Qhov Tseem Ceeb ntawm Folate rau Kev Tsim DNA
Folate (vitamin B9) yog ib qho micronutrient uas feem ntau hais txog hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cev xeeb tub. Txawm li cas los xij, nws lub luag haujlwm mus deb tshaj qhov ntawd: folate yog ib qho "tseem ceeb" biochemical rau kev tsim thiab kho DNA hauv txhua lub cell ntawm lub cev. Yog tsis muaj folate txaus, lub cev yuav tawm tsam los tsim DNA tshiab, kho qhov puas tsuaj ntawm cov noob caj noob ces, thiab ua kom cov cell faib tau zoo. Tsab xov xwm no tham txog vim li cas folate thiaj li tseem ceeb rau kev tsim DNA, nws ua haujlwm li cas, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov tsis txaus, thiab cov peev txheej thiab yuav ua li cas kom tau raws li nws cov kev xav tau.
Folate yog dab tsi?
Folate yog hom vitamin B9 uas pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj, tshwj xeeb yog cov zaub ntsuab, txiv ntoo qhuav, thiab qee yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Lub caij no, "folic acid" yog hom tshuaj uas feem ntau siv rau hauv cov tshuaj ntxiv thiab cov khoom noj khoom haus ntxiv. Ob qho tib si ua haujlwm hauv tib txoj kev zom zaub mov hauv lub cev - txawm hais tias muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm txoj kev uas lawv raug qhib thiab siv.
Hauv lub cev, folate tsis ua haujlwm ib leeg xwb. Nws ua haujlwm ua ib qho coenzyme, ib qho molecular companion uas pab cov enzymes ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Ib qho ntawm nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kev thauj cov units ib leeg-carbon uas xav tau los tsim DNA.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm DNA thiab vim li cas nws cov khoom tsim tawm tseem ceeb heev
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) yog "phau ntawv qhia" uas khaws cov ntaub ntawv txog noob caj noob ces. Txhua lub cell xav tau DNA los coj kev tsim cov protein, tswj kev loj hlob, thiab tswj kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov nqaij. Kev tsim cov DNA tshwm sim txhua zaus uas lub cell faib—piv txwv li, thaum lub sijhawm loj hlob, kho qhov txhab, tsim cov qe ntshav liab, thiab kev loj hlob ntawm tus menyuam hauv plab.
Yog li ntawd, cov nqaij uas faib sai tshaj plaws yog cov uas rhiab heev rau qhov tsis txaus folate. Piv txwv li suav nrog cov pob txha (uas tsim cov qe ntshav), cov nqaij ntawm txoj hnyuv plab, thiab cov nqaij ntawm lub cev thaum cev xeeb tub thaum ntxov. Thaum DNA tsim tawm raug cuam tshuam, cov txiaj ntsig tuaj yeem suav nrog kev faib cov qe tsis zoo, kev puas tsuaj ntawm chromosome, thiab kev loj hlob tsis zoo.
Yuav ua li cas folate ua lub luag haujlwm hauv DNA ntau lawm
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm folate hauv kev tsim cov DNA feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm txoj kev "ib-carbon metabolism". Hais yooj yim xwb, folate pab muab cov tshuaj uas xav tau los tsim cov nitrogenous bases - cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm DNA.
Ob txoj kev uas nyob ntawm folate heev yog:
1. Kev tsim cov nucleotide (cov khoom siv DNA raw)
DNA muaj cov nucleotides. Ib qho nucleotide tseem ceeb yog thymidine, uas yog los ntawm cov tshuaj uas tsim dTMP (deoxythymidine monophosphate). Cov tshuaj no xav tau ib qho folate derivative, 5,10-methylene-THF, ua ib qho carbon unit donor. Yog tsis muaj folate, kev tsim thymidine yuav raug cuam tshuam, ua rau cov cell tsis muaj "tsab ntawv" uas xav tau los tsim DNA.
2. DNA methylation (kev tswj hwm kev qhia tawm ntawm cov noob caj noob ces)
Folate kuj tseem koom nrog kev tsim cov S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), lub cev tseem ceeb methyl pub. DNA methylation yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txuas cov pab pawg methyl rau DNA, uas ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tig qee cov noob caj noob ces rau lossis kaw. Txawm hais tias methylation tsis koom nrog ncaj qha rau hauv kev tsim DNA, cov txheej txheem no tseem ceeb heev rau kev ruaj khov ntawm genome, kev tswj hwm kev loj hlob ntawm cell, thiab kev loj hlob ntawm embryonic.
Hauv lwm lo lus, folate pab txhawb rau ob yam: muab cov khoom siv rau DNA thiab pab tswj hwm seb cov cell siv DNA li cas.
Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm folate deficiency rau DNA thiab cov hlwb
Thaum folate tsis txaus, lub cev yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev tsim cov DNA, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov hlwb uas faib sai sai. Cov teebmeem tseem ceeb suav nrog:
- Kev puas tsuaj ntawm kev faib cell thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cell
Qhov tsis txaus folate tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kab mob megaloblastic anemia, uas yog ib qho mob uas cov qe ntshav liab loj dua li qub thiab tsis loj hlob zoo vim yog kev tsim cov DNA tsis zoo. Cov tsos mob tuaj yeem suav nrog qaug zog, qaug zog, ntsej muag daj ntseg, ua pa luv luv, thiab nyuaj rau tsom ntsoov.
- Kev puas tsuaj ntawm DNA ntau ntxiv
Qhov tsis muaj thymidine tuaj yeem ua rau muaj "kev sib txuas yuam kev" hauv DNA, xws li uracil hloov thymine. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau DNA tawg thaum lub sijhawm kho dua.
- Kev pheej hmoo ntawm teeb meem thaum cev xeeb tub
Thaum cev xeeb tub thaum ntxov, lub qe menyuam loj hlob sai. Qhov tsis txaus folate tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv lub cev (xws li spina bifida) vim tias kev faib cell thiab kev tsim cov ntaub so ntswg hauv lub cev nyob ntawm kev tsim cov DNA kom du.
- Kev mob ntawm lub cev zom zaub mov thiab lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob
Cov qe ntshav hauv txoj hnyuv thiab cov qe ntshav tiv thaiv kab mob feem ntau loj hlob tuaj. Qhov tsis txaus folate tuaj yeem ua rau cov txheej txheem zom zaub mov tsis zoo thiab txo qhov kev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Folate, homocysteine, thiab qhov zoo ntawm genome
Folate kuj tseem koom nrog hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm homocysteine, ib qho nruab nrab hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov amino acid methionine. Folate pab hloov homocysteine rov qab mus rau methionine. Yog tias folate qis, homocysteine ntau tuaj yeem nce ntxiv. Cov homocysteine ntau feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog cov teeb meem plawv thiab tej zaum yuav qhia txog kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm ib-carbon metabolism, uas kuj cuam tshuam nrog DNA stability thiab methylation.
Cov kev sib cuam tshuam no qhia tau tias folate tsis yog tsuas yog tseem ceeb rau "luam tawm" DNA tshiab xwb, tab sis kuj tseem ceeb rau kev tswj cov xwm txheej biochemical uas txhawb nqa qhov zoo ntawm genome.
Cov peev txheej ntawm folate hauv cov khoom noj
Vim tias folate yaj tau hauv dej thiab rhiab rau cua sov, cov txheej txheem ua noj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau qhov ntau ntawm folate uas tseem tshuav. Kev ua noj ntau dhau tuaj yeem txo cov folate. Cov chaw zoo ntawm folate suav nrog:
- Cov zaub ntsuab: spinach, kale, broccoli, asparagus
- Cov zaub mov: taum pauv, taum pauv, taum pauv
- Txiv hmab txiv ntoo: avocado, txiv kab ntxwv
- Siab thiab qee yam khoom tsiaj
– Cov khoom noj uas muaj tshuaj ntxiv (nyob ntawm txoj cai ntawm lub teb chaws): hmoov nplej, cereal, lossis mov ci uas muaj folic acid ntxiv rau
Kev noj zaub mov sib txawv yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los xyuas kom muaj folate thiab lwm yam vitamins B uas ua haujlwm ua ke (xws li B12 thiab B6).
Cov tshuaj ntxiv: thaum twg lawv xav tau?
Cov tshuaj folic acid feem ntau raug pom zoo rau qee pawg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog:
- Cov poj niam uas npaj yuav cev xeeb tub thiab thawj peb lub hlis
Vim tias kev tsim cov hlab ntsha neural tube tshwm sim thaum ntxov heev - ua ntej ntau tus neeg txawm paub tias lawv cev xeeb tub - yuav tsum tau tsim kom muaj cov folate txaus ua ntej cev xeeb tub.
- Cov neeg uas muaj teeb meem kev nqus dej tsawg lossis muaj teeb meem kev nqus dej tsis zoo
Piv txwv li, qee yam kab mob ntawm txoj hnyuv zom zaub mov lossis cov qauv noj mov tsawg heev.
Txawm li cas los xij, kev siv cov tshuaj ntxiv yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov lus qhia ntawm tus kws kho mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim folate tuaj yeem zais cov tsos mob ntawm kev tsis muaj zog vim yog qhov tsis txaus vitamin B12. Qhov no txhais tau tias ib tus neeg yuav zoo li tau zoo dua hauv lawv cov ntshav, tab sis kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov hlab ntsha los ntawm qhov tsis txaus B12 yuav txuas ntxiv mus yog tias tsis kho.
Cov lus qhia ua tau zoo rau kev ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau folate
Qee cov kauj ruam yooj yim uas yuav pab tau:
1. Noj cov zaub ntsuab txhua hnub, xaiv ntau yam (piv txwv li, hloov pauv spinach thiab broccoli).
2. Noj txiv ntoo los yog cov khoom ua tiav lawm ntau zaus hauv ib lub lim tiam.
3. Xaiv cov txheej txheem ua noj luv luv xws li siv lub ncu lossis kib sai sai kom khaws tau cov folate.
4. Yog tias koj tab tom npaj yuav cev xeeb tub, sab laj txog cov tshuaj folate thaum ntxov.
5. Xyuas kom tseeb tias koj cov vitamin B12 noj txaus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov neeg tsis noj nqaij/vegans.
Kev kaw
Folate yog ib qho khoom noj khoom haus tseem ceeb uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov DNA. Nws pab tsim cov nucleotides - cov khoom siv ntawm DNA - thiab txhawb nqa DNA methylation, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj hwm cov noob caj noob ces thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm genome. Kev tsis txaus folate tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev faib cell, ua rau DNA puas tsuaj ntau ntxiv, ua rau muaj megaloblastic anemia, thiab ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev loj hlob tsis zoo hauv tus menyuam hauv plab. Yog li ntawd, kev xyuas kom muaj folate txaus los ntawm cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, cov tshuaj ntxiv tsim nyog, yog qhov kev nqis peev tseem ceeb rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cell, kev loj hlob, thiab kev rov tsim dua thoob plaws lub neej.
Yog tias koj xav tau, kuv tuaj yeem hloov kho tsab xov xwm no rau cov neeg tuaj saib tshwj xeeb (piv txwv li, cov tub ntxhais kawm theem siab, cov tub ntxhais kawm kev noj qab haus huv, lossis cov pej xeem) lossis ntxiv cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb thiab cov lej xav tau txhua hnub raws li cov lus qhia txog kev noj haus.
