Cov Txheej Txheem Tsim Cable Rau Cov Txheej Txheem Fais Fab Rov Ua Dua Tshiab
Kev hloov mus rau lub zog tshiab—xws li lub hnub ci, cua, dej, biomass, thiab cov tshuab khaws cia zog—tsis yog tsuas yog nyob ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag, turbines, thiab roj teeb xwb. Tom qab tag nrho cov no muaj ib qho khoom uas feem ntau tsis quav ntsej tab sis tseem ceeb rau kev ntseeg siab ntawm lub kaw lus: cables. Cables ua haujlwm ua "cov hlab ntsha" uas nqa hluav taws xob los ntawm lub zog mus rau inverters, substations, distribution networks, thiab thaum kawg mus rau qhov chaw siv. Hauv cov tshuab hluav taws xob tshiab, cables ntsib qhov xav tau ntau dua, vim tias lawv yuav tsum tiv taus huab cua hnyav, UV hluav taws xob, av noo, kev co, thiab qhov kub thiab txias hloov pauv, thaum tseem tswj kev poob qis kom tswj tau qhov ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws. Tsab xov xwm no tham txog cov txheej txheem tsim cable rau kev siv hluav taws xob tshiab, txij li sab saud mus rau sab hauv qab, suav nrog cov theem kev siv tshuab thiab kev kuaj xyuas zoo.
1. Tsim thiab Kev Txheeb Xyuas Cov Lus Qhia Tshwj Xeeb
Cov txheej txheem tsim cov xov hlau pib ntev ua ntej lub tshuab extrusion qhib. Cov chaw tsim khoom feem ntau tau txais cov kev cai ntawm qhov project: lub zog ua haujlwm, tam sim no, qhov deb ntawm kev sib kis, cov xwm txheej ib puag ncig (sab hauv tsev / sab nraum zoov, hauv av, hauv qab dej, thaj chaw lag luam), thiab cov qauv yuav tsum tau ua tiav. Piv txwv li, cov xov hlau rau cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob hnub ci (PV), feem ntau xav tau kev tiv thaiv UV thiab ozone, kev ywj pheej siab, thiab kev rwb thaiv tsev uas tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias ua haujlwm siab. Lub caij no, cov xov hlau cua turbine xav tau kev tiv thaiv rau torsion thiab kev co los ntawm nacelle thiab rotor txav mus los.
Nyob rau theem no nws kuj tau txiav txim siab:
- Cov khoom siv conductor: tooj liab los yog txhuas, khoom khov kho los yog hlua.
– Thaj chaw hla: txiav txim siab qhov muaj peev xwm nqa tam sim no thiab qhov poob hluav taws xob.
- Cov qauv cable: ib lub tub ntxhais lossis ntau lub tub ntxhais, nrog lossis tsis muaj armor.
– Kev rwb thaiv tsev thiab lub hnab (lub tsho): cov ntaub ntawv xws li XLPE, PVC, EPR, lossis cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb uas tiv taus UV thiab tsis muaj halogen.
- Kev Tiv Thaiv: kom txo cov kev cuam tshuam electromagnetic thiab ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntxiv.
Cov lus qhia no dhau los ua "daim ntawv qhia ua haujlwm" uas coj tag nrho cov saw hlau tsim khoom.
2. Kev Npaj Cov Khoom Siv Raw
Cov theem tom ntej yog kev yuav khoom thiab kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom siv raw. Cov hlau tooj liab feem ntau tuaj ua cov pas nrig lossis cov kauj. Aluminium kuj tseem siv tau ntau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov xov hluav taws xob nruab nrab mus rau siab, vim nws qhov hnyav sib dua thiab pheej yig, txawm hais tias nws xav tau kev tsim qauv txuas ceev faj kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem.
Rau kev rwb thaiv tsev thiab lub tsho tiv no, cov chaw tsim khoom siv cov yas pellets (cov khoom sib xyaw) lossis cov khoom siv polymer tshwj xeeb. Hauv kev siv hluav taws xob rov ua dua tshiab, ntau thiab ntau qhov project xav tau LSZH (Low Smoke Zero Halogen) rau kev nyab xeeb hluav taws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv kev teeb tsa tsev, cov qhov av cable, thiab cov chaw pej xeem. Txhua yam khoom siv yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas rau kev sib xyaw, kev huv, cov dej noo, thiab kev sib xws ntawm cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab hluav taws xob.
3. Kos duab: Kos duab Conductor Wire
Yog tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los ua cov pas nrig, theem pib tsim khoom yog kev kos hlau. Cov pas nrig raug rub los ntawm ntau qhov tuag kom maj mam txo nws txoj kab uas hla kom txog thaum nws mus txog qhov loj me uas xav tau. Cov txheej txheem no yuav tsum tau lubrication thiab kev tswj kub kom tiv thaiv kev tawg me me lossis kev hloov pauv tsis zoo hauv cov khoom siv kho tshuab.
Qhov zoo ntawm daim duab cuam tshuam rau:
- Kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob (qhov zoo dua ntawm qhov chaw thiab cov qauv, qhov ruaj khov dua qhov kev tiv thaiv).
- Lub zog tensile thiab elasticity.
- Kev sib xws ntawm lub cheeb, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev sib npaug ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev tuab hauv theem extrusion.
4. Kev Ua Kub: Ua kom mos mos kom ua rau muaj kev ywj pheej ntau dua
Tom qab rub tawm, cov hlau feem ntau yuav tawv dua vim yog ua haujlwm txias. Yog li ntawd, annealing (kev kho cua sov) yog ua los kho cov hlau kom rov qab ua haujlwm tau zoo. Qhov no tseem ceeb heev rau cov xov hluav taws xob rov ua dua tshiab uas feem ntau xav tau kev ywj pheej, xws li hauv PV arrays, lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag taug qab cov kab ke, lossis kev teeb tsa ntawm cov cua turbines txav mus los.
Kev ua kom sov zoo pab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tawg thaum lub sijhawm stranding thiab thaum lub cable raug khoov hauv thaj teb.
5. Kev Txuas: Kev Tsim Cov Xov Tooj Txuas
Feem ntau cov xov hluav taws xob siv cov xov hlau uas muaj hlua khi vim tias lawv yooj ywm dua thiab yooj yim dua rau kev teeb tsa dua li cov xov hlau khov kho. Cov txheej txheem khi hlua khi ua ke ntau lub xov hlau me me rau hauv ib lub xov hlau siv cov qauv sib ntswg tshwj xeeb. Rau cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb - xws li cov xov hlau cua tshuab - tus qauv khi hlua khi tuaj yeem ua kom tsis txhob sib ntswg.
Nyob rau theem no koj tuaj yeem ntxiv:
- Cov khoom siv los ua kom cov kab zoo li puag ncig.
- Daim kab xev nplaum kom tuav cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kom ruaj khov ua ntej nkag mus rau hauv extrusion.
Qhov sib xws ntawm lub suab (qhov deb ntawm qhov sib ntswg) thiab qhov ceev yog qhov tseem ceeb heev vim tias lawv cuam tshuam rau kev ywj pheej, cua sov, thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm lub tshuab.
6. Kev Rho Tawm: Muab Kev Rwb Thaiv Tsev
Cov theem tsim khoom tseem ceeb yog kev rho tawm cov khoom rwb thaiv tsev, uas yog siv lub tshuab extruder los txheej cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev rau tus neeg xyuas hluav taws xob. Tus neeg xyuas hluav taws xob hla dhau lub taub hau extrusion (crosshead), qhov twg cov polymer kub, yaj tau tsim nyob ib puag ncig nws kom sib npaug. Tom qab tawm ntawm lub tshuab extruder, lub cable hla dhau lub dab dej txias kom xauv nws cov duab thiab tuab.
Rau cov xov hluav taws xob rov ua dua tshiab, cov teeb meem tseem ceeb hauv kev rwb thaiv tsev yog:
- Kev ua haujlwm ntev ntawm qhov kub siab (ua haujlwm ntev ntawm qhov kub siab).
- Tiv thaiv UV thiab huab cua (sab nraum zoov).
- Kev puas tsuaj thiab kev tsim kua muag.
- Kev ruaj khov hluav taws xob (dielectric lub zog, rwb thaiv tsev tsis kam).
Hauv qee cov xov hluav taws xob nruab nrab/siab, cov rwb thaiv tsev feem ntau yog XLPE, uas xav tau cov txheej txheem sib txuas kom txhim kho kev tiv taus cua sov thiab muab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo dua. Cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm cov txheej txheem kho tshwj xeeb, nyob ntawm cov thev naus laus zis ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom.
7. Kev Tshuaj Ntsuam thiab Kev Tiv Thaiv Hlau (Yog Tias Xav Tau)
Rau cov xov hluav taws xob nruab nrab, feem ntau yuav ntxiv ib daim ntaub thaiv semiconductive los tswj lub zog hluav taws xob thiab tiv thaiv cov hluav taws xob uas yuav ua rau muaj kev tso tawm ib nrab. Tsis tas li ntawd, tuaj yeem ntxiv cov hlau tiv thaiv (daim kab xev tooj liab lossis hlau) los muab txoj hauv kev rau cov hluav taws xob tsis zoo thiab txo qhov cuam tshuam.
Hauv cov phiaj xwm siv hluav taws xob rov ua dua tshiab uas txuas nrog cov inverters thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, kev tswj hwm EMI/EMC tuaj yeem yog qhov tseem ceeb. Cov cables uas muaj kev tsim qauv tiv thaiv zoo pab txo cov teeb liab cuam tshuam thiab txhim kho kev ruaj khov ntawm lub kaw lus.
8. Cabling: Kev Npaj Ntau Lub Core
Yog tias lub xov hlau muaj ntau lub cores (ntau lub cores), cov cores rwb thaiv tsev raug ntswj ua ke los ntawm cov txheej txheem cabling. Qhov no ua kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev teeb tsa zoo nkauj, puag ncig uas tsis tsim kev ntxhov siab ntau dhau uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub rwb thaiv tsev puas tsuaj. Cov khoom sau thiab cov ntaub pua chaw pw tuaj yeem ntxiv ua ib txheej cushioning ua ntej lub tsho sab nraud.
9. Cov cuab yeej ua rog thiab kev tiv thaiv tshuab (Xaiv tau)
Rau cov chaw hauv av, cov chaw muaj pob zeb, lossis cov chaw ib puag ncig uas muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau lub cev, cov xov hlau tuaj yeem nruab nrog cov cuab yeej xws li:
- SWA (Steel Wire Armour): hlau hlau rau kev tiv thaiv.
- STA (Steel Tape Armor): daim kab xev hlau.
- Cov cuab yeej ua los ntawm txhuas hauv qee qhov kev tsim rau qhov hnyav dua lossis qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom xeb.
Cov cables rau cov chaw ua liaj ua teb hnub ci loj lossis cov cables txuas nrog cua turbine hauv cov chaw ib puag ncig hnyav feem ntau siv kev tiv thaiv ntxiv rau lub neej ntev.
10. Kev Rho Tawm Sab Nraud thiab Kev Cim
Thaum lub hauv paus ntawm lub cable ua tiav lawm, lub cable yuav muab ib lub tsho sab nraud (sheath) los ntawm kev extrusion. Lub tsho ua haujlwm ua qhov kev tiv thaiv tseem ceeb tiv thaiv cov dej noo, tshuaj lom neeg, kev puas tsuaj, thiab tshav ntuj. Hauv kev siv hluav taws xob rov ua dua tshiab, cov ntaub ntawv tsho feem ntau raug xaiv uas:
- Tiv taus UV thiab ozone.
- Tiv taus roj lossis qee yam tshuaj lom neeg (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov chaw lag luam).
- Muaj cov nplaim taws retardant lossis LSZH cov khoom.
Kev cim kuj tseem ua tiav ntawm theem no: cim cov ntaub ntawv (qhov loj me, tus qauv, voltage, xyoo tsim khoom, ntev hauv meters). Kev cim ua rau kev teeb tsa, kev tshuaj xyuas, thiab kev saib xyuas yooj yim.
11. Kev Tswj Xyuas Zoo
Ua ntej xa khoom, cov cables yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas tas li thiab, rau qee qhov project, yuav tsum kuaj hom. Kev kuaj xyuas yuav suav nrog:
- Kev sim tiv thaiv tus neeg coj ua: ua kom ntseeg tau tias qhov kev poob tsis tshaj qhov txwv.
- Kev ntsuas rwb thaiv tsev thiab lub tsho tuab: xyuas kom meej tias sib xws.
- Kev sim hluav taws xob siab (kev sim hipot): kuaj xyuas dielectric tsis kam.
- Kev ntsuas kev tiv thaiv rwb thaiv tsev: ua kom ntseeg tau tias tsis muaj qhov xau tam sim no.
- Kev ntsuam xyuas tensile, elongation, thiab kev laus: ntsuas kev tiv thaiv mechanical thiab kev laus.
- Kev sim nplaim taws / LSZH: tshwj xeeb rau cov cables uas xav tau kev nyab xeeb hluav taws.
- Kev sim tiv thaiv UV thiab huab cua: tseem ceeb rau cov xov hlau PV thiab kev teeb tsa sab nraum zoov.
Rau cov kab ke tseem ceeb, qee cov chaw tsim khoom kuj ua qhov kev sim tso tawm ib nrab (PD) thiab kev sim thermal stability kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev ua haujlwm ntev.
12. Kev Ntim Khoom, Kev Thauj Khoom, thiab Kev Taug Qab
Tom qab ntawd, cov xov hlau raug qhwv rau ntawm cov ntoo/hlau nruas lossis cov kauj nyob ntawm qhov ntev thiab hom xov hlau. Kev ntim khoom yuav tsum tiv thaiv cov xov hlau los ntawm kev puas tsuaj thaum lub sijhawm xa khoom, xws li kev sib tsoo, dej, thiab kev raug tshav ntuj ntau dhau. Ntxiv mus, kev lag luam cable niaj hnub no hais txog kev taug qab - txhua lub nruas muaj tus lej pawg kom, yog tias muaj teeb meem, qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov txheej txheem tsim khoom tuaj yeem taug qab.
Kev kaw
Cov txheej txheem tsim cov xov hlau rau cov tshuab hluav taws xob rov ua dua tshiab yog ib qho txheej txheem ntev uas sib xyaw ua ke cov khoom siv, kev tswj hwm cov txheej txheem nruj, thiab kev kuaj xyuas ntau txheej. Txij li kev txiav txim siab qhov tshwj xeeb, kev xaiv tus neeg coj thiab kev rwb thaiv tsev, kev kos duab-annealing-stranding, rwb thaiv tsev thiab lub tsho extrusion, mus rau qhov hluav taws xob siab thiab kev sim tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, txhua yam pab txhawb kom ntseeg tau tias cov xov hlau ua haujlwm ruaj khov rau ntau xyoo caum. Raws li kev txhim kho lub zog huv si nrawm dua, cov xov hlau txhim khu kev qha tsis yog tsuas yog txhawb nqa cov khoom xwb tab sis kuj yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb uas ua kom muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo, kev nyab xeeb, thiab kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rov ua dua tshiab rau zej zog.
