Cov Txheej Txheem Ua Lub TV nrog VA Vaj Huam Sib Luag
Cov TV niaj hnub no tsis yog tsuas yog "lub thawv duab xwb," tab sis yog cov khoom tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv kho qhov muag, thiab kev tswj xyuas zoo. Ib hom vaj huam sib luag siv dav hauv LED / LCD TVs niaj hnub no yog VA (Vertical Alignment) vaj huam sib luag. VA vaj huam sib luag paub txog lawv qhov sib piv siab, lub peev xwm los tso saib cov xim dub tob dua li qee lwm yam thev naus laus zis LCD, thiab kev ua tau zoo rau kev saib cov yeeb yaj kiab hauv cov chav tsaus ntuj. Tsab xov xwm no npog cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm lub TV nrog VA vaj huam sib luag txij thaum pib mus txog thaum kawg, los ntawm kev tsim qauv mus rau kev sim zaum kawg ua ntej cov khoom raug ntim thiab xa khoom.
1. Kev Npaj Khoom thiab Cov Lus Qhia Tshwj Xeeb
Theem pib ntawm kev tsim TV pib nrog kev tsim khoom thiab kev txiav txim siab txog cov lus qhia. Tus neeg tsim khoom txiav txim siab qhov loj ntawm lub vijtsam (piv txwv li, 43, 55, lossis 65 nti), kev daws teeb meem (Full HD / 4K / 8K), hom backlight (Direct LED lossis Edge LED), refresh rate, kev txhawb nqa HDR, kev tsim lub cev, thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm TV ntse. Thaum lub sijhawm no, lub vaj huam sib luag VA kuj tseem txiav txim siab raws li lub hom phiaj ua lag luam: TVs tsim rau kev paub txog cinematic feem ntau tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm qhov sib piv siab ntawm VA panels.
Cov pab pawg tsim khoom kuj teeb tsa cov hom phiaj rau qhov kaj, xim gamut, lub teeb sib xws, thiab kev txwv kev kam rau cov pixels tsis zoo. Cov hom phiaj no yuav ua haujlwm ua cov qauv rau cov txheej txheem tsim khoom thiab kev tswj xyuas zoo.
2. Kev Tsim Khoom Siv Iav thiab TFT Qauv
Txawm hais tias cov TV feem ntau hu ua "LED TVs," feem ntau ntawm VA-panel TVs yog LCDs uas siv LEDs ua lawv qhov chaw teeb pom kev zoo. Lub plawv ntawm lub vijtsam LCD yog ob txheej iav: ib sab pem hauv ntej thiab ib sab nraub qaum, ib qho ntawm cov no tau muab tso rau hauv lub network ntawm cov transistors nyias-zaj duab xis (TFTs). Cov TFTs no tswj txhua lub sub-pixel kom nws qhib thiab kaw raws li lub teeb liab duab.
Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom TFT tshwm sim hauv cov chaw tsim khoom semiconductor tshwj xeeb thiab muaj ntau kauj ruam tseem ceeb:
1. Kev tso zaj duab xis nyias nyias: Cov ntaub ntawv xws li amorphous silicon, oxides, lossis lwm yam ntaub ntawv raug tso rau ntawm qhov chaw iav.
2. Photolithography: Txoj kev thiab cov qauv transistor yog tsim los ntawm kev siv lub ntsej muag thiab lub teeb pom kev zoo, zoo ib yam li kev tsim cov chip tab sis ntawm cov iav loj.
3. Kev khawb thiab ntxuav: Qee cov txheej raug tshem tawm raws li tus qauv, tom qab ntawd ntxuav kom tsis txhob muaj kuab paug.
4. Kev tsim hluav taws xob: Cov kev coj ua thiab cov hluav taws xob pixel raug tsim los coj hluav taws xob mus rau LCD cell.
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm theem no yog ib qho "TFT iav" uas meej heev, vim tias qhov yuam kev me me tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov duab tuag lossis cov duab tsis sib xws.
3. Txheej Txheem Sib Tov VA Ib Txwm Muaj
Ib qho ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm VA panels thiab IPS/TN panels yog txoj kev uas cov kua siv lead ua kua tau teeb tsa thaum tsis muaj hluav taws xob siv. Hauv VA, cov molecules feem ntau sib dhos perpendicular rau qhov chaw iav, ua rau lub teeb zoo dua "khaws cia" thiab tsim cov xim dub zoo dua. Yuav kom ua tiav qhov kev taw qhia no, qhov chaw iav tau kho nrog txheej sib dhos thiab kev kho tshwj xeeb.
Feem ntau cov txheej txheem suav nrog:
- Ib txheej nyias nyias ntawm cov khoom siv sib dhos (feem ntau yog ua los ntawm polymer).
- Cov txheej txheem "rubbing" lossis lwm txoj hauv kev sib phim los kho qhov micro-direction ntawm qhov chaw kom cov kua siv lead ua raws li qhov kev taw qhia xav tau.
- Hauv qee qhov kev hloov pauv VA (piv txwv li MVA/PVA), cov qauv sau ntawv yog siv los txhim kho cov ces kaum pom los ntawm kev faib cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov molecules mus rau ntau qhov kev taw qhia.
Theem no tseem ceeb heev vim nws cuam tshuam rau qhov sib piv, kev sib xws, thiab kev hloov xim thaum saib ntawm sab.
4. Ua ib lub lim xim
Cov txheej tom ntej yog cov lim xim uas txiav txim siab cov xim liab, ntsuab, thiab xiav (RGB) ntawm txhua pixel. Cov lim xim kuj tseem tsim los ntawm kev siv cov txheej txheem photolithography rov ua dua los luam tawm cov qauv xim RGB sib phim nrog TFT thiab pixel electrodes.
Ntxiv rau qhov lim RGB, muaj ib lub matrix dub, ib qho qauv dub uas txo qhov xau ntawm lub teeb hauv thaj chaw tsis ua haujlwm, yog li ua rau muaj qhov sib piv ntau dua. Ntawm VA panels, kev tswj qhov xau ntawm lub teeb yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj kom muaj qhov zoo dua "dub tob".
5. LCD Cell Arrangement thiab Kua Crystal Filling
Thaum lub iav TFT thiab lub iav lim xim tiav lawm, lawv raug muab sib xyaw ua ke los ua ib lub "LCD cell." Cov no suav nrog:
- Cov khoom sib nrug (cov hlaws me me lossis cov ncej) kom cov qhov sib nrug ntawm cov iav sib npaug.
- Cov tshuaj nplaum (cov nplaum tshwj xeeb) rau ntawm ntug ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag kom kaw qhov chaw ntawm lub cell.
Tom qab ua tiav cov txheej txheem lamination thiab sealing, lub vaj huam sib luag puv nrog cov kua siv lead ua kua los ntawm cov qhov puv siv txoj kev nqus tsev kom tshem tawm cov pa npuas. Cov qhov ces kaw. Kev sib npaug ntawm kev sau yog qhov tseem ceeb rau qhov zoo: cov npuas me me lossis cov khoom tsis huv tuaj yeem tshwm sim ua cov pob ntawm lub vijtsam.
6. Ntxiv cov Polarizer thiab Optical Cheebtsam
LCDs xav tau cov polarizers nyob rau sab pem hauv ntej thiab sab nraub qaum los tswj qhov polarization ntawm lub teeb. Cov polarizers raug siv nrog kev lamination kom raug kom tiv thaiv cov npuas lossis wrinkles. Cov TV niaj hnub no feem ntau muaj cov yeeb yaj kiab kho qhov muag ntxiv, xws li:
- Zaj duab xis them nyiaj kom txo cov xim / kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ces kaum pom.
- Cov diffusers thiab cov ntawv prism (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov backlights) los nthuav thiab coj lub teeb.
Ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag VA, cov yeeb yaj kiab them rov qab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb vim tias cov vaj huam sib luag VA muaj lub kaum sab xis nqaim dua li cov vaj huam sib luag IPS. Nrog cov yeeb yaj kiab zoo, cov chaw tsim khoom tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ruaj khov ntawm xim thiab txo qhov dej ntws thaum saib los ntawm sab.
7. Kev Tsim Khoom thiab Kev Sib Koom Ua Ke ntawm Chav Backlight (BLU)
Vim tias LCDs tsis tso lawv lub teeb tawm, yuav tsum muaj Backlight Unit (BLU). Muaj ob hom:
– LED ncaj qha: Cov LEDs nyob tom qab lub vaj huam sib luag, feem ntau muab kev sib npaug zoo dua thiab tsim nyog rau kev tsaus ntuj hauv zos.
– LED Ntug: LED ntawm ntug, lub teeb raug xa mus los ntawm lub phaj qhia teeb; lub cev TV tuaj yeem nyias dua.
Ib lub BLU muaj ib lub LED, ib lub dab dej kub lossis lub phaj txias, ib lub reflector, ib lub diffuser, thiab ib daim prism. Lub BLU sib dhos yuav tsum tswj lub teeb kom sib npaug thiab tswj tau qhov kub. Qhov kub uas tsis tswj tau yuav ua rau lub LED siv tau ntev dua lossis ua rau xim hloov pauv.
8. Sib dhos cov Modules Vaj Huam Sib Luag rau hauv ib lub TV tiav
Thaum cov LCD thiab BLU modules npaj txhij lawm, lawv yuav muab sib xyaw ua ke ua ib qho screen module. Tom qab ntawd, tag nrho cov txheej txheem sib dhos TV pib, uas suav nrog:
- Lub motherboard (image processor, smart TV operating system, HDMI connectivity, Wi-Fi, thiab lwm yam).
- T-Con board (Timing Controller) uas tswj cov teeb liab sib dhos rau lub vaj huam sib luag.
- Lub zog fais fab thiab lub backlight tsav tsheb Circuit Court.
- Lub tso suab, lub plhaub, bezel thiab lub bracket mounting.
Feem ntau cov kev sib txuas rau lub vaj huam sib luag siv cov xov hlau uas yooj ywm (FPC/FFC) thiab cov khoom sib txuas uas raug. Txhua qhov kev sib txuas yuav tsum ruaj khov tab sis tsis txhob nias lub vaj huam sib luag, vim tias kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub tshuab tuaj yeem ua rau "mura" (tsis sib npaug) lossis lub teeb xau ntawm ntug.
9. Kev Kho Duab thiab Kev Teeb tsa Firmware
Ua ntej lub TV npaj muag, lub chaw tsim khoom yuav ua qhov kev kho kom raug thiab kev tsim cov firmware. Cov theem no yuav suav nrog:
- Kev sib npaug dawb thiab gamma sib phim.
- Kev kho kom sib xws (ntawm qee cov qauv muaj kev them nyiaj rau lub Hoobkas).
- Cov chaw teeb tsa duab profile (Tus qauv, Yeeb yaj kiab, Vivid) thiab cov yam ntxwv xws li kev tsaus ntuj hauv zos lossis kev txav mus los du.
Ntawm VA vaj huam sib luag TVs, kev kho kom raug kuj tseem tsom mus rau qhov siab tshaj plaws qhov sib piv yam tsis ua rau "dub crush" (poob ntawm cov ntsiab lus tsaus ntuj) lossis banding.
10. Kev Tswj Xyuas Zoo: Kev Ntsuas Pixel, Kev Sib Xws, thiab Kev Ruaj Khov
Kev tswj xyuas zoo ntawm cov TVs uas muaj VA panels feem ntau yog nruj heev, vim tias LCD panels rhiab heev rau cov qhov me me. Cov kev ntsuam xyuas ib txwm muaj xws li:
- Sim cov pixels tuag thiab cov pixels daig siv cov qauv xim khov kho.
- Kev ntsuam xyuas qhov xau ntawm lub teeb thiab qhov backlight sib xws, suav nrog kev kuaj xyuas "qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov screen qias neeg".
- Sim qhov sib piv thiab cov qib dub hauv chav tsaus ntuj kom paub tseeb tias VA ua haujlwm raws li qhov xav tau.
- Sim kev sib txuas (HDMI, suab, Wi-nkaus, Bluetooth) thiab hom ntawv sib xws.
- Kev sim hlawv/kev sim laus kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom ruaj khov tom qab siv tau rau ib lub sijhawm.
- Kev ntsuam xyuas tshuab: kev co, kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub connector, thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm kev teeb tsa.
Cov vaj huam sib luag uas tsis dhau cov qauv yuav raug kho yog tias ua tau lossis cais ua cov chav tsis lees txais.
11. Kev Ntim Khoom thiab Kev Faib Khoom
Kauj ruam kawg yog ntxuav lub vaj huam sib luag, muab daim zaj duab xis tiv thaiv, thiab tom qab ntawd muab ua npuas ncauj uas nqus tau kev co. Lub TV raug kuaj xyuas ib ntus kom paub tseeb tias tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj thaum lub sijhawm ntim khoom. Tom qab ntawd cov khoom nkag mus rau hauv lub tsev rau khoom thiab muab faib rau kev ua lag luam.
Kev kaw
Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom rau lub TV nrog lub vaj huam sib luag VA yog ib qho txheej txheem ntev uas xav tau kev ua haujlwm siab thiab ntau txheej ntawm kev tswj xyuas zoo. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm VA panels - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov sib piv siab thiab cov xim dub tob dua - yog los ntawm kev tsim tshwj xeeb ntawm cov hlwb LCD thiab kev sib phim ntawm cov kua siv lead ua kua, ntxiv txhim kho los ntawm lub kaw lus backlight, zaj duab xis optical, thiab lub Hoobkas calibration. Qhov kawg yog lub TV zoo rau kev saib xinesmas, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov chav tsaus ntuj, tsuav yog cov neeg siv nkag siab tias VA cov zaub feem ntau xav tau cov thev naus laus zis ntxiv los nthuav lub kaum sab xis saib. Nrog kev sib xyaw ua ke zoo ntawm cov khoom siv engineering, optics, thiab electronics, VA panels tseem yog qhov kev xaiv nrov hauv kev lag luam TV niaj hnub no.
Yog tias koj xav tau, kuv tuaj yeem ntxiv ib ntu luv luv ntawm VA vs IPS vs OLED sib piv, lossis hloov kho tsab xov xwm no mus rau hauv kev kawm / kev nyiam thiab ua tiav nrog cov ntaub ntawv teev cia.
