Teknụzụ kachasị ọhụrụ n'ime mmepụta plastik na ụdị ya
Plastik aghọọla akụkụ dị mkpa nke ndụ ọgbara ọhụrụ, nke a na-eji eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ụzọ, site na nkwakọ ngwaahịa ruo na akụkụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe. Ka oge na-aga, teknụzụ mmepụta plastik amụbaala nnukwu ihe ọhụrụ. Isiokwu a ga-atụle teknụzụ kachasị ọhụrụ na mmepụta plastik na ụdị plastik a na-ejikarị eme ihe ugbu a na ngalaba ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe dị iche iche.
Teknụzụ kachasị ọhụrụ na mmepụta plastik
1. Teknụzụ Mbipụta 3D (Mmepụta Mgbakwunye)
Mbipụta 3D, ma ọ bụ imepụta ihe mgbakwunye, bụ otu n'ime teknụzụ kachasị elu na mmepụta plastik. Teknụzụ a na-enye ohere ịmepụta ngwaahịa site na ịgbakwunye ihe dị iche iche dabere na imewe dijitalụ. Usoro a anaghị ebelata ihe mkpofu kamakwa ọ na-eme ka nhazi ngwa ngwa na mmepụta obere nha na nnukwu mgbanwe.
Ịdị Elu:
- Nhazi ngwa ngwa
- Mmepụta na nhazi ahaziri iche
- Belata ihe mkpofu ihe onwunwe
Ngwa:
- Ọgwụ (ihe enyemaka ahụike, ihe eji eme ihe n'ahụike)
– Ụgbọala (ihe pụrụ iche)
– Ndị ahịa (ihe egwuregwu ụmụaka, ọla)
2. Teknụzụ Bioplastic
E mepụtara bioplastics dị ka ihe ọzọ na-adịghị ize ndụ gburugburu ebe obibi karịa plastik ndị e ji mmanụ ala mee. A na-eji ihe ndị e ji ihe ndị dị ndụ mee bioplastics dị ka ọka starch, shuga okpete, na mmanụ akwụkwọ nri. Mmepụta ihe ọhụrụ na bioplastics gụnyere ihe ndị siri ike, ndị siri ike karị, na ndị na-emebi emebi karịa.
Ịdị Elu:
- Ọ dị mma maka gburugburu ebe obibi
- Mmeghari ohuru
- A pụrụ ire ere ma ọ bụ gbazee ahịhịa
Ngwa:
– Nkwakọ ngwaahịa nri
– Tebụl ndị a na-atụfu
- Ihe ndị e ji ehicha ákwà
3. Imegharị ihe na imegharị plastik
Ịmara gburugburu ebe obibi emeela ka ndị nchọpụta na ụlọ ọrụ mepụta teknụzụ imegharị plastik nke ọma. Imegharị plastik ọdịnala na-agbaji ka ọ bụrụ monomers ka e wee nwee ike iji ya mee ihe dị ka ihe eji arụ ọrụ. Imegharị plastik bụ usoro e ji eji plastik eme ihe eme ihe iji mepụta ngwaahịa bara uru dị elu.
Ịdị Elu:
- Belata ihe mkpofu plastik
- Chekwaa akụrụngwa sitere n'okike
– Tinye uru akụ na ụba
Ngwa:
– Ụlọ ọrụ ejiji (akpa, akpụkpọ ụkwụ sitere na plastik emegharị)
– Ihe e ji arụ ụlọ (brik e ji plastik emegharịrị arụ ọrụ mee)
– Ngwongwo ụlọ
4. Ọgwụgwọ Plasma
Ọgwụgwọ Plasma bụ teknụzụ ọgbara ọhụrụ eji emezi elu plastik ka ha sie ike ma ọ bụ mee ka ihe ndị dị mkpa dịkwuo mma, dịka hydrophobicity (ihe na-egbochi mmiri) ma ọ bụ mmụba nke njikọta. Usoro a na-eji plasma, gas nwere ihe ndị a na-agbaze agbaze, emezi elu plastik ahụ n'agbanweghị ihe ndị bụ isi nke ihe ahụ.
Ịdị Elu:
- Mee ka ntachi obi dịkwuo elu
- Mee ka ikike ịrapara dịkwuo elu
- Tinye njirimara ọrụ ọhụrụ
Ngwa:
- Ụgbọala (ọkụ, dashboard)
- Ngwa eletrọniki (ihe mkpuchi)
– Ihe owuwu (ihe ndị na-eguzogide ihu igwe)
Ụdị plastik
1. Polyethylene (PE)
Polyethylene bụ otu n'ime ụdị plastik a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ụwa. E nwere ụdị polyethylene abụọ bụ́ isi: Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) na High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE).
Ịdị Elu:
- Mgbanwe ma sie ike (LDPE)
- Na-eguzogide ọgwụ kemịkalụ (HDPE)
- Akụ na ụba
Ngwa:
– Ngwugwu plastik (akpa ịzụ ahịa, ihe mkpuchi nri)
– Paịpụ na ngwa ụlọ (HDPE)
2. Polypropylene (PP)
A maara Polypropylene maka mgbanwe ya, ike ya n'ime ihe, na iguzogide okpomọkụ dị elu. A na-ejikarị ihe a eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe dị iche iche n'ihi ọtụtụ ihe dị iche iche ọ na-eme.
Ịdị Elu:
- Na-eguzogide okpomọkụ
- Siri ike ma nwee mgbanwe
- Na-eguzogide kemịkalụ
Ngwa:
– Nkwakọ ngwaahịa (akpa nri, karama)
- Ákwà (kapeeti, ákwà)
– Ụgbọala (ihe injin)
3. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
PVC bụ plastik siri ike ma sie ike, ọ bụ ezie na enwere ike ime ka ọ dịkwuo mfe site na itinye ihe ndị na-eme ka plastik sie ike. N'ihi na ọ naghị anabata anwụ, mmiri, na kemịkal dị iche iche, a na-ejikarị PVC eme ihe n'ụlọ ọrụ owuwu.
Ịdị Elu:
- Na-adịgide adịgide ma sie ike
- Mmiri anaghị amị amị
- Akụ na ụba
Ngwa:
- Paịpụ na ihe ndị dị mkpa
- Ala vinyl
- Waya na eriri
4. Polystyrene (PS)
Polystyrene na-abịa n'ụdị abụọ: Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) na High Impact Polystyrene (HIPS). A na-ejikarị EPS eme ihe dị ka ihe mkpuchi na nkwakọ ngwaahịa, ebe HIPS na-enye ike na iguzogide mmetụta ka ukwuu.
Ịdị Elu:
- Ìhè
- Mkpuchi okpomọkụ na ụda dị mma
- Ọnụ ala
Ngwa:
- Mkpuchi ụlọ (EPS)
- Nkwakọ ngwaahịa eletrọniki (EPS)
– Ngwa ndị ahịa (HIPS)
5. Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)
PET bụ plastik a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka nkwakọ ngwaahịa nri na ihe ọṅụṅụ. E wezụga ịdị ike na iguzogide kemịkalụ, PET na-enyekwa nghọta dị mma.
Ịdị Elu:
- Na-adịgide adịgide
- Na-eguzogide kemịkalụ
- Ihe doro anya
Ngwa:
– Karama ọṅụṅụ
– Akpa nri
- Ákwà sịntetik (polyester)
6. Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)
ABS bụ plastik a ma ama maka oke ike ya, ike nhazi ya, na ire ụtọ ya. A na-ejikarị ihe a eme ihe n'ịmepụta ihe ndị chọrọ ogologo oge.
Ịdị Elu:
- Siri ike ma sie ike
- Na-eguzogide mmetụta
- Usoro nhazi dị mfe
Ngwa:
- Ihe egwuregwu ụmụaka (Lego)
- Eletrọniki (cheta ihe mkpuchi kọmputa)
- Ụgbọala (dashboard, ihe ndị dị n'èzí)
Mmechi
Mmepụta ihe ọhụrụ na teknụzụ mmepụta plastik na mmepe nke ụdị plastik na-egosi otu mpaghara a si agbanwe iji gboo ihe ịma aka na mkpa nke oge a. Site na iji mbipụta 3D, nke na-eme ka mmepụta ngwa ngwa, nke ahaziri ahazi, ruo na bioplastics na-adịghị ize ndụ gburugburu ebe obibi, teknụzụ na-aga n'ihu na-enye ngwọta ọhụrụ. Ụdị plastik dịka polyethylene, polypropylene, na PET na-agakwa n'ihu na-agbanwe n'ihe gbasara ojiji na uru ha. Site na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu, ọdịnihu nke mmepụta plastik na-ekwe nkwa mmepe nke ihe ndị ka mma, na-adịgide adịgide, na ndị na-adịghị ize ndụ gburugburu ebe obibi.
