Ajụjụ na Mkparịta ụka gbasara Nha nhata na Usoro Mmeghachi omume
Ịghọta na ịmụ ọnụego mmeghachi omume na usoro mmeghachi omume bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke ọmụmụ nke kinetics kemịkalụ. N'isiokwu a, anyị ga-atụle echiche ndị bụ isi, gosipụta nsogbu ihe atụ, ma gosipụta mkparịta ụka nke nha nha ọnụego mmeghachi omume na usoro mmeghachi omume.
Okwu Mmalite nke Ọnụego Mmeghachi omume na Usoro Mmeghachi omume
Ọnụego mmeghachi omume
Ọnụego mmeghachi omume bụ ọnụego mgbanwe na mkpokọta nke ihe mmeghachi omume ma ọ bụ ngwaahịa kwa oge nkeji. Na nha nha ọnụego, anyị na-ahụkarị ụdị izugbe a:
\[ \text{rate} = k \cdot [A]^m \cdot [B]^n \]
Ebe:
– \(\text{rate}\) bụ ọnụego mmeghachi omume.
– \(k\) bụ mgbanwe ọnụego mmeghachi omume.
– \([A]\) na \([B]\) bụ njupụta nke ihe ndị na-emeghachi omume A na B.
– \(m\) na \(n\) bụ usoro mmeghachi omume gbasara A na B.
Usoro Mmeghachi omume
Usoro mmeghachi omume na-akọwa etu mmetụta nke ntinye nke ihe mmeghachi omume si emetụta ọnụego mmeghachi omume. Usoro mmeghachi omume niile bụ mkpokọta nke usoro nke ihe mmeghachi omume ọ bụla.
Ajụjụ na Mkparịta ụka gbasara Ọnụego Mmeghachi omume na Usoro Mmeghachi omume
Ajụjụ Ihe Nlereanya nke 1
Ajụjụ:
A na-enye mmeghachi omume dị n'etiti ihe A na ihe B site na nhazi kemịkalụ:
\[ A + 2B \akara aka nri C \]
A maara na ọnụego mmeghachi omume maka mmeghachi omume a bụ:
\[ \text{rate} = k \cdot [A]^2 \cdot [B] \]
1. Chọpụta usoro mmeghachi omume gbasara A na B.
2. Chọpụta usoro niile nke mmeghachi omume ahụ.
Azịza:
1. Site na nha nha ọnụego \( \text{rate} = k \cdot [A]^2 \cdot [B] \), anyị nwere ike ịhụ nke ahụ:
– Usoro mmeghachi omume gbasara A bụ 2 (n'ihi na ihe ngosipụta nke \([A]\) bụ 2).
– Usoro mmeghachi omume gbasara B bụ 1 (n'ihi na ihe ngosipụta nke \([B]\) bụ 1).
2. Ngụkọta usoro mmeghachi omume ahụ bụ ngụkọta nke usoro nke ihe mmeghachi omume ọ bụla:
– Ngụkọta usoro = Ngụkọta usoro A + Ngụkọta usoro B = 2 + 1 = 3.
Ajụjụ Ihe Nlereanya nke 2
Ajụjụ:
Site na nnwale, enwetara data ọnụego mmeghachi omume ndị a:
| [A] (mol/L) | [B] (mol/L) | Ọnụego mmeghachi omume (mol/L s) |
|———-|———-|—————————–|
| 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.01 |
| 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.02 |
| 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.08 |
1. Chọpụta usoro mmeghachi omume maka ihe ndị na-eme mmeghachi omume A na B.
2. Gbakọọ ọnụego mmeghachi omume (k).
Azịza:
1. Iji chọpụta usoro mmeghachi omume, anyị kwesịrị ileba anya n'otú ọnụego mmeghachi omume si agbanwe mgbe agbanwere njupụta nke ihe mmeghachi omume:
– Kpebie usoro mmeghachi omume gbasara A:
Tụlee nnwale nke 2 na nke 3:
– \([A]\) na-abawanye site na 0.1 M ruo 0.2 M (okpukpu abụọ), ebe \([B]\) na-anọgide na 0.2 M.
– Ọkwa mmeghachi omume ahụ na-abawanye site na 0.02 mol/L s ruo 0.08 mol/L s (okpukpu anọ).
Enwere ike ikpebi usoro mmeghachi omume gbasara A site na usoro nha anya:
\[ \left(\frac{0.2}{0.1}\nri)^m = \frac{0.08}{0.02} \]
\[ 2^m = 4 \]
\[ m = 2 \]
– Kpebie usoro mmeghachi omume gbasara B:
Tụlee nnwale nke 1 na nke 2:
– \([B]\) na-abawanye site na 0.1 M ruo 0.2 M (okpukpu abụọ), ebe \([A]\) na-anọgide na 0.1 M.
– Ọkwa mmeghachi omume ahụ na-abawanye site na 0.01 mol/L s ruo 0.02 mol/L s (okpukpu abụọ).
Enwere ike ikpebi usoro mmeghachi omume gbasara B site na usoro nha anya:
\[ \left(\frac{0.2}{0.1}\nri)^n = \frac{0.02}{0.01} \]
\[ 2^n = 2 \]
\[ n = 1 \]
2. Chọpụta mgbanwe ọnụego mmeghachi omume (k):
Jiri data sitere na otu n'ime nnwale ndị ahụ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, nnwale nke 1):
\[ \text{rate} = k \cdot [A]^2 \cdot [B] \]
\[ 0.01 = k \cdot (0.1)^2 \cdot 0.1 \]
\[ 0.01 = k \cdot 0.001 \]
\[ k = \frac{0.01}{0.001} = 10 \, \ederede{L}^2/(\ederede{mol}^2 \cdot \ederede{s}) \]
Ajụjụ Ihe Nlereanya nke 3
Ajụjụ:
Mmeghachi omume na-eso usoro ọnụego a:
\[ \text{rate} = k \cdot [A]^{1/2} \cdot [B]^2 \]
Ọ bụrụ na mkpokọta mbụ nke A na B bụ 0.36 M na 0.2 M, n'otu n'otu, kedu ka ọnụego mmeghachi omume dị na nke a ma ọ bụrụ na \( k = 5 \, \text{L}^{5/2} / (\text{mol}^{5/2} \cdot \text{s}) \)?
Azịza:
Jiri usoro ọnụego enyere:
\[ \text{rate} = k \cdot [A]^{1/2} \cdot [B]^2 \]
Tinye ụkpụrụ enyere:
\[ \text{rate} = 5 \cdot (0.36)^{1/2} \cdot (0.2)^2 \]
Gbakọọ uru ntinye uche:
\[ (0.36)^{1/2} = 0.6 \]
\[ (0.2)^2 = 0.04 \]
Ugbu a, tinye ụkpụrụ ndị ahụ n'ime nha nhata:
\[ \text{rate} = 5 \cdot 0.6 \cdot 0.04 \]
\[ \text{rate} = 5 \cdot 0.024 \]
\[ \text{rate} = 0.12 \, \text{mol/L\ s} \]
Ọnụọgụ mmeghachi omume na njupụta a bụ 0.12 mol/L s.
Mmechi
Usoro nhazi ọnụego mmeghachi omume na usoro mmeghachi omume bụ echiche ndị bụ isi na kinetics kemịkalụ. Site n'ịghọta otu njupụta mmeghachi omume si emetụta ọnụego mmeghachi omume, anyị nwere ike ịgbakọ ọnụego mmeghachi omume ma chọpụta mgbanwe ọnụego. Isiokwu a na-enye ihe atụ nke nsogbu na ngwọta iji nyere aka ịghọta echiche ndị a. Nghọta dị mma nke isiokwu ndị a dị mkpa maka ojiji bara uru na ụlọ nyocha kemịkalụ na usoro ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe.
Site n'ịmụ ihe ugboro ugboro na nyocha nke ọma, anyị nwere ike ịghọta nke ọma otu esi ekpebi usoro mmeghachi omume ma jiri nha nhata ọnụego mee ihe n'ọnọdụ dị iche iche. Ọ dị mma mmụta!
