Kev sib tsoo ib nrab elastic

Kev sib tsoo ib nrab elastic

Hauv kev sib tsoo uas muaj qee qhov elastic, txoj cai ntawm kev txuag lub zog momentum siv tau, thaum txoj cai txuag lub zog kinetic tsis siv tau. Thaum lub sijhawm sib tsoo tshwm sim, qee lub zog kinetic raug hloov mus ua lub zog suab, lub zog cua sov, thiab lub zog sab hauv. Kev siv lo lus elastic qhia tias tom qab kev sib tsoo, ob yam khoom tsis lo ua ke tab sis dhia tawm.

Ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev sib tsoo ib nrab yog qhov kev sib tsoo ib-seem ntawm ob lub pob zeb lossis ob lub pob pas dej ua ke.

Piv txwv lo lus nug 1.

Cov khoom A thiab B uas hnyav 1 kg thiab 2 kg, feem ntau txav mus rau hauv kev taw qhia sib txawv ntawm qhov ceev ntawm 4 m/s thiab 2 m/s, feem ntau thiab sib tsoo hauv kev sib tsoo ib nrab elastic. Yog tias tom qab sib tsoo khoom A txav mus rau qhov ceev ntawm 2 m/s, qhov ceev ntawm khoom B yog dab tsi?

Paub:

m_A = 1 kg, m_B = 2 kg, v_A = 4 m/s (xav tias sab xis), v_B = -2 m/s (xav tias sab laug), v_A ' = – 2 m/s

Xav tau: v_B '

Tshuaj:

m_A v_A +m_B v_B = kuv_A v_A ' + m_B v_B '

(1 kg)(4 m/s) + (2 kg)(-2 m/s) = (1 kg)(-2 m/s) + (2 kg)(v)_B')

4 kg m/s – 4 kg m/s = -2 kg m/s + (2 kg) v_B'

0 = – 2 kg m/s + (2 kg)(v_B')

-2 kg m/s = – 2 kg v_B '

v_B' = 1 m/s

Tom qab sib tsoo, khoom B txav mus rau qhov ceev ntawm 1 m/s (xav tias sab xis) thiab khoom A txav mus rau qhov ceev ntawm 2 m/s (xav tias sab laug)

Piv txwv lo lus nug 2.

Cov khoom A thiab B uas muaj qhov hnyav ntawm 4-kg thiab 5-kg mus ze rau ib leeg hauv qhov kev taw qhia sib txawv, raws li pom hauv daim duab hauv qab no. Tom qab kev sib tsoo, ob qho khoom tig rov qab nrog qhov ceev ntawm A = 4 ms^-1 thiab qhov ceev ntawm B = 2 ms^-1. Qhov ceev ntawm yam khoom B ua ntej kev sib tsoo yog dab tsi?

Paub:

Qhov hnyav ntawm yam khoom A (m_A) = 4 kg

Qhov hnyav ntawm yam khoom B (m_B) = 5 kg

Qhov ceev ntawm yam khoom A ua ntej sib tsoo (v_A) = 6 m/s

Qhov ceev ntawm yam khoom A tom qab sib tsoo (v_A') = 4 m/s

Qhov ceev ntawm yam khoom B tom qab sib tsoo (v_B') = -2 m/s

Cov cim ntxiv thiab cov cim rho qhia tias ob qho khoom txav mus rau hauv cov kev taw qhia sib txawv.

Xav tau: Qhov ceev ntawm yam khoom B ua ntej sib tsoo (v_B)

Tshuaj:

m_A v_A +m_B v_B = kuv_A v_A' + m_B v_B'

(4)(6)+(5)(-2) = (4)(4)+(5)(v_B')

24 – 10 = 16 + 5(v)_B')

14 – 16 = 5 (v)_B')

-2 = 5 (v)_B')

v_B' = -2/5

v_B' = -0.4

Lub cim rho tawm qhia tias qhov kev taw qhia ntawm yam khoom tom qab kev sib tsoo txawv ntawm qhov kev taw qhia ua ntej kev sib tsoo.

Piv txwv lo lus nug 3.

Ob yam khoom uas muaj tib lub cev hnyav sib ze li pom hauv daim duab hauv qab no.

Yog tias v₂' yog qhov ceev ntawm lub khoom (2) tom qab kev sib tsoo mus rau sab xis nrog qhov ceev ntawm 5 ms^-1, qhov ceev ntawm yam khoom ib v yog dab tsi?₁ ' (1) tom qab kev sib tsoo?

Paub:

Qhov hnyav ntawm txhua yam khoom = m

Qhov ceev ntawm yam khoom 1 ua ntej sib tsoo (v₁) = 8 m/s

Qhov ceev ntawm yam khoom 2 ua ntej sib tsoo (v₂) = 10 m/s

Qhov ceev ntawm yam khoom 2 tom qab sib tsoo (v₂') = 5 m/s

Xav tau: Qhov ceev ntawm yam khoom 1 tom qab sib tsoo (v₁')

Tshuaj:

m₁ v₁+m₂ v₂ = kuv₁ v₁' + m₂ v₂'

m (v)₁ +v₂) = m(v)₁' + v₂')

v₁ +v₂ = v₁' + v₂'

8 + 10 = v₁' + 5

18 = v₁' + 5

v₁' = 18-5

v₁' = 13 m/s

20 cov lus nug thiab lus teb txog kev sib tsoo ib nrab elastic:

1. Nqe lus nug: Kev sib tsoo ib feem ntawm elastic yog dab tsi? teb: Kev sib tsoo uas ib feem ntawm elastic yog qhov uas qee lub zog kinetic raug khaws cia, tab sis tsis yog txhua yam. Cov khoom rov qab los ntawm ib leeg tab sis tsis nrog lawv lub zog kinetic tag nrho.

2. Nqe lus nug: Kev sib tsoo uas ib nrab elastic txawv li cas ntawm kev sib tsoo uas elastic tag nrho? teb: Hauv kev sib tsoo uas zoo tag nrho elastic, lub zog kinetic tag nrho raug khaws cia, thaum nyob rau hauv kev sib tsoo uas ib nrab elastic, tsuas yog ib feem ntawm lub zog kinetic raug khaws cia.

3. Nqe lus nug: Dab tsi tseem khaws cia rau hauv kev sib tsoo uas ib nrab ywj pheej? teb: Lub zog tseem khaws cia rau hauv txhua hom kev sib tsoo, suav nrog qee qhov elastic.

4. Nqe lus nug: Tus nqi them rov qab yog li cas, $e$, siv los piav qhia txog qhov elasticity ntawm kev sib tsoo? teb: Rau qee qhov kev sib tsoo elastic, $0<e<1$. Qhov ze dua $e$ yog rau 1, qhov kev sib tsoo ntau dua elastic.

5. Nqe lus nug: Tus coefficient ntawm kev them rov qab puas tuaj yeem loj dua 1? teb: Tsis yog. Tus coefficient ntawm kev hloov pauv ntau dua 1 yuav txhais tau tias muaj zog kinetic ntau dua tom qab kev sib tsoo dua li ua ntej, uas ua txhaum kev txuag hluav taws xob.

6. Nqe lus nug: Vim li cas ho tsis khaws tag nrho lub zog kinetic hauv kev sib tsoo ib nrab elastic? teb: Qee lub zog kinetic raug hloov mus ua lwm yam, xws li suab, cua sov, lossis kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom.

7. Nqe lus nug: Koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab li cas txog qhov ntau ntawm lub zog kinetic uas khaws cia rau hauv kev sib tsoo ib nrab elastic? teb: Los ntawm kev sib piv tag nrho lub zog kinetic ua ntej thiab tom qab kev sib tsoo.

8. Nqe lus nug: Puas yog kev sib tsoo uas ib nrab elastic yeej ib txwm tsim suab? teb: Tsis yog txhua lub sijhawm, tab sis suab tuaj yeem tsim tawm vim yog kev co los ntawm kev sib tsoo.

9. Nqe lus nug: Ua li cas rau lub zog kinetic uas tsis tau khaws cia rau hauv kev sib tsoo ib nrab elastic? teb: Feem ntau nws hloov mus ua lwm hom zog xws li cua sov, suab, lossis lub zog muaj peev xwm vim yog kev hloov pauv.

10. Nqe lus nug: Cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke cuam tshuam li cas rau qhov elasticity ntawm kev sib tsoo? teb: Qee cov ntaub ntawv, xws li roj hmab, feem ntau yuav muaj kev sib tsoo uas ywj dua, thaum lwm cov, xws li av nplaum, feem ntau yuav tsis ywj. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau ntawm kev sib tsoo hauv ntiaj teb tiag tiag yog ib feem ywj vim yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab lwm yam.

11. Nqe lus nug: Ob lub pob hlau puas tuaj yeem ua pov thawj tias muaj kev sib tsoo ib nrab elastic? teb: Yog. Txawm hais tias cov pob hlau zoo li yuav luag sib tsoo zoo kawg nkaus, feem ntau muaj kev poob zog me ntsis, ua rau nws ib nrab elastic.

12. Nqe lus nug: Puas yog qhov kev sib tsoo ntawm lub ntiaj teb nrog lub hnub qub poob uas suav tias yog ib feem ntawm elastic? teb: Feem ntau, yog. Qhov kev cuam tshuam tsis txuag tag nrho lub zog kinetic vim qee qhov hloov pauv mus ua cua sov, suab, thiab tsim lub qhov av qeeg.

13. Nqe lus nug: Koj puas muaj peev xwm muaj kev sib tsoo ib nrab elastic hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev? teb: Yog. Txawm tias tsis muaj cua tiv thaiv los xij, cov khoom sab hauv ntawm cov lub cev sib tsoo tuaj yeem ua rau poob zog.

14. Nqe lus nug: Cov zog sab nraud, xws li kev sib txhuam, cuam tshuam li cas rau qhov elasticity ntawm kev sib tsoo? teb: Cov zog sab nraud tuaj yeem rhuav tshem ntau lub zog kinetic, ua rau kev sib tsoo tsis sib haum xeeb.

15. Nqe lus nug: Puas muaj cov kev siv tau tiag tiag uas kev nkag siab txog kev sib tsoo ib nrab elastic yog qhov tseem ceeb? teb: Yog lawm, hauv kev ua kis las, kev tsim kho, thiab kev tshuaj xyuas qhov xwm txheej ntawm tsheb, kev nkag siab txog kev sib tsoo uas qee zaum hloov pauv tau yooj yim yog qhov tseem ceeb.

16. Nqe lus nug: Vim li cas cov tuam txhab tsim tsheb thiaj kawm txog kev sib tsoo uas ib nrab hloov tau yooj yim? teb: Tsim cov tsheb uas tuaj yeem nqus tau lub zog cuam tshuam zoo, tiv thaiv cov neeg nyob hauv tsheb thaum muaj kev sib tsoo.

17. Nqe lus nug: Puas yog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom me me ntawm theem quantum raug suav hais tias yog ib feem elastic? teb: Yog. Txawm hais tias quantum mechanics qhia txog cov xwm txheej tshiab, cov khoom me me tseem tuaj yeem sib cuam tshuam qhov twg tsis yog txhua lub zog kinetic raug khaws cia.

18. Nqe lus nug: Cov kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm molecular muaj feem cuam tshuam li cas rau kev sib tsoo ib nrab elastic? teb: Cov molecules tuaj yeem dhau los ua qhov sib tsoo elastic thaum lawv ntaus ib leeg, hloov qee lub zog mus rau hauv kev co lossis kev tig ntawm cov molecules.

19. Nqe lus nug: Puas yog lub pob tawb dhia hauv tshav pob qhia tau tias muaj kev sib tsoo me ntsis uas ywj pheej? teb: Yog. Qee lub zog ploj mus ua suab thiab poob rau qhov me me ntawm lub pob, ua rau qhov kev sib tsoo qee zaum ywj pheej.

20. Nqe lus nug: Qhov kub thiab txias cuam tshuam li cas rau qhov elasticity ntawm kev sib tsoo hauv cov roj? teb: Thaum qhov kub nce ntxiv, cov pa roj molecule txav mus sai dua thiab tuaj yeem sib tsoo ntau dua. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov elasticity ntawm cov kev sib tsoo no nyob ntawm cov khoom molecular thiab tsis cuam tshuam ncaj qha nrog qhov kub.

Kev nkag siab txog kev sib tsoo ib nrab elastic muab kev nkag siab txog ntau yam xwm txheej hauv ob qho tib si kev paub txhua hnub thiab kev tshwj xeeb hauv physics thiab engineering.