Ụdị Plastik A Na-ejikarị Eme Nkwakọ ngwaahịa na Otu E Si Eme Ha
Plastik aghọọla akụkụ dị mkpa nke ndụ anyị kwa ụbọchị, ọkachasị n'ime ụlọ ọrụ nkwakọ ngwaahịa. Ụdị plastik eji eme nkwakọ ngwaahịa dị iche iche, nke ọ bụla nwere njirimara na ojiji nke ya. Isiokwu a ga-atụle ọtụtụ ụdị plastik a na-ejikarị eme nkwakọ ngwaahịa na otu esi emepụta ha.
1. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
Àgwà na Ojiji
PET bụ ụdị plastik a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka nkwakọ ngwaahịa ihe ọṅụṅụ, dịka karama mmiri na karama soda, a na-ejikwa ya eme ihe na nkwakọ ngwaahịa nri. PET bụ ihe a ma ama n'ihi na ọ dị mfe, sie ike, na-apụta ìhè, ma na-eguzogide mmiri na gas, si otú a na-eme ka ngwaahịa ahụ dị ọhụrụ.
Ụzọ isi mee ihe
Mmepụta PET na-amalite site na mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ dị n'etiti ethylene glycol na terephthalic acid, nke na-emepụta polymer site na usoro a na-akpọ polycondensation. Ozugbo e mepụtara polymer ahụ, a na-ekpo ọkụ ma gbazee ihe ahụ, wee mepụta preform site na injection molding. A na-ekpo ọkụ preform a ọzọ ma fesaa ya n'ime ebu iji mepụta karama ma ọ bụ ngwugwu ọzọ, usoro a maara dị ka blowmolding.
2. Polyethylene njupụta dị elu (HDPE)
Àgwà na Ojiji
HDPE bụ ụdị plastik siri ike, na-eguzogide mmetụta, ma na-eguzogide kemịkalụ dị iche iche. A na-ejikarị HDPE eme karama mmiri ara ehi, karama nchacha, akpa ịzụ ahịa, na ọbụna ụdị ihe egwuregwu ụfọdụ.
Ụzọ isi mee ihe
Usoro mmepụta HDPE gụnyere ime ka ethylene dị n'okpuru obere nrụgide site na iji ihe mkpali pụrụ iche. Ozugbo e mepụtara polima ahụ, a na-agbaze HDPE ma wepụta ya n'ime mpempe akwụkwọ, paịpụ, ma ọ bụ pellets, nke enwere ike ịkpụzi ya site na usoro dị iche iche dịka ịkpụzi ihe, ịkpụzi ihe n'ime injection, na ịkpụzi ihe n'ime roto, dabere na ngwaahịa ikpeazụ achọrọ.
3. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
Àgwà na Ojiji
PVC bụ ụdị plastik dị iche iche nke na-abịa n'ụdị dị iche iche, site na siri ike ruo na nke na-agbanwe agbanwe. A na-ejikarị PVC na-agbanwe agbanwe eme ihe nkiri plastik, mpempe akwụkwọ, na ngwugwu blister, ebe a na-eji PVC siri ike eme karama na ụdị paịpụ ụfọdụ.
Ụzọ isi mee ihe
A na-eme PVC site na iji polymerization nke vinyl chloride monomer (VCM). A na-emekarị mmeghachi omume a na nnukwu reaktọ n'okpuru nrụgide na okpomọkụ kpọmkwem. Ngwaahịa PVC ikpeazụ dị n'ụdị ntụ ntụ ma ọ bụ pellet, nke enwere ike ịgbaze ma mepụta ngwaahịa dị iche iche site na usoro dịka extrusion, kalenda, ma ọ bụ ịkpụzi injection.
4. Polyethylene dị obere (LDPE)
Àgwà na Ojiji
A maara LDPE maka mgbanwe ya, iguzogide mmiri, na ihe ndị dị mfe nhazi ya. A na-ejikarị LDPE eme akpa plastik, nkwakọ ngwaahịa na-agbanwe agbanwe, na ihe mkpuchi ihe nkiri maka ihe ndị dị ka ihe mkpuchi nri.
Ụzọ isi mee ihe
A na-eme LDPE site na iji polymerization nke ethylene n'okpuru nrụgide na okpomọkụ dị elu, site na iji ihe mmalite radical efu. Ngwaahịa a bụ resin nke enwere ike ịgbaze ma mepụta n'ụdị dị iche iche site na usoro dịka ịkpụzi ihe na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ya pụta ìhè na ịpụpụta ihe nkiri a kpụrụ akpụ.
5. Polypropylene (PP)
Àgwà na Ojiji
Polypropylene bụ plastik nke na-eguzogide okpomọkụ, kemịkalụ, na ike ọgwụgwụ. A na-eji PP eme ihe na nkwakọ ngwaahịa nri, ọkachasị maka ngwaahịa ndị chọrọ ikpo ọkụ, dị ka microwave, a na-ejikwa ya eme mkpuchi karama, ahịhịa, na ụdị akpa dị iche iche.
Ụzọ isi mee ihe
Mmepụta Polypropylene gụnyere ime ka propene dị n'okpuru obere nrụgide na okpomọkụ site na iji Ziegler-Natta catalyst ma ọ bụ metallocene catalyst. Ozugbo e mepụtara polima ahụ, a na-agbaze ihe ahụ ma wepụta ya ka ọ bụrụ pellets, nke enwere ike ịhazi ya ọzọ site na iji usoro dịka ịkpụzi ihe n'ime mmiri, ịpụpụ ihe, na ịkpụzi ihe iji mepụta ngwaahịa ikpeazụ.
6. Polystyrene (PS)
Àgwà na Ojiji
Polystyrene bụ plastik siri ike, doro anya, ma dịkwa mfe nhazi. A na-ejikarị ya eme iko ihe ọṅụṅụ a na-atụfu atụfu, ihe eji etinye nri, tray anụ, na ihe mkpuchi dị ka Styrofoam.
Ụzọ isi mee ihe
A na-eme polystyrene site na iji polymerization nke styrene monomer. Usoro a nwere ike ịbụ polymerization buru ibu ma ọ bụ suspension polymerization, nke a na-agbaze styrene ma mee polymerization site n'enyemaka nke onye na-amalite free radical. Ngwaahịa ikpeazụ bụ pellets ma ọ bụ mpempe akwụkwọ nke enwere ike ịmepụta ọzọ ka ọ bụrụ ngwaahịa dị iche iche site na usoro dịka ịkpụzi injection, extrusion, ma ọ bụ thermoforming.
7. Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA)
Àgwà na Ojiji
Polymethyl Methacrylate, nke a makwaara dị ka acrylic ma ọ bụ Plexiglas, bụ plastik doro anya nke a maara maka idoanya ya na iguzogide ihu igwe. A na-ejikarị PMMA eme ihe maka nkwakọ ngwaahịa nke chọrọ ngosipụta anya dị mma, dị ka igbe ngosi na nkwakọ ngwaahịa dị elu.
Ụzọ isi mee ihe
A na-eme PMMA site na ime ka methyl methacrylate dị ọcha. Usoro a gụnyere ihe mmalite dịka peroxide iji malite mmeghachi omume polymerization nke agbụ ígwè. A na-agbaze PMMA ahụ e guzobere ma wepụta ya ma ọ bụ kpụzie ya ka ọ bụrụ ọdịdị achọrọ.
Mmechi
Plastik ewetala ọtụtụ uru na ụlọ ọrụ nkwakọ ngwaahịa, site na nchekwa ngwaahịa dị elu ruo na mfe nhazi na imegharị ihe. Agbanyeghị, ọ dịkwa mkpa ịtụle mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi nke ojiji plastik. Imegharị ihe na iji ya eme ihe so n'ihe ngwọta iji belata mmetụta ọjọọ nke ihe mkpofu plastik.
Ịghọta ụdị plastik dị iche iche na otu esi emepụta ha abụghị naanị na ọ na-enye nghọta gbasara usoro ọrụ mmepụta ihe kamakwa ọ na-enyere anyị aka ime mkpebi amamihe dị na ya gbasara ojiji ihe ndị a, ma n'ụlọ ma n'ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe. Ka anyị nọgide na-emepụta ihe ọhụrụ ma na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ iji mee ka ụwa anyị dị ọcha ma dị mma!
