Iwu Kirchhoff - nsogbu na ngwọta

Iwu Kirchhoff - nsogbu na ngwọta

1. Gịnị bụ ọnụ ahịa? voltaji nke batrị dị n'ime circuit n'okpuru?

ngwọta

emf = ike eletriki = ihe dị iche n'etiti njedebe mgbe ọ dịghị ugbu a mmiri na sekit mpụga.

Voltaji njedebe (V) = ọdịiche dị n'etiti njedebe mgbe ọkụ si na batrị na-asọpụta.

Ọ bụrụ na enweghị ike iwepụ ọkụ eletrik na batrị ahụ, voltaji njedebe ahụ hà nhata emf.

A maara:

Na-eguzogide 1 (R₁) = 2 Ω

Na-eguzogide 2 (R₂) = 4 Ω

Resistor 3 (R)₃) = 4 Ω

emf 1 (E₁) = Volt 20

emf 2 (E₂) = Volt 15

A chọrọ: Voltaji njedebe (V)

Ngwọta 1:

Voltaji njedebe:

V = E₁ - E₂ = 20 – 15 = 5 Volt

Ngwọta 2:

Gbakọọ usoro mmiri dị ugbu a na sekit (I)

mbụ, Họrọ ntụziaka nke ọwa ọ bụla. Enwere ike ịhọrọ ntụziaka ahụ n'enweghị usoro: ọ bụrụ na ọwa ahụ dị n'akụkụ nke ọzọ, ọ ga-apụta na akara mwepu na ngwọta ahụ.

Mgbe ahụ, na-amalite n'ebe ọ bụla na sekit ahụ, anyị na-eche n'echiche ịgagharị gburugburu okirikiri, na-agbakwụnye okwu emfs na IR ka anyị na-abịaru ha nso.

Nke abụọ, Mgbe anyị na-agafe isi iyi gaa n'ụzọ site na - ruo +, a na-ewere emf dị ka ihe dị mma; mgbe anyị na-aga site na + ruo -, a na-ewere emf dị ka ihe na-adịghị mma.

Nke atọ, Mgbe anyị na-agafe resistor n'otu ụzọ ahụ dị ka ugbu a a na-eche na ọ na-aga, okwu IR na-adịghị mma n'ihi na ugbu a na-aga n'akụkụ nke ike na-ebelata. Mgbe anyị na-agafe resistor n'akụkụ dị iche na ugbu a a na-eche na ọ na-aga, okwu IR na-adị mma n'ihi na nke a na-anọchite anya mmụba nke ike.

A na-ahọrọ ntụziaka nke ugbu a dịka ntụziaka elekere:

E₁ - IR₁ - IR₂ - IR₃ - E₂ = 0

20 – I(2) – I(4) – I(4) – 15 = 0

20 – 15 – M (2) – M (4) – M (4) = 0

5 – 10 I = 0

5 = 10 I

M = 5/10

I = 0.5 Ampere

Ọkụ eletrik na-asọ n'ime sekit ahụ bụ 0.5 Ampere. Ọkụ eletrik akara aka na positive pụtara na ntụziaka nke ọkụ eletrik bụ otu ihe ahụ dị ka ụzọ elekere.

Gbakọọ ihe mgbochi nhata (R):

Resistor 1 (R₁), resistor 2 (R₂) na ihe mgbochi 3 (R)₃) ejikọtara na usoro. Ihe na-eguzogide otu ihe ahụ:

R=R₁ + R₂ + R₃ = 2 Ω + 4 Ω + 4 Ω = 10 Ω

Voltaji njedebe dị na resistor R (V)

V = IR = (0.5)(10) = Volt 5

2. Na sekit ahụ dịka egosiri na eserese dị n'okpuru, chọta ike gbawara na na Nguzogide 3-Ω.

Ngwọta:

A maara:

Resistor 1 (R₁) = 2 Ω

Resistor 2 (R₂) = 3 Ω

Na-eguzogide 3 (R₃) = 4 Ω

emf 1 (E₁) = Volt 8

emf 2 (E₂) = Volt 10

Chọrọ: Ike gbawara n'ime na Nguzogide 3-Ω

Ngwọta:

The ike gbasaa na na Nguzogide 3-Ωr:

P = VI

P= ike, V = na voltage gafee na Nguzogide 3-Ω, M = Ọkụ na-agafe n'ime Nguzogide 3-Ω

Gbakọọ oge ọkụ eletrik (M) gafere na Nguzogide 3-Ω

A na-ahọrọ ntụziaka nke ugbu a dịka ntụziaka elekere:

E₁ - IR₁ - IR₂ - IR₃ +E₂ = 0

8 – I(2) – I(3) – I(4) + 10 = 0

18 – 9 I = 0

18 = 9 I

M = 18 / 9

I = 2 Ampere

Ọkụ eletrik na-asọ n'ime sekit ahụ 2 Ampere. Ọkụ eletrik e ji aka dee nke ọma pụtara na ntụziaka nke ọkụ eletrik bụ otu ihe ahụ dị ka ụzọ elekere.

A na-ejikọ sekit n'usoro ka ọkụ eletrik na-asọ n'ime sekit ahụ = ọkụ eletrik na-agafe 3-Ω eguzogide = 2 ampere.

Gbakọọ voltaji (V) gafee 3-Ω eguzogide

V = IR₂ = (2 A)(3 Ω) = Volt 6

Ike gbawara n'ime na Nguzogide 3-Ω:

P = VI = (6 volt) (2 ampere) = 12 volt ampere = 12 watt

3. Dabere na sekit ahụ dịka egosiri na eserese dị n'okpuru, kedu ihe nwere ike ịbụ ọdịiche dị n'etiti isi ihe A na B?

A maara:

Na-eguzogide 1 (R₁) = 2 Ω

Na-eguzogide 2 (R₂) = 3 Ω

Na-eguzogide 3 (R₃) = 4 Ω

emf 1 (E₁) = Volt 8

emf 2 (E₂) = Volt 10

A chọrọ: Ihe dị iche nwere ike ime (V) n'etiti isi A na B

Ngwọta:

Gbakọọ oge ọkụ eletrik (M) na-asọba n'ime 3-Ω eguzogide

A na-ahọrọ ntụziaka nke ugbu a dịka ntụziaka elekere:

- E₁ - IR₁ - IR₂ - E₂ - IR₃ = 0

– 8 – M (2) – M (3) – 10 – M (4) = 0

– 18 – 9 I = 0

– 18 = 9 M

I = -18 / 9

I = – 2 Amperes

Ọkụ eletrik na-asọ n'ime sekit ahụ 2 Ampere. Ọkụ eletrik a bịanyere aka na ya -adịghị mma pụtara ntụziaka nke ọkụ eletrik counteruzo elekere.

A na-ejikọ sekit n'usoro ka ọkụ eletrik na-asọ n'ime sekit ahụ = ọkụ eletrik na-agafe 3-Ω eguzogide = 2 ampere.

Gbakọọ ihe dị iche nwere ike ime (V) n'ofe 3-Ω ihe mgbochi:

V = IR₂ = (2 A)(3 Ω) = Volt 6

4. Dabere na sekit ahụ dịka egosiri na foto dị n'okpuru, kedu ihe dị iche nwere ike ịbụ n'ofe sekit ahụ? R₃ resistor.

A maara:

Na-eguzogide 1 (R₁) = 2 Ω

Na-eguzogide 2 (R₂) = 4 Ω

Na-eguzogide 3 (R₃) = 3 Ω

emf 1 (E₁) = Volt 6

emf 2 (E₂) = Volt 9

A chọrọ: Ihe dị iche nwere ike ime n'ofe ihe dị iche iche R₃ eguzogide

Ngwọta:

Gbakọọ oge ọkụ eletrik (M) gafere na R₃ eguzogide

A na-ahọrọ ntụziaka nke ugbu a dịka ntụziaka elekere:

E₁ - IR₁ - E₂ - IR₂ - IR₃ = 0

6 – 2I – 9 – 4I – 3I = 0

6 – 9 – 2I – 4I – 3I = 0

-3 – 9I = 0

-3 = 9I

I = -3/9

I = -1/3

Ọkụ eletrik na-asọ n'ime sekit ahụ 1/3 Ampere. Ọkụ eletrik a bịanyere aka na ya -adịghị mma pụtara ntụziaka nke ọkụ eletrik counteruzo elekere.

A na-ejikọ sekit n'usoro ka ọkụ eletrik na-asọ na sekit ahụ = ọkụ eletrik na-agafe R₃ eguzogide = 1/3 Ampere.

Gbakọọ ihe dị iche nwere ike ime (V) gafee R₃ eguzogide

V = IR₃ = (1/3)(3) = 1 Volt

5. Ike eletrik dị n'etiti isi ihe C na D = 4 Volts, chọta R!

A maara:

Na-eguzogide 1 (R₁) = 2 Ω

Na-eguzogide 2 (R₂) = 2 Ω

Na-eguzogide 3 (R₃) = R

emf 1 (E₁) = Volt 8

emf 2 (E₂) = Volt 4

Ihe dị iche n'etiti C na D (V)_CD) = Volt 4

A chọrọ: R

Ngwọta:

V_CD = IR

4 = IR

R = 4 / M

...............

Gbakọọ oge ọkụ eletrik (M) na-agafe na resistor R

A na-ahọrọ ntụziaka nke ugbu a dịka ntụziaka elekere:

- E₁ – 2I + E₂ – 2I – IR = 0

– 8 – 2I + 4 – 2I – I (4/I) = 0

– 8 – 2I + 4 – 2I – 4 = 0

– 8 + 4 – 4 – 2I – 2I = 0

– 8 – 4I = 0

– 8 = 4I

I = -8 / 4

I = -2 Amperes

Ọkụ eletrik na-asọ n'ime sekit ahụ 2 Ampere. Ọkụ eletrik a bịanyere aka na ya -adịghị mma pụtara ntụziaka nke ọkụ eletrik counteruzo elekere.

A na-ejikọ sekit n'usoro ka ọkụ eletrik na-asọ na sekit ahụ = ọkụ eletrik na-agafe R eguzogide = 2 Ampere.

R

R = 4 / I = 4 / 2 = 2 Ohm