ngā painga me ngā āhuatanga o ia momo. Anei ētahi o ngā momo pūwero matua e kitea whānuitia ana i roto i ngā hauhautanga o ēnei rā:
a. Pūwhakakorikori Hurihuri
Ko ngā pūwero hurihuri tētahi o ngā momo pūwero e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā hauhautanga hau wehewehe o ēnei rā. He hoahoa māmā noa iho, ā, he tino whai hua i roto i ngā āhuarangi wera me te makuku. Ko tā rātou tikanga mahi he huri i roto i te rango, ka pēhia te hauhautanga e te kaha i puta mai i te hurihanga o te hurihanga. Ko ngā painga o ngā pūwero hurihuri ko tōna rahi kiato, he maeneene te mahi, me te iti o te haruru.
b. Pūwhakakoi Panuku
He uaua ake te hoahoa o ngā pūwero hurihuri engari he nui ake te whai huatanga o te pūngao. E rua ngā panuku e taunekeneke ana e whakamahia ana e tēnei momo pūwero: tētahi panuku tūmau (te stator) me tētahi panuku neke (te orbiter). Mā te nekehanga porowhita o ēnei panuku ka pēhia haeretia te hau whakamatao. Ko ngā painga o ngā pūwero hurihuri ko te iti o te haruru, te maeneene o te mahi, me te kaha ki te whakatutuki i te tino whai huatanga o te pūngao, he mea pai rawa atu mō ngā waeine hauhautanga hangarau teitei.
c. Pūwhakakoi Pītona (Whakahoki)
He rite tonu te mahi a ngā pūwero piston ki ngā miihini tahunga ā-roto, arā, ka pēhia te hau mā te piston e neke haere ana i roto i te rango. Ahakoa kua whakakapia te nuinga o ngā pūwero piston e ngā hangarau hou ake, whai hua ake pērā i ngā pūwero hurihuri me ngā pūwero panuku, kei te whakamahia tonutia ēnei i roto i ētahi mahi ahumahi me ngā mahi arumoni nā te mea he kaha, he roa hoki te mau.
d. Pūhiko Tere Rerekē (Kaitahuri)
Ko te auahatanga hou o te hangarau pūwero ko te pūwero tere-rerekē, te pūwero hurihuri rānei. Ka taea e tēnei momo pūwero te whakarite i tōna tere mahi kia rite ki ngā hiahia whakamatao o nāianei. He rerekē tēnei i ngā pūwero tikanga, e mahi ana i te tere pumau (kā/weto). Mā te whakarite i te tere pūwero, ka taea e te pūnaha whakamatao te mahi pai ake, ka whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao me te whakaiti i ngā rerekētanga pāmahana, ka tuku whakamarie pumau ake.
3. Ngā Painga o ngā Pūwhakakohiko Inverter i roto i ngā AC Hou
Kua noho te hangarau inverter hei paerewa i roto i te umanga AC hou nā te maha o ngā painga e tukuna ana e ia:
a. Te Whai Hua o te Pūngao
Ka taea e ngā pūwero hiko hurihuri te whakarite i te tere o te mōtini me te mahi a te pūwero kia rite ki ngā hiahia whakamatao. Mā tēnei ka iti ake te kaha e pau ana i te hauhautanga i te pūnaha whakaweto/whakakā noa, ā, ka nui ake te penapena i ngā utu hiko mō te wā roa.
b. Te Mahi Tino Pai
Mā te kaha ki te whakarerekē i te putanga kia rite ki te hiahia, ka whakarite ngā kōpeke hurihuri kia pai te mahi a te pūnaha whakamatao. Ko te tikanga ka taea te pupuri i te pāmahana rūma kia pumau, kia ōrite hoki, kia kore ai e rerekē ngā āhuatanga o ngā pūnaha tuku iho.
c. Te roa o te ora ratonga
Kāore e hiahiatia kia mahi tonu ngā pūwero hiko hurihuri i te kawenga katoa, ko te tikanga he ōrite te tohatoha o te kawenga mahi a te pūnaha. Ka taea e tēnei te whakaiti i te pakaru me te haehae, ka roa ake te roa o te ora o te waeine AC.
d. Haruru Iti
Ko tētahi amuamu noa mai i ngā kaiwhakamahi AC ko te haruru e puta mai ana i te waeine. Nā te kaha o ngā pūnaha inverter ki te whakahaere i ngā tere iti iho i te wā e iti ana te kawenga whakamatao, ka iti ake te haruru whakahaere, ka pai ake te whakamarie o te kaiwhakamahi.
4. Ngā Pānga me ngā Ture mō te Taiao
Ko ngā hangarau pūwero hou, inā koa ko ngā inverters, ehara i te mea he pai te mahi me te whai hua anake, engari he pānga pai anō hoki ki te taiao. Ko te whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao ka hua ake he whakaiti i ngā tukunga waro mai i ngā tipu hiko e tahu ana i ngā wahie pūmua. Hei tāpiri, he maha ngā kaihanga hauhautanga e huri ana ki ngā pouaka whakamatao e pai ake ana ki te taiao (pēnei i te R-32) i runga anō i ngā mahi a te ao ki te whakaiti i te pānga kati kōtuhi me te kino o te paparanga ozone.
Kei te akiakihia hoki e ngā ture i roto i ngā whenua maha te whakamahi i ngā hangarau whai hua ake, ā, he pai ake hoki mō te taiao. Ko ngā paerewa kaha ake mō te whai hua o te pūngao kei te akiaki i ngā kaihanga ki te auaha tonu, ki te whakaputa hua e pai ake ana mō ngā kaihoko me te taiao.
5. Te Anamata o te Hangarau Pūhiko
Kei te whanake tonu te hangarau pūwero i roto i ngā pūnaha hauhautanga i runga anō i ngā whanaketanga hangarau me ngā hiahia o te mākete e huri haere ana. Ko te arotahi o te rangahau me te whanaketanga ko te waihanga i ngā pūwero e whai hua ake ana, e iti ake ana, e mārie ake ana hoki. Kei te tīmata hoki te whakamahi i ngā tono IoT (Ipurangi o ngā Mea) me te AI (Matauranga Hanga) hei whakapai ake i te mahi me te whai huatanga o ngā pūnaha whakamatao.
Hei tauira, ka taea te tāuta i ngā pūoko atamai hei aroturuki i ngā āhuatanga o te rūma i te wā tūturu, hei whakahaere aunoa hoki i te mahi a te pūngao hau hei pupuri i te taurite i waenga i te whakamarie me te whai huatanga o te pūngao. Ko te whakaurunga ki ngā pūnaha kāinga atamai ka taea e ngā kaiwhakamahi te whakahaere me te aroturuki i te hauhautanga mai i tawhiti, ka tāpiri atu i te whai huatanga me te whai huatanga ki te whakamahinga o ia rā.
Whakamutunga
He mea nui te hangarau pūwero hei whakatau i te mahi me te whai huatanga o ngā hauhautanga hou. Mai i ngā pūwero hurihuri māmā ki ngā pūwero hurihuri matatau, kua tino pā te whanaketanga o tēnei hangarau ki te whai huatanga o te pūngao me te whakamarie o te kaiwhakamahi. Mā te rangahau tonu me ngā ture e kaha haere ana, e oati ana te heke mai o te hangarau pūwero i ngā whakapainga ake i roto i te mahi, te whai huatanga, me te pumau o te taiao. Ka whai hua ngā kaiwhakamahi, ngā kaihanga, me te taiao i te auahatanga tonu o te hangarau pūwero AC.
