Iwu nke Abụọ nke Newton bụ otu n'ime echiche ndị bụ isi na fiziki nke na-achịkwa mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ike, oke, na osooso. Iwu a na-ekwu na osooso nke ihe dabere na ike net na-arụ ọrụ na ya ma na-agbanwe agbanwe na oke ya. N'ime mgbakọ na mwepụ, e kwuru Iwu nke Abụọ nke Newton dị ka:
\[F = ma \]
Ebe:
– \( F \) bụ ike ụgbụ nke na-arụ ọrụ n'ihe ahụ (na Newtons, N).
– \( m \) bụ oke ihe ahụ (na kilogram, kg).
– \( a \) bụ ọsọ nke ihe ahụ (na mita kwa sekọnd, nke nwere akụkụ anọ, \( m/s^2 \)).
N'isiokwu a, anyị ga-atụle ụfọdụ ihe atụ nke Iwu nke Abụọ nke Newton iji ghọta ojiji ya n'ọnọdụ dị iche iche.
Ajụjụ nke Mbụ: Ịmanye ụgbọala na-eme ka ọ na-agba ọsọ
Ajụjụ:
Ụgbọala nke ibu ya ruru kilogram 1000 na-agba ọsọ site n'izu ike ruo ọsọ nke m20/s n'ime sekọnd ise. Gbakọọ ike achọrọ iji nweta ọsọ a.
Ngwọta:
Nke mbụ, anyị kwesịrị ịgbakọ ọsọ nke ụgbọala ahụ. Enwere ike ịgbakọ ọsọ (\( a \)) site na iji usoro a:
\[a = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t} \]
Ebe:
– \(\Delta v\) bụ mgbanwe n'ọsọ ọsọ.
– \(\Delta t\) bụ mgbanwe n'oge.
Dochie ụkpụrụ ndị a maara:
\[ a = \frac{20 \, \text{m/s} – 0 \, \text{m/s}}{5 \, \text{sekọnd}} \]
\[ a = \frac{20 \, \text{m/s}}{5 \, \text{sekọnd}} \]
\[ a = 4 \, \ederede{m/s}^2 \]
Ugbu a, anyị nwere ike ịgbakọ ike achọrọ site na iji Iwu nke Abụọ nke Newton:
\[F = ma \]
\[ F = (1000 \, \ederede{kg})(4 \, \ederede{m/s}^2) \]
\[ F = 4000 \, \ederede{N} \]
Ya mere, ike achọrọ iji mee ka ụgbọ ala ahụ dị ngwa bụ 4000 N.
Ihe atụ Ajụjụ nke 2: Ike esemokwu n'ime Igbe
Ajụjụ:
A na-akwali igbe nwere ibu nke kilogram 50 n'elu ala siri ike nke nwere ike nke N300. Ọ bụrụ na ike esemokwu dị n'etiti igbe na elu bụ 100 N, gbakọọ ọsọ nke igbe ahụ.
Ngwọta:
Nke mbụ, anyị na-agbakọ ike net na-arụ ọrụ na igbe ahụ. Ike net (\( F_{\text{net}} \)) bụ ike zuru oke na-arụ ọrụ na ihe mgbe anyị tụlechara ike niile na-arụ ọrụ na ya, gụnyere esemokwu.
\[ F_{\text{net}} = F_{\text{push}} – F_{\text{esemokwu}} \]
\[F_{\text{net}} = 300 \, \text{N} – 100 \, \text{N} \]
\[F_{\text{net}} = 200 \, \text{N} \]
Ugbu a, anyị nwere ike ịgbakọ ọsọ nke igbe ahụ site na iji Iwu nke Abụọ nke Newton:
\[F_{\text{net}} = ma \]
\[ 200 \, \ederede{N} = (50 \, \ederede{kg})a \]
\[a = \frac{200 \, \ederede{N}}{50 \, \ederede{kg}} \]
\[ a = 4 \, \ederede{m/s}^2 \]
Ya mere, ọsọ nke igbe ahụ bụ 4 m/s².
Ajụjụ Ihe Nlereanya nke Atọ: Ịgbakọ Ike Dị Mkpa Iji Bulie Ibu
Ajụjụ:
Krọn na-ebuli ibu nwere oke ibu nke kilogram 200 elu site na ọsọ ọsọ nke 1,5 m/s². Gbakọọ ike nke krọn chọrọ iji bulie ibu ahụ.
Ngwọta:
Nke mbụ, anyị kwesịrị ịgbakọ ike ndọda na-arụ ọrụ na ibu ahụ. Enwere ike ịgbakọ ike ndọda (\( F_g \)) site na iji usoro a:
\[F_g = mg \]
Ebe:
– \( g \) bụ osooso nke sitere na ike ndọda (\( 9,8 \, \text{m/s}^2 \)).
Dochie ụkpụrụ ndị a maara:
\[ F_g = (200 \, \ederede{kg})(9,8 \, \ederede{m/s}^2) \]
\[ F_g = 1960 \, \ederede{N} \]
Ugbu a, anyị na-agbakọ ike zuru oke (\( F \)) nke kreen chọrọ iji bulie ibu ahụ, na-eburu n'uche osooso ọzọ:
\[F = ma + F_g \]
\[ F = (200 \, \ederede{kg})(1,5 \, \ederede{m/s}^2) + 1960 \, \ederede{N} \]
\[ F = 300 \, \ederede{N} + 1960 \, \ederede{N} \]
\[ F = 2260 \, \ederede{N} \]
Ya mere, ike nke kreen chọrọ iji bulie ibu ahụ bụ 2260 N.
Ihe atụ Nsogbu nke 4: Ike n'ime Sistemụ Ihe Abụọ Ejikọtara site na eriri
Ajụjụ:
A na-ejikọta ihe abụọ nwere ibu nke kilogram iri na kilogram iri abụọ n'otu n'otu site na eriri dị mfe ma kwụnye ha na pulley. Gbakọọ ọsọ nke sistemụ ahụ na nrụgide dị n'ime eriri ahụ mgbe a tọhapụrụ sistemụ ahụ site na ezumike.
Ngwọta:
Nke mbụ, ka anyị kọwaa ike ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'ihe abụọ ahụ. Ka anyị kpọọ oke ahụ \( m_1 = 10 \, \text{kg} \) na oke ahụ \( m_2 = 20 \, \text{kg} \). Ike ndọda na-arụ ọrụ n'ihe abụọ ahụ bụ:
\[ F_{g1} = m_1 g = (10 \, \text{kg})(9,8 \, \text{m/s}^2) = 98 \, \text{N} \]
\[ F_{g2} = m_2 g = (20 \, \text{kg})(9,8 \, \text{m/s}^2) = 196 \, \text{N} \]
Ebe ọ bụ na a na-ahapụ sistemụ ahụ site na ezumike, enwere ike ịgbakọ ọsọ nke sistemụ ahụ site na iji Iwu nke Abụọ nke Newton. Ngụkọta ọsọ (\( a \)) nke sistemụ ahụ bụ:
\[ (m_1 + m_2)a = F_{g2} – F_{g1} \]
\[ (10 \, \text{kg} + 20 \, \text{kg})a = 196 \, \text{N} – 98 \, \text{N} \]
\[ 30 \, \ederede{kg} \cdot a = 98 \, \ederede{N} \]
\[a = \frac{98 \, \ederede{N}}{30 \, \ederede{kg}} \]
\[ a = 3,27 \, \ederede{m/s}^2 \]
Ugbua, anyị na-agbakọ nrụgide dị na eriri (\( T \)). Enwere ike ịgbakọ nrụgide dị na eriri ahụ site na iji Iwu nke Abụọ nke Newton na otu n'ime oke ahụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ \( m_1 \):
\[ T – m_1 g = m_1 a \]
\[ T – 98 \, \ederede{N} = (10 \, \ederede{kg})(3,27 \, \ederede{m/s}^2) \]
\[ T – 98 \, \ederede{N} = 32,7 \, \ederede{N} \]
\[ T = 32,7 \, \ederede{N} + 98 \, \ederede{N} \]
\[ T = 130,7 \, \ederede{N} \]
Ya mere, ọsọ nke sistemụ ahụ bụ 3,27 m/s² na nrụgide dị na eriri ahụ bụ 130,7 N.
Mmechi
Site n'ọtụtụ ihe atụ nke Iwu nke Abụọ nke Newton, anyị amụtala otu esi eji ụkpụrụ a agbakọ ike, ọsọ ọsọ, na nrụgide n'ọnọdụ dị iche iche. Iwu nke Abụọ nke Newton abụghị naanị ihe dị mkpa na fiziki echiche kamakwa ọ nwere ọtụtụ ojiji bara uru na ndụ kwa ụbọchị na teknụzụ. Site n'ịghọta na ime Iwu nke Abụọ nke Newton, anyị nwere ike idozi ọtụtụ nsogbu mekaniki nke ọma na nke ziri ezi.
