Ozizi Kinetic nke Gas na Iwu Mbụ nke Thermodynamics - Nsogbu na Ngwọta
1. Gas ndị kacha mma dị n'ime akpa nwere olu lita 4, nrụgide ya bụkwa 3 atm (1 atm = 10 5 Nm -2 ). A na-ekpo ọkụ gas ndị kacha mma na nrụgide na-adịgide adịgide site na 27 o C ruo 87 o C. Ike okpomọkụ nke gas bụ 9 JK -1 . Kedu olu ikpeazụ nke gas na mgbanwe nke ike dị n'ime gas?
ngwọta
Usoro isobaric (nrụgide na-adịgide adịgide)
A maara:
Olu mbụ nke gas (V1 ) = lita 4
Okpomọkụ mbụ nke gas (T 1 ) = 27 o C + 273 = 300 K
Okpomọkụ ikpeazụ nke gas (T 2 ) = 87 o C + 273 = 360 K
Nrụgide nke gas (P) = 3 atm = 3 x 10 5 Nm -2
Ike okpomọkụ nke gas (C) = 9 JK -1
Achọrọ: Olu ikpeazụ nke gas (V2 ) na mgbanwe nke ike dị n'ime nke gas (ΔU)
Ngwọta:
Chọpụta olu ikpeazụ site na iji usoro iwu Charles (usoro isobaric ma ọ bụ nrụgide na-adịgide adịgide):
Mgbanwe na olu:
1 lita = 0.001 m 3
Olu mbụ (V1 ) = 4 (0.001 m3 ) = 0.004 m3
Olu ikpeazụ (V2 ) = 4.8 (0.001 m3 ) = 0.0048 m3
Mgbanwe olu (ΔV) = V 2 – V 1 = 0.0048 m 3 – 0.004 m 3 = 0.008 m 3.
Mgbanwe na okpomọkụ:
Mgbanwe na okpomọkụ (ΔT) = T 2 – T 1 = 360 K – 300 K = 60 K
Chọpụta mgbanwe nke ike dị n'ime (ΔU) nke gas zuru oke site na iji usoro nke iwu mbụ nke thermodynamics.
ΔU = Q-W
ΔU = mgbanwe nke ike dị n'ime, Q = okpomọkụ, W = ọrụ
Kpebie ọrụ (W) na nrụgide na-adịgide adịgide:
W = P ΔV = (3 x 10 5 )(0.0008) = (3 x 10 1 )(8) = (30)(8) = 240 Joules
Chọpụta okpomọkụ (Q) site na iji usoro nke ike okpomọkụ (C):
C = Q / ΔT
Q = (C) (ΔT) = (9) (60) = 540 Joules
Chọpụta mgbanwe nke ike dị n'ime:
ΔU = Q – W = 540 Joules – 240 Joules = 300 Joules.
2. Lita isii nke gas kacha mma na 2 atm dị n'ime akpa (1 atm = 10 5 Nm -2 ). A na-ekpo ọkụ gas ahụ site na 27 o C ruo 77 o C na nrụgide na-adịgide adịgide. Ọ bụrụ na ike okpomọkụ nke gas bụ 5 JK -1 , kedu olu ikpeazụ na mgbanwe nke ike dị n'ime gas ahụ?
Ngwọta:
Usoro isobaric (nrụgide na-adịgide adịgide)
A maara:
Olu mbụ nke gas ndị kacha mma (V1 ) = lita 6
Okpomọkụ mbụ nke gas ndị kacha mma (T 1 ) = 27 o C + 273 = 300 K
Okpomọkụ ikpeazụ nke gas ndị kacha mma (T2 ) = 77 o C + 273 = 350 K
Nrụgide nke gas ndị kwesịrị ekwesị (P) = 2 atm = 2 x 10 5 Nm -2
Ike okpomọkụ nke gas (C) = 5 JK -1
Achọrọ: Olu ikpeazụ nke gas (V2 ) na mgbanwe nke ike dị n'ime nke gas (ΔU)
Ngwọta:
Chọpụta olu gas ikpeazụ site na iji usoro iwu Charles (usoro isobaric ma ọ bụ nrụgide na-adịgide adịgide):
Mgbanwe na olu:
1 lita = 0.001 m 3
Olu mbụ (V1 ) = 6 (0.001 m3 ) = 0.006 m3
Olu ikpeazụ (V2 ) = 7 (0.001 m3 ) = 0.007 m3
Mgbanwe olu (ΔV) = V 2 – V 1 = 0.007 m 3 – 0.006 m 3 = 0.001 m 3
Mgbanwe na okpomọkụ:
Mgbanwe na okpomọkụ (ΔT) = T 2 – T 1 = 350 K – 300 K = 50 K
Chọpụta mgbanwe nke ike dị n'ime (ΔU) nke gas ndị dị mma site na iji usoro nke iwu mbụ nke thermodynamics.
ΔU = Q-W
ΔU = mgbanwe dị na ike dị n'ime, Q = okpomọkụ, W = ọrụ
Kpebie ọrụ (W) na nrụgide na-adịgide adịgide:
W = P ΔV = (2 x 10 5 )(0.001) = (2 x 10 2 )(1) = (200)(1) = 200 Joules
Chọpụta okpomọkụ (Q) site na iji usoro nke ike okpomọkụ (C):
C = Q / ΔT
Q = (C) (ΔT) = (5) (50) = 250 Joules
Chọpụta mgbanwe dị na ike dị n'ime:
ΔU = Q – W = 250 Joules – 200 Joules = 50 Joules.
- Kedu ihe bụ isi echiche nke ozizi kinetic nke gas?
- Azịza: Ozizi kinetic nke gas na-eche na: (a) Gas nwere ọtụtụ obere ihe ndị na-agagharị mgbe niile; (b) Mkpụrụ ndị a dị anya ma e jiri ya tụnyere nha ha; (c) Nkparịta ụka dị n'etiti mkpụrụ gas, ma ọ bụ n'etiti mkpụrụ na mgbidi nke akpa ya, na-agbanwe agbanwe (ya bụ, ike kinetic anaghị efu); (d) Enweghị ike intermolecular n'etiti mkpụrụ gas; na (e) Ike kinetic nkezi nke mkpụrụ gas ahụ kwekọrọ kpọmkwem na okpomọkụ zuru oke nke gas ahụ.
- Kedu ka ike kinetic nkezi nke molekul gas si metụta okpomọkụ nke gas?
- Azịza: Ike kinetic nke molekul gas dị kpọmkwem na okpomọkụ zuru oke (na Kelvin) nke gas. Ka okpomọkụ na-arị elu, ike kinetic nke molekul na-abawanyekwa.
- Gịnị bụ ihe efu zuru oke pụtara n'ihe gbasara mmegharị molekul?
- Azịza: N'echiche, efu zuru oke (0 Kelvin) bụ okpomọkụ nke mmegharị molekul niile na-akwụsị. Ọ na-anọchite anya okpomọkụ kacha ala ebe ọ dịghị ihe nwere ike ịdị oyi karịa na enweghị ike okpomọkụ na-anọgide na ihe.
- Gịnị bụ iwu mbụ nke thermodynamics n'ihe gbasara ike dị n'ime, okpomọkụ, na ọrụ?
- Azịza: Iwu mbụ nke thermodynamics na-ekwu na mgbanwe dị n'ime ike nke sistemụ hà nhata okpomọkụ agbakwunyere na sistemụ ahụ ma e wezụga ọrụ sistemụ ahụ rụrụ na gburugburu ya: ΔU = Q – W.
- N'ime usoro isochoric, gịnị na-eme ọrụ nke sistemụ ahụ ma ọ bụ nke ahụ rụrụ?
- Azịza: N'usoro isochoric, olu ahụ na-adịgide otu otu. Ya mere, ọ dịghị ọrụ ọ bụla sistemụ ahụ rụrụ maọbụ na sistemụ ahụ, ebe ọ bụ na ọrụ n'ọnọdụ ndị dị otú ahụ na-enye ọrụ site na ọrụ nrụgide-olu, nke ga-abụ efu ma ọ bụrụ na olu ahụ agbanweghị.
- Gịnị ka ọ pụtara mgbe anyị kwuru na gas "dị mma"?
- Azịza: Gas "ezigbo" bụ nke na-agbaso iwu gas zuru oke (PV = nRT) n'okpuru ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na nrụgide niile. Ọ pụtakwara na gas ahụ na-agbaso usoro nke ozizi kinetic nke ọma, na-enweghị ike intermolecular na nkpọkọ elastic zuru oke.
- Kedu ka ezigbo gas si ewepụ omume nke gas ndị dị mma?
- Azịza: Ezigbo gas na-agbanwe site n'omume zuru oke n'oge nrụgide dị elu na obere okpomọkụ. Nke a bụ n'ihi ọnụnọ nke ike intermolecular na oke nha nke molekul gas. A na-akọwa ọdịiche ndị ahụ site na nha van der Waals na nha ndị ọzọ yiri ya.
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Gịnị mere e ji chee na iwu mbụ nke thermodynamics bụ iwu nchekwa?
- Azịza: Iwu mbụ nke thermodynamics nwere ike ịbụ iwu nchekwa n'ihi na o kwuru na ike agaghị adị ike ma ọ bụ bibie, naanị ihe a ga-ebufe ma ọ bụ gbanwee bụ site n'otu ụdị gaa na nke ọzọ. Nke a na-egosi ụkpụrụ nchekwa ike.
