Cov Lus Qhia rau Kev Txo Cov Ntaub Ntawv CCTV Cia Yam Tsis Txhob Txo Qhov Zoo
Cov kev xav tau ntawm kev khaws cia rau cov tshuab CCTV feem ntau yog qhov teeb meem loj, txawm tias nyob hauv tsev, chaw ua haujlwm, khw muag khoom, tsev rau khoom, lossis thaj chaw lag luam. Cov koob yees duab ntau dua, qhov kev daws teeb meem siab dua, thiab cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia ntev dua, qhov hard drive sai dua. Yog li ntawd, cov nqi ua haujlwm nce ntxiv thiab kev tswj hwm kev sau cia ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Qhov xov xwm zoo yog, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los txo cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia CCTV yam tsis muaj kev txi qhov zoo ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab uas xav tau rau kev paub lub ntsej muag, kev txheeb xyuas daim ntawv tsav tsheb, lossis cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb. Nov yog qee cov lus qhia uas koj tuaj yeem siv tau.
1. Siv Kev Siv Video Compression Zoo Dua (H.265/HEVC)
Ib txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los txo qhov yuav tsum tau khaws cia yog xaiv cov codec compression kom raug. Yog tias koj lub DVR/NVR thiab cov koob yees duab txhawb nqa H.265 (HEVC), siv qhov chaw ntawd es tsis txhob siv H.264. H.265 tuaj yeem xa cov duab zoo sib xws nrog cov ntaub ntawv me dua - feem ntau txuag tau 30-50%, nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej (kev txav mus los siab vs. tsis txav, hnub vs. hmo ntuj).
Tej yam yuav tsum nco ntsoov:
– Xyuas kom tseeb tias lub koob yees duab thiab lub tshuab kaw (NVR/DVR) txhawb nqa H.265 lossis H.265+.
- Kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev ua si: cov khoom siv qub yuav muaj teeb meem ua si H.265.
– Yog tias muaj, qhov "Smart Codec" feature (H.265+ lossis Smart H.264) tuaj yeem txo qhov bitrate hauv thaj chaw tsis txav.
2. Siv Bitrate Settings: VBR Pheej Yig Dua Li CBR
Bitrate yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev txiav txim siab qhov loj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Muaj ob hom kev siv:
- CBR (Tus nqi tas mus li): tus nqi bitrate ruaj khov, qhov loj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kwv yees tau zoo dua, tab sis feem ntau pov tseg thaum lub sijhawm tsis hloov pauv.
– VBR (Variable Bitrate): bitrate hloov kho rau qhov nyuaj ntawm daim duab, pheej yig dua yam tsis txo qhov zoo.
Rau kev ua haujlwm zoo, xaiv VBR thiab teem lub hom phiaj zoo (lossis qhov txwv bitrate siab tshaj plaws). Nrog VBR, lub koob yees duab yuav txo qhov bitrate thaum tsis muaj kev hloov pauv ntau (piv txwv li, txoj kev hauv tsev khoob) thiab nce nws thaum muaj kev ua ub no (piv txwv li, tib neeg taug kev hla).
3. Kho qhov kev daws teeb meem kom haum rau qhov xav tau ntawm lub koob yees duab.
Muaj ntau tus neeg siv teeb tsa txhua lub koob yees duab kom muaj qhov daws teeb meem siab tshaj plaws, txawm tias tsis yog txhua lub ntsiab lus xav tau qhov ntxaws ntxaws tshaj plaws. Ib txoj kev ntse dua yog kho qhov daws teeb meem raws li kev ua haujlwm:
– Thaj chaw sau nyiaj, qhov rooj nkag, lossis rooj vag: qhov kev daws teeb meem siab (piv txwv li 4MP/5MP/4K) rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub ntsej muag/khoom.
– Cov chaw rau khoom loj lossis cov chaw nres tsheb rau pej xeem: 1080p lossis 2MP tej zaum yuav txaus yog tias tsis tas yuav muaj cov ntsiab lus ntau dhau.
– Txoj kev hauv tsev uas muaj qhov sib nrug ze: 2MP feem ntau txaus.
Hauv paus ntsiab lus, qhov zoo tsis yog hais txog kev daws teeb meem xwb; qhov kev teeb tsa thiab lub lens kom raug feem ntau ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv ntau dua li kev nce qhov kev daws teeb meem yam tsis muaj kev tswj hwm.
4. Teem Tus Ncej Rate kom txaus (Tsis tas yuav tsum yog 25/30 fps)
Tus nqi thav duab siab dua (fps) ua rau cov yeeb yaj kiab du thiab zoo nkauj dua, tab sis nws kuj ua rau cov ntaub ntawv loj dua. Rau ntau yam kev xav tau kev ruaj ntseg, 15 fps lossis txawm tias 10 fps txaus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov cheeb tsam uas tsis xav tau cov ntsiab lus nrawm.
Cov lus qhia ua tau zoo:
– Lub qhov rooj nkag loj/lub rooj vag tsheb: 15–20 fps.
– Cov chaw pej xeem sab hauv tsev: 10–15 fps.
– Thaj chaw tsis txav chaw heev (chaw khaws khoom hmo ntuj): 8–10 fps.
Los ntawm kev txo qhov fps kom raug, koj tuaj yeem txuag tau ntau qhov chaw cia yam tsis ua rau cov ntaubntawv povthawj "tsis muaj txiaj ntsig".
5. Pab kom muaj kev kaw suab raws li qhov xwm txheej: Kev Tshawb Pom Kev Txav Mus Los lossis AI
Hom kaw 24 teev tuaj yeem siv koj lub hard drive sai sai, txawm tias feem ntau tsis muaj xwm txheej tseem ceeb. Ib qho kev daws teeb meem pheej yig yog kev kaw raws li xwm txheej:
- Kev tshawb nrhiav kev txav mus los: lub koob yees duab kaw thaum muaj kev txav mus los.
- Kev kuaj pom AI (tib neeg / tsheb): raug dua vim nws txo cov tswb cuav vim yog duab ntxoov ntxoo, nag, lossis nplooj txav.
Yuav kom paub tseeb tias qhov zoo tsis "ploj" thaum muaj xwm txheej tshwm sim, siv kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm:
- Substream rau kev saib xyuas, lub ntsiab ntws rau kev kaw cov xwm txheej.
- Ntxiv cov ntaub ntawv ua ntej (piv txwv li 5-10 vib nas this ua ntej qhov xwm txheej) thiab cov ntaub ntawv tom qab (20-60 vib nas this tom qab qhov xwm txheej) kom qhov xwm txheej raug kaw tag nrho.
Yog tias koj tseem xav tau kev kaw suab tas mus li, ib qho kev xaiv zoo dua yog "continuous low bitrate + event high bitrate", yog tias lub cuab yeej txhawb nqa nws.
6. Siv Dual-Stream thiab Substream kom zoo
Ntau lub koob yees duab IP txhawb nqa dual-stream:
- Cov kwj deg tseem ceeb: zoo rau kev kaw.
- Substream: qis dua qhov zoo rau kev saib nyob deb (mobile app) kom txuag tau bandwidth.
Ib qho yuam kev uas feem ntau tshwm sim yog kev kaw cov yeeb yaj kiab rau ntawm cov kwj dej me (zoo dua) lossis saib cov yeeb yaj kiab nyob rau ntawm cov kwj dej loj (ua rau lub network muaj kev ntxhov siab). Xyuas kom tseeb tias:
- Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tseem nyob rau ntawm cov kwj deg tseem ceeb.
- Substream yog siv rau kev saib xyuas, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum internet txwv.
Ua li no, qhov zoo ntawm kev kaw cov ntaub ntawv yuav raug tswj, tab sis qhov system load thiab tej zaum yuav muaj qhov xav tau ntxiv rau qhov chaw cia khoom yuav raug txo kom tsawg.
7. Txhim kho I-Frame Settings (GOP) hauv ib txoj kev sib npaug
GOP (Pawg Duab) txiav txim siab seb cov keyframes (I-frames) raug tsim ntau zaus npaum li cas. Cov I-frames ntau zaus npaum li cas, cov ntaub ntawv loj dua, tab sis cov txheej txheem nrhiav ruaj khov dua thiab qhov zoo dua thaum lub sijhawm txav mus los sai.
Cov chaw teeb tsa kev ruaj ntseg uas siv ntau:
– Lub sijhawm luv ntawm I-frame yog li 1–2 vib nas this (piv txwv li 15–30 thav duab nyob ntawm fps).
Yog tias thaij tsis ntau zaus ces cov ntaub ntawv yuav me dua, tiam sis cov ntaub ntawv yuav "tawg" thaum muaj kev txav mus los ntau. Yog thaij ntau zaus ces yuav zoo dua tab sis yuav siv chaw cia ntau dua. Nrhiav ib qho chaw nruab nrab uas haum rau koj lub koob yees duab xav tau.
8. Txhim kho teeb pom kev zoo thaum hmo ntuj kom txo tau "Suab nrov"
Feem ntau qhov zoo ntawm hmo ntuj ua rau muaj qhov nce siab ntawm bitrate. Qhov no yog tshwm sim los ntawm suab nrov (speckles) hauv cov duab uas tsis muaj teeb, uas lub encoder suav tias yog "kev nthuav dav," ua rau cov ntaub ntawv loj zuj zus.
Cov kev daws teeb meem yam tsis muaj kev txi qhov zoo:
- Ntxiv teeb pom kev zoo rau thaj chaw (teeb LED) kom lub koob yees duab tsis ua haujlwm hnyav dhau.
– Siv lub koob yees duab uas muaj lub sensor zoo dua (Starlight/Xim pom kev hmo ntuj) yog tias tsim nyog.
- Teem cov yam ntxwv xws li 3D DNR (Digital Noise Reduction) kom raug: siab dhau tuaj yeem ua rau daim duab "smeared", qis dhau ua rau muaj suab nrov siab thiab bitrate loj.
Yog tias koj muaj teeb pom kev zoo, koj yuav tau ob qho txiaj ntsig ib zaug: cov ntaub ntawv kaw tau zoo dua thiab cov ntaub ntawv me dua.
9. Siv Lub Sijhawm Kaw Suab Uas Muaj Tseeb
Tsis yog txhua thaj chaw yuav tsum tau sau tag nrho rau lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, ib lub chaw ua haujlwm:
- Sijhawm ua haujlwm: kaw cov ntaub ntawv tas mus li lossis cov xwm txheej rhiab heev.
- Sab nraum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm: tsom mus rau kev kuaj pom qhov xwm txheej (tib neeg / tsheb) nrog kev ceeb toom.
Hauv lub tsev muag khoom:
- Kev Ua Haujlwm: tej zaum muaj xwm txheej txaus los ua kom lub chaw cia khoom yooj yim dua.
- Lub sijhawm hmo ntuj: kev kuaj pom qhov xwm txheej nruj dua nrog kev sau ntev dua tom qab.
Kev teem sijhawm tuaj yeem txo qhov kev siv chaw cia khoom yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo thaum muaj xwm txheej tseem ceeb tshwm sim.
10. Xam Kev Khaws Cia Thiab Peev Xwm Nrog Kev Npaj, Tsis Yog Kev Kwv Yees
Feem ntau cov teeb meem ntawm kev khaws cia yog vim tsis muaj lub hom phiaj khaws cia (piv txwv li, yuav tsum khaws cia 14 hnub lossis 30 hnub). Ua ntej, txiav txim siab seb koj xav tau khaws cia li cas, tom qab ntawd kho raws li qhov ntawd:
- tus naj npawb ntawm cov koob yees duab,
- kev daws teeb meem thiab fps,
- hom kev kaw (txuas ntxiv vs qhov xwm txheej),
- bitrate thiab codec,
- Muaj peev xwm ntawm HDD.
Yog tias koj lub lag luam xav tau kev tshuaj xyuas (piv txwv li, tsawg kawg txhua 30 hnub), siv cov tswv yim compression thiab cov txheej txheem kaw cov xwm txheej, lossis npaj ntxiv HDDs. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yog: txuag qhov chaw cia tsis txhais tau tias yuav txo kev ruaj ntseg, tab sis hloov chaw ua kom zoo dua cov ntaub ntawv kaw kom "cov khoom tseem ceeb raug khaws cia, cov khoom tsis tseem ceeb tsis yog lub nra hnyav."
Kev kaw
Kev txo cov ntaub ntawv CCTV cia yam tsis tas yuav txo qhov zoo tsis yog ib qho kev dag ntxias, tab sis yog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov chaw teeb tsa zoo: siv H.265, teeb tsa VBR bitrate, kho qhov kev daws teeb meem thiab fps raws li qhov xav tau, qhib kev kaw cov xwm txheej (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog AI), ua kom lub teeb pom kev zoo hmo ntuj kom txo qhov suab nrov, thiab siv lub sijhawm kaw cov ntaub ntawv tiag tiag. Nrog cov kauj ruam no, koj tuaj yeem tswj tau qhov zoo ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab uas xav tau rau kev tshawb nrhiav thaum txo cov nqi hard drive thiab ua kom qhov chaw khaws cia ntau tshaj plaws.
Yog tias koj xav tau, kuv tuaj yeem pab koj tsim cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb ntxiv raws li: tus naj npawb ntawm lub koob yees duab, qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm lub koob yees duab, hom NVR/DVR, lub hom phiaj khaws cia (muaj pes tsawg hnub), thiab qhov chaw (sab hauv tsev/sab nraum zoov, kaj/tsaus ntuj, tibneeg coob/tsis txav).
