Ajụjụ Ihe Nlereanya Na-ekwu Maka Nhazi Nkwado Maka Ịtụfu Ihe Mkpofu Metabolic
Sistemụ mwepụ ihe dị n'ime ihe ndị dị ndụ na-arụ ọrụ dị oke mkpa n'iwepụ ihe mkpofu metabolic nke nwere ike ịkpata nsí ma ọ bụ ihe na-emerụ ahụ ma ọ bụrụ na ọ gbakọta n'ime ahụ. Ihe mkpofu ndị a gụnyere ihe dị iche iche, dị ka urea, carbon dioxide, na nnu. Iji ghọta otu usoro a si arụ ọrụ, anyị kwesịrị ịmụ banyere nhazi na ọrụ nke akụkụ ahụ mwepụ ihe ndị a: akụrụ, imeju, akpa ume, akpụkpọ ahụ, na sistemụ lymphatic. Isiokwu a ga-atụle nsogbu dị iche iche metụtara usoro ndị na-akwado iwepụ ihe mkpofu metabolic, yana nkọwa ha.
Ajụjụ Ihe Nlereanya nke 1: Ọrụ Akụrụ na Sistemụ Mmịpụta
Ajụjụ:
Kọwaa otu akụrụ si arụ ọrụ n'iwepụ ihe mkpofu metabolic n'ahụ ma kọwaa usoro ndị dị na usoro a!
Azịza:
Akụrụ bụ akụkụ ahụ dị mkpa n'ime sistemu mwepụ ihe, na-enyocha ọbara iji wepụ ihe mkpofu na mmiri gabigara ókè n'ụdị mmamịrị. Nzacha ọbara na-eme na nephrons, obere ngalaba ọrụ akụrụ. Akụrụ na-agafe ọtụtụ usoro na mwepụ nke ihe mkpofu metabolic:
1. Nzacha: Ọ na-eme na glomerulus, ebe a na-asacha ọbara, ma na-emepụta glomerular filtrate nke nwere mmiri, ion, glucose, na ihe mkpofu dịka urea.
2. Mbughachi: N'ime tubule proximal, a na-amịkọrọ ọtụtụ mmiri, glucose, na ion dị mkpa n'ime ọbara.
3. Mmịpụta: A na-ewepụ ihe mkpofu ndị a na-achọghị, dị ka ion hydrogen na creatinine, n'ọbara ahụ gaa na tubules maka ịtụfu.
4. Mwepụ: Mmamịrị a na-emepụta na-agafe na tube dị n'akụkụ ya banye na ọkpọkọ na-anakọta ihe, na-aga na ureter, wee debe ya n'ime akpa mmamịrị tupu a mịpụ ya site na urethra.
Site na usoro ndị a, akụrụ na-ahụ na naanị ihe mkpofu na ihe ndị karịrị akarị ka a na-ewepụta, ebe ihe ndị dị mkpa na-anọkwa n'ahụ.
Ajụjụ Ihe Nlereanya nke Abụọ: Ọrụ nke Imeju na Mmebi ahụ na Mwepụ Ihe
Ajụjụ:
Kedu ka imeju si etinye aka na nhazi ihe mkpofu metabolic? Kpọọ aha usoro ndị dị mkpa na usoro a!
Azịza:
Imeju na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ime metabolism na iwepụ nsị. Otu n'ime ọrụ ya bụ isi bụ ịhazi ammonia na-egbu egbu ka ọ bụrụ urea dị nchebe site na usoro urea. A na-ebuga urea a na akụrụ maka mwepụ. Na mgbakwunye, imeju na-arụ ọrụ na:
– Ịwepụ ọgwụ na nsí, ebe enzymes imeju na-agbanwe ihe ndị a ka ha bụrụ ụdị mmiri na-agbaze maka mwepụ na mmamịrị ma ọ bụ bile.
- Metabolism nke abụba na carbohydrate, ebe imeju na-achịkwa ọkwa glucose na lipids n'ọbara, na-ahụ na nhazi kwesịrị ekwesị.
– Mmepụta bile, nke na-enyere aka na mgbaze abụba ma na-ewepụkwa bilirubin, ihe mkpofu nke mmebi nke mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara uhie.
Isi ihe dị n'ime imeju nke na-akwado ọrụ ndị a bụ lobules hepatic, hepatocytes (mkpụrụ ndụ imeju), ọwara bile, na sinusoids nke na-eme ka ọbara banye na mkpụrụ ndụ imeju iji rụọ ọrụ ha.
Ajụjụ Ihe Nlereanya nke Atọ: Ọrụ Akpụkpọ Ahụ Na-arụ na Mmịpụta Ahụ
Ajụjụ:
Ọ bụ ezie na a maghị akpụkpọ ahụ nke ọma, ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ dị mkpa n'usoro mmịpụta ahụ. Kọwaa ọrụ akpụkpọ ahụ na usoro a na ihe ndị metụtara ya!
Azịza:
Akpụkpọ ahụ bụ otu n'ime akụkụ ahụ kachasị ukwuu nke na-amịpụta ihe n'ahụ mmadụ. Ọrụ ya bụ isi bụ site na gland ọsụsọ, nke na-enyere aka iwepụ ihe mkpofu metabolic n'ụdị ọsụsọ. Usoro a gụnyere ọtụtụ usoro:
– Sweat glands: E nwere ụdị abụọ: eccrine na apocrine. Ha abụọ na-arụ ọrụ imepụta ma na-ewepụta ọsụsọ, nke nwere mmiri, nnu, na ihe mkpofu ndị ọzọ dị ka urea na lactic acid.
– Oghere akpụkpọ ahụ: Ebe ọsụsọ na-apụta n'elu akpụkpọ ahụ, nke na-enyekwa aka na nhazi okpomọkụ nke ahụ.
Usoro mwepụta site na akpụkpọ ahụ na-enyere aka ịchịkwa okpomọkụ ahụ ma nọgide na-enwe nguzozi mmiri na electrolyte.
Ihe atụ Ajụjụ nke 4: Ọrụ nke akpa ume n'iwepụ ihe mkpofu metabolic.
Ajụjụ:
Kedu ọrụ nke akpa ume na sistemụ mmịpụta ahụ, kedu ka nhazi nke akpa ume si akwado ọrụ a?
Azịza:
A maara akpa ume nke ọma maka ọrụ iku ume ha, mana ha na-arụkwa ọrụ n'iwepụ carbon dioxide, ihe mkpofu nke metabolism sel. Usoro a na-akwado site na usoro ndị a:
– Alveoli: Obere akpa ikuku n'ime akpa ume ebe mgbanwe gas na-eme. A na-ebuga carbon dioxide site n'ọbara gaa na alveoli, ebe a na-ekupụ ya mgbe anyị na-eku ume.
– Mkpụrụ ndụ akpa ume: Obere arịa ọbara gbara alveoli gburugburu nke na-ekesa ọbara n'ime akpa ume, na-enye ohere mgbanwe nke carbon dioxide na oxygen.
Site na iwepụ carbon dioxide, ngụgụ na-enyere aka ịnọgide na-enwe pH ọbara kwụsiri ike ma gbochie acidosis.
Ajụjụ Ihe atụ nke 5: Sistemụ Lymphatic na Excretory
Ajụjụ:
Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị akụkụ nke sistemu mmịpụta ahụ, sistemu lymphatic na-enyere aka iwepụ ihe mkpofu metabolic. Kọwaa otu sistemu a si arụ ọrụ!
Azịza:
Sistemụ lymphatic na-arụ ọrụ nkwado na mkpofu ihe mkpofu, ọkachasị nke sitere na mmiri anụ ahụ. A na-eji arịa lymphatic ebuga ihe mkpofu na mmiri gabigara ókè site na anụ ahụ wee na-asachapụ ya site na lymph nodes, nke nwere mkpụrụ ndụ na-alụso ọrịa ọgụ iji lụso nje ọgụ.
– Akwara lymphatic: Na-ebuga mmiri dị n'etiti akwara, protein, na ihe mkpofu gabigara ókè site na anụ ahụ laghachi na mgbasa ọbara maka mkpofu.
– Lymph nodes: Na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ebe nzacha na nchekwa, na-ehicha lymph site na nje na ihe mkpofu ndị ọzọ tupu ọ laghachi n'ọbara.
Sistemụ lymphatic na-enyekwa aka n'itinye abụba site na lacteals n'ime obere eriri afọ, tupu a hazie ma wepụ abụba ndị a ma ọ bụrụ na ha karịrị akarị.
Ịmụ ihe gbasara akụkụ ahụ na usoro ndị na-akwado sistemu mmịpụta dị oke mkpa iji ghọta otu ahụ anyị si edozi homeostasis ma wepụ ihe mkpofu metabolic nke ọma. Site n'ịghọta ọrụ nke akụkụ ọ bụla, anyị nwere ike ịghọta nke ọma mgbagwoju anya na arụmọrụ nke ahụ anyị ma kpachara anya karịa maka ihe ịrịba ama nke nsogbu ndị nwere ike imetụta ahụike anyị.
