Hom Iav Siv Hauv Cov Qhov Rai Tiv Thaiv Tub Sab Thiab Kev Ruaj Ntseg
Qhov kev thov rau cov qhov rais ruaj ntseg txuas ntxiv mus ntxiv, ob qho tib si hauv tsev, chaw ua haujlwm, khw muag khoom, thiab cov tsev pej xeem. Hauv ntau thaj chaw, qhov kev hem thawj tsis yog tsuas yog tub sab lossis kev ua phem xwb, tab sis kuj tseem muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov iav tawg vim muaj cua hlob, xwm txheej, thiab txawm tias muaj kev puas tsuaj xws li av qeeg lossis cov khib nyiab ya thaum muaj cua daj cua dub. Nws yog nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus no uas lo lus "anti-shatter windows" feem ntau yog siv los hais txog cov qhov rais uas tiv taus kev cuam tshuam ntau dua, tsis tshua muaj peev xwm nkag mus, thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb dua yog tias muaj kev puas tsuaj. Qhov tseem ceeb rau qhov kev ua tau zoo no yog nyob rau hauv hom iav siv, vim tias cov iav ib txwm yooj yim tawg thiab tuaj yeem ua rau raug mob.
Hais txog kev siv tshuab, tsis muaj ib hom iav twg uas "tiv taus" txhua yam kev hem thawj. Hloov chaw, muaj cov iav uas muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb: qee qhov tsim los tiv taus kev tawg ntse, qee qhov tiv taus kev cuam tshuam ntau zaus, qee qhov kom qeeb qeeb kev sim tub sab, thiab qee qhov kom tiv taus cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Hauv qab no yog cov hom iav feem ntau siv rau cov qhov rai tiv thaiv mos txwv thiab cov qhov rai ruaj ntseg, nrog rau lawv cov haujlwm, qhov zoo, thiab qhov chaw uas lawv siv.
1) Iav Tempered (Iav Tempered)
Cov iav kub yog cov iav uas tau raug cua sov rau qhov kub siab thiab tom qab ntawd txias sai (quenched), tsim cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv uas ua rau nws muaj zog dua li cov iav annealed (lossis cov iav ib txwm). Feem ntau, cov iav kub muaj kwv yees li 4-5 npaug zoo dua li cov iav ib txwm uas muaj tib lub tuab.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov iav tempered rau kev nyab xeeb yog nws txoj kev tiv thaiv kev tawg: thaum tawg, cov iav yuav tawg ua tej daim me me, tsis yog tej daim ntev, ntse. Qhov no txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev raug mob hnyav. Vim li no, cov iav tempered feem ntau raug xaiv rau cov qhov rai hauv cov chaw uas muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm tib neeg lossis khoom, xws li cov qhov rooj iav, cov phab ntsa, cov qhov rai ze ntawm pem teb, lossis cov chaw muaj neeg coob coob.
Txawm li cas los xij, iav tempered tsis yog qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws los tiv thaiv kev tub sab nyiag ntawm nws tus kheej. Txawm hais tias muaj zog, thaum puas tsuaj loj heev, nws tuaj yeem "tawg" ua tej daim me me, tawm hauv qhov qhib. Yog xav tau kev tiv thaiv kev tub sab nyiag loj dua, iav tempered feem ntau yog ua ke nrog lwm yam thev naus laus zis xws li lamination.
2) Cov Iav Laminated
Cov iav laminated yog ua los ntawm ob lossis ntau txheej iav uas tuav ua ke los ntawm ib txheej interlayer (feem ntau yog PVB—polyvinyl butyral—lossis EVA). Thaum lub iav tawg, cov seem yuav lo rau ntawm txheej interlayer, tiv thaiv nws kom tsis txhob poob tawm thiab kaw qhov qhib. Qhov no yog vim li cas cov iav laminated thiaj li nrov rau kev ruaj ntseg, kev nyab xeeb, thiab kev tiv thaiv suab nrov.
Hauv cov qhov rai uas tiv thaiv kev ntsia hlau thiab kev ruaj ntseg, laminate muaj qhov zoo tseem ceeb: nws ua rau qeeb qeeb nkag mus. Tus tub sab uas ntaus lossis ncaws lub iav tseem yuav ntsib daim ntawv tawg tab sis tuav hauv, xav tau sijhawm thiab suab nrov ntau dua los tsoo nws. Qhov kev ncua sijhawm no tseem ceeb vim tias kev ruaj ntseg feem ntau muaj qhov cuam tshuam "ncua sijhawm" - tso cai rau tus neeg tawm tsam ua tsis tiav vim tias lub sijhawm tas lossis nyiam mloog.
Cov iav laminated kuj pab tau thaum muaj cua daj cua dub lossis kev cuam tshuam sab nraud: txawm tias cov iav tawg, cov txheej nruab nrab tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov khoom tawg kom tsis txhob ya mus rau hauv tsev. Rau cov tsev nyob rau hauv thaj chaw uas muaj cua hlob, qhov no tuaj yeem yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev nyab xeeb.
3) Tempered Laminated Iav (Kev Sib Xyaws ntawm Tempered + Lamination)
Rau qhov xav tau zoo dua, cov chaw tsim khoom feem ntau muab cov iav tempered thiab laminated ua ke: txhua daim iav yog tempered, tom qab ntawd ob daim ntawv yog laminated ua ke. Qhov tshwm sim yog iav uas tiv taus kev cuam tshuam (vim yog cov iav tempered) tab sis tseem muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab yuav tsis tawg tam sim ntawd thaum tawg (vim yog cov iav laminated).
Hom no feem ntau siv rau hauv cov haujlwm uas xav tau kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev nyab xeeb ntau dua: lub tsev ntsej muag, qhov rais loj, thaj chaw pej xeem, lossis cov tsev uas xav tau kev tiv thaiv ntau dua yam tsis muaj kev hloov pauv tsim qauv loj. Kev sib xyaw ua ke no feem ntau yog "qhov sib npaug zoo tshaj plaws" ntawm lub zog, kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev tawg, thiab kev tiv thaiv tub sab.
4) Iav Uas Muaj Zog Thaum Tshav Kub
Cov iav uas muaj zog cua sov muaj zog nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov iav ib txwm thiab cov iav uas muaj zog kub. Cov txheej txheem no zoo ib yam li kev ua kom sov tab sis txias qeeb dua, ua rau lub zog nce ob npaug piv rau cov iav uas tau annealed thiab muaj feem yuav tawg ntau dua li cov iav uas muaj zog kub.
Cov iav no qee zaum raug xaiv los txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm "kev tawg sai sai" ntawm cov iav tempered hauv qee qhov kev siv, nrog rau kev muab kev ua haujlwm zoo dua li cov iav ib txwm. Rau kev ruaj ntseg tub sab, cov iav ua kom muaj zog cua sov ib leeg tsis muaj zog npaum li cov laminated-tempered ua ke, tab sis nws feem ntau siv ua ib feem ntawm cov khoom laminated (piv txwv li, cov laminate ua kom muaj zog cua sov) kom ua tiav kev tswj hwm kev tawg ntau dua.
5) Cov Iav Uas Muaj Hlau Thiab Cov Iav Uas Tiv Thaiv Hluav Taws Tshwj Xeeb
Cov iav uas muaj hlau mesh yog cov iav uas muaj hlau mesh sab hauv. Yav tas los nws tau nrov ua iav kev nyab xeeb vim tias cov hlau mesh pab tuav cov khoom tawg ua ke thaum tawg. Txawm li cas los xij, los ntawm kev xav txog kev nyab xeeb niaj hnub no, cov iav uas muaj hlau mesh ib txwm muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev raug mob vim tias cov khoom tawg tseem ntse thiab cov qauv tawg tsis ruaj ntseg zoo li cov iav laminated.
Qhov tseem ceeb rau "tiv taus hluav taws" hauv kev txhais lus ntawm kev tiv thaiv thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev yog cov iav uas ntsuas hluav taws. Qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog iav tuab xwb, tab sis yog lub kaw lus iav uas tsim los kom tiv taus hluav taws thiab/lossis cua sov ntawm lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb. Rau cov tsev lag luam, tsev kawm ntawv, tsev kho mob, lossis cov ntaiv thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev, cov iav uas ntsuas hluav taws tuaj yeem yog ib feem ntawm lub tswv yim kev ruaj ntseg dav dav - txawm tias qhov tseem ceeb tsis yog rau kev nyab xeeb hluav taws, tab sis rau kev tub sab.
6) Cov Iav Polycarbonate thiab Cov Iav Polycarbonate Lamination (Kev Ruaj Ntseg Glazing)
Polycarbonate tsis yog iav tiag tiag, tab sis yog ib hom yas engineering uas tiv taus kev cuam tshuam heev. Hauv kev siv kev ruaj ntseg, polycarbonate siv ua vaj huam sib luag lossis ua ke nrog iav hauv hybrid laminate (iav-clad polycarbonate). Nws cov txiaj ntsig suav nrog kev tiv taus kev cuam tshuam siab thiab muaj peev xwm tiv taus kev tawm tsam ntau zaus.
Rau cov hom phiaj tiv thaiv kev ua phem lossis thaj chaw uas muaj feem pov pob zeb, polycarbonate zoo heev. Txawm li cas los xij, nws muaj cov kev txwv: nws yooj yim khawb dua li iav, tuaj yeem muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub zeem muag yog tias siv tsis zoo, thiab xav tau ib txheej tiv thaiv (txheej tawv) kom txhim kho kev puas tsuaj thiab tiv taus UV.
Hauv cov qhov rai ruaj ntseg, feem ntau xaiv txoj hauv kev sib xyaw kom khaws cov tsos ntawm iav (qhov tsos, qhov meej) tab sis muaj cov "pob txha" polycarbonate rau kev tiv taus kev cuam tshuam ntau dua.
7) Iav uas tiv taus mos txwv
Cov iav tiv thaiv tau mos txwv yog ib pawg tshwj xeeb uas feem ntau siv cov laminates ntau txheej: kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm iav thiab ib txheej tuab, lossis iav nrog txheej polycarbonate, tsim los tiv thaiv cov projectiles mus rau qee qib. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias lo lus "tua tau mos txwv" hauv daim teb feem ntau raug txhais tsis raug tias tsis muaj kev nkag mus rau txhua hom riam phom. Qhov tseeb, kev ua tau zoo yog txiav txim siab los ntawm tus qauv xeem (qib) thiab cov khoom siv teeb tsa.
Cov iav tiv thaiv mos txwv feem ntau tuab dua thiab hnyav dua, xav tau lub thav duab muaj zog dua. Yog tias tsuas yog lub iav tau hloov kho dua tshiab tab sis lub thav duab thiab lub kaw lus xauv yog tus qauv, qhov tsis muaj zog yuav hloov mus rau lub thav duab, pob qhov rooj, lossis phab ntsa. Yog li ntawd, cov iav tiv thaiv mos txwv feem ntau yog siv ua lub kaw lus dav dav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv cov tsev txhab nyiaj, cov chaw ruaj ntseg, lossis cov chaw muaj kev pheej hmoo siab.
8) Ob Chav Iav Rau Kev Ruaj Ntseg Ntxiv
Ob chav iav los yog IGU (insulated glass unit) feem ntau yog siv rau kev rwb thaiv cua sov thiab suab. Txawm li cas los xij, rau kev ruaj ntseg, cov chav no tuaj yeem tsim nrog ib lossis ob sab ntawm laminated lossis tempered iav. Piv txwv li, sab nraud yog laminated los tiv thaiv kev ua phem, sab hauv yog tempered rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv, lossis vice versa, nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej txaus ntshai.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntxiv ntawm cov chav tsev ob chav suav nrog kev txhim kho kev tiv thaiv suab nrov thiab kev nplij siab thaum tshav kub, uas feem ntau yog qhov zoo thaum txhim kho cov qhov rai ruaj ntseg. Txawm li cas los xij, kev ruaj ntseg kawg tseem nyob ntawm hom iav (laminated/tempered), tuab, txheej nruab nrab, thiab qhov zoo ntawm kev teeb tsa.
Txheeb Xyuas Cov Yam Tseem Ceeb Thaum Xaiv Cov Iav Qhov Rai Ruaj Ntseg
Kev xaiv iav rau cov qhov rai tiv thaiv tub sab thiab kev ruaj ntseg zoo tagnrho yuav tsum xav txog cov hauv qab no:
1. Hom kev hem thawj: kev sib tsoo tsis tau npaj tseg, kev ua phem rau lwm tus, kev sim nrhiav neeg, kev pov pob zeb, cua daj cua dub, lossis kev hem thawj rau khoom.
2. Tus cwj pwm tawg: puas yog qhov qhib tseem kaw thaum tawg (laminated) lossis nws puas muaj kev nyab xeeb txaus los ntawm cov khoom ntse (tempered).
3. Qhov tuab thiab kev teeb tsa: cov txheej tuab dua thiab ntau dua, feem ntau qhov ruaj khov dua - tab sis tus nqi thiab qhov hnyav nce ntxiv.
4. Qhov zoo ntawm lub thav duab thiab cov khoom siv kho vajtse: cov iav muaj kev nyab xeeb yuav tsum tau txhawb nqa los ntawm lub thav duab ruaj khov, roj hmab / kev sib khi tsim nyog, thiab lub kaw lus xauv uas tsis yooj yim tawg.
5. Cov qauv xeem: rau cov haujlwm loj, saib cov qauv kev nyab xeeb/kev cuam tshuam raws li qhov xav tau kom cov lus thov khoom lag luam tuaj yeem ua pov thawj.
Xaus
"Qhov rai tiv thaiv tub sab thiab kev ruaj ntseg" tsis yog hais txog kev teeb tsa iav tuab dua xwb, tab sis xaiv cov thev naus laus zis iav tsim nyog thiab siv nws ua ib qho system. Cov iav tempered zoo heev hauv kev nyab xeeb tawg, cov iav laminated zoo heev hauv kev tswj hwm kev ruaj khov thaum tawg thiab qeeb qeeb nkag mus, thaum cov kev sib xyaw ua ke laminated-tempered feem ntau yog qhov kev xaiv zoo rau kev ruaj ntseg hauv tsev thiab lub tsev. Rau cov kev xav tau hnyav, cov vaj huam sib luag polycarbonate lossis cov iav tiv thaiv mos txwv muab qib kev tiv thaiv siab dua, tab sis xav tau kev teeb tsa siab dua, kev teeb tsa, thiab tus nqi.
Los ntawm kev nkag siab txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm txhua hom iav, koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo: muaj kev nyab xeeb, xis nyob, thiab sib haum nrog cov kev pheej hmoo tiag tiag uas koj lub tsev ntsib. Yog tias xav tau, qhov kev xaiv tuaj yeem txhim kho ntxiv raws li qhov chaw (hauv pem teb piv rau pem teb sab saud), hom thav duab, thiab nyiaj txiag kom ua tiav qhov kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws kev ruaj ntseg yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm thiab kev zoo nkauj.
