Yuav ua li cas rau nruab Linux rau ntawm lub PC Windows
Linux tau dhau los ua ib lub operating system nrov, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntawm cov neeg nyiam siv thev naus laus zis, cov programmer, thiab cov neeg siv uas tab tom nrhiav lwm txoj hauv kev rau Windows. Kev kawm Linux tsis tas yuav nyuaj, thiab phau ntawv qhia no yuav coj koj ib kauj ruam zuj zus los ntawm kev txhim kho Linux rau ntawm koj lub Windows PC.
1. Kev Npaj Thaum Pib
Ua ntej peb pib txheej txheem teeb tsa, muaj ntau kauj ruam npaj uas yuav tsum tau ua:
Kev Thaub Qab Cov Ntaub Ntawv: Xyuas kom tseeb tias koj thaub qab tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm koj lub Windows PC. Cov txheej txheem teeb tsa tuaj yeem ua rau cov ntaub ntawv poob yog tias tsis ua kom raug.
Xaiv ib qho Linux Distribution: Muaj ntau Linux distributions (distros) muaj, xws li Ubuntu, Fedora, Mint, thiab ntau ntxiv. Hauv phau ntawv qhia no, peb yuav siv Ubuntu ua piv txwv, vim nws paub txog nws txoj kev yooj yim siv.
Rub tawm Ubuntu ISO: Mus saib lub vev xaib Ubuntu (ubuntu.com) thiab rub tawm cov ntaub ntawv ISO tshiab tshaj plaws.
2. Tsim ib lub USB uas siv tau
Yuav kom nruab Ubuntu, koj yuav tsum tsim ib lub USB drive bootable los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ISO uas koj tau rub tawm. Ua raws li cov kauj ruam no:
Npaj ib lub USB Flash Drive (yam tsawg kawg 4GB):
Siv Rufus ntawm Windows:
- Rub tawm thiab nruab Rufus los ntawm nws lub vev xaib official.
– Qhib Rufus, xaiv koj lub USB drive hauv 'Device'.
– Hauv seem 'Boot selection', xaiv 'Disk or ISO image (Thov xaiv)' thiab nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv Ubuntu ISO uas tau rub tawm.
– Nyem 'Pib' thiab ua raws li cov lus qhia kom tsim tau ib lub USB drive bootable. Cov txheej txheem no yuav rho tawm tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub USB drive, yog li nco ntsoov thaub qab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ua ntej.
3. Teeb tsa PC BIOS/UEFI
Yuav kom koj lub PC khau raj los ntawm USB, koj yuav tsum hloov koj qhov chaw BIOS lossis UEFI:
Nkag mus rau BIOS/UEFI: Rov pib dua koj lub PC thiab nkag mus rau BIOS/UEFI los ntawm kev nias lub khawm tsim nyog (feem ntau yog Del, F2, F10 lossis Esc thaum lub sijhawm khau raj, nyob ntawm koj lub PC hom).
Hloov Qhov Kev Txiav Txim Rau Boot: Hauv cov ntawv qhia zaub mov BIOS/UEFI, nrhiav qhov chaw teeb tsa Boot Order lossis Boot Menu. Teem lub USB drive ua thawj lub cuab yeej hauv qhov kev txiav txim rau boot.
Txuag thiab Tawm: Txuag koj cov kev hloov pauv thiab tawm ntawm BIOS / UEFI. Koj lub PC tam sim no yuav tsum sim khau raj los ntawm USB.
4. Pib Ubuntu Installation
Tom qab teeb tsa khau raj los ntawm USB, koj lub PC yuav pib teeb tsa los ntawm USB. Ua raws li cov kauj ruam no:
Cov Kev Xaiv Txhim Kho: Tom qab khau raj, koj yuav pom qhov kev xaiv los sim lossis txhim kho Ubuntu. Xaiv 'Nruab Ubuntu'.
Hom Lus: Xaiv hom lus uas koj xav tau rau kev teeb tsa thiab nyem 'Txuas Ntxiv'.
Keyboard Layout: Xaiv qhov layout keyboard uas tsim nyog thiab nyem 'Txuas ntxiv'.
Kev Npaj Txhim Kho: Hauv seem no, koj tuaj yeem xaiv seb koj puas xav txhim kho cov hloov tshiab thiab cov software sab nraud thaum lub sijhawm txhim kho. Kos lub thawv raws li xav tau thiab nyem 'Txuas Ntxiv'.
Hom Kev Teeb Tsa: Qhov no yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb. Koj yuav tau muab ntau txoj kev xaiv:
- Nruab Ubuntu nrog rau Windows Boot Manager: Qhov kev xaiv no yog tias koj xav tau dual-boot nrog Windows.
– Rho tawm disk thiab nruab Ubuntu: Qhov no yuav rho tawm tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub hard drive thiab nruab Ubuntu. Tsuas yog xaiv qhov kev xaiv no yog tias koj xav hloov Windows tag nrho nrog Ubuntu.
- Lwm yam: Yog tias koj xav manually partitioning koj lub hard drive.
Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav xaiv 'Install Ubuntu alongside Windows Boot Manager' rau kev teeb tsa dual-boot. Nyem 'Install Now'.
Cov Partitions Drive: Yog tias koj xaiv 'Nruab nrog Windows', qhov kev teeb tsa yuav teeb tsa cov partitions rau Ubuntu thiab Windows. Kho qhov loj ntawm cov partition raws li koj xav tau.
Qhov Chaw: Xaiv koj thaj chaw sijhawm thiab nyem 'Txuas Ntxiv'.
Kev Tsim Tus Account Neeg Siv: Sau lub npe neeg siv, lub npe computer, lo lus zais thiab txuas ntxiv cov txheej txheem teeb tsa.
5. Rov pib dua thiab sim
Thaum twg koj lub computer ua tiav lawm, koj yuav raug hais kom rov pib dua. Tshem lub USB drive thiab cia lub computer rov pib dua. Koj yuav pom GRUB bootloader, uas yuav muab kev xaiv rau koj kom koj nkag mus rau hauv Ubuntu lossis Windows.
Xaiv Ubuntu: Xaiv Ubuntu thiab nias Enter kom nkag mus rau koj lub system tshiab.
Kev Tshawb Xyuas Thawj Zaug: Thawj zaug koj nkag mus rau hauv Ubuntu, xyuas kom txhua yam ua haujlwm zoo. Xyuas kom tseeb tias koj qhov kev sib txuas hauv internet ua haujlwm thiab cov khoom siv kho vajtse xws li GPU, suab, thiab zaub tau ntes tau zoo.
6. Kev Hloov Kho Software thiab Kev Teeb tsa
Tom qab xyuas kom meej tias txhua yam khiav zoo, kauj ruam tom ntej yog hloov kho lub kaw lus thiab nruab cov software uas koj xav tau:
Kev Hloov Kho Tshiab ntawm Lub Tshuab:
- Qhib lub davhlau ya nyob twg thiab ntaus ntawv:
“
sudo Apt hloov kho tshiab && sudo apt txawj tej yam ntxiv
“
- Sau tus password yog tias raug nug, thiab cia qhov hloov tshiab khiav kom txog thaum ua tiav.
Kev Txhim Kho Pob Khoom Ntxiv: Tej zaum koj yuav xav txhim kho qee cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb xws li:
- GIMP (rau kev kho duab): `sudo apt install gimp`
- VLC (media player): `sudo apt nruab vlc`
- LibreOffice (cov lus processor thiab spreadsheet): `sudo apt install libreoffice`
– Chrome (browser): Mus saib lub vev xaib Google Chrome official, rub tawm cov ntaub ntawv deb, thiab nruab nws siv `sudo dpkg -i chrome.deb`
7. Kev Kho Kom Zoo
Tom qab koj tau teeb tsa cov apps uas koj xav tau lawm, tej zaum koj yuav xav kho qhov operating system raws li koj nyiam:
Cov Ntsiab Lus thiab Qhov Tshwm Sim: Ubuntu muaj ntau yam ntsiab lus thiab cov cim uas tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau hauv 'Chaw'.
Cov Thawj Saib Xyuas Pob Khoom Ntxiv: Tej zaum koj yuav xav nruab 'Synaptic Package Manager' kom yooj yim tswj cov pob ntawv thov:
“
sudo apt nruab synaptic
“
Ib puag ncig ntawm Dock thiab Desktop: Yog tias koj tsis nyiam GNOME (Ubuntu lub desktop qub), koj tuaj yeem sim lwm qhov chaw desktop xws li KDE Plasma lossis XFCE.
Xaus
Kev txhim kho Linux rau ntawm lub PC Windows tsis tas yuav ua rau ntshai. Los ntawm kev ua raws li cov kauj ruam hauv phau ntawv qhia no, koj tuaj yeem txaus siab rau lub zog thiab kev ywj pheej ntawm Linux thaum tseem khaws Windows. Dual-booting Linux thiab Windows muab qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm ob lub ntiaj teb, cia koj hloov ntawm ob lub operating system raws li xav tau. Hmoov zoo, thiab hmoov zoo!
