Kev Saib Xyuas Tsis Tu Ncua Kom Lub Koob Yees Duab CCTV Zoo
Cov koob yees duab CCTV (Closed-Circuit Television) tau dhau los ua cov khoom siv ruaj ntseg tseem ceeb rau cov tsev, chaw ua haujlwm, khw muag khoom, tsev rau khoom, thiab txawm tias cov chaw pej xeem. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov zoo ntawm CCTV cov ntaub ntawv tsis yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov lus qhia lossis hom ntawm lub koob yees duab xwb. Kev saib xyuas tas li ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj cov duab ntse, xyuas kom lub cuab yeej siv tau ntev, thiab xyuas kom lub kaw lus ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws thaum xav tau. Yog tsis muaj kev saib xyuas, cov koob yees duab tuaj yeem tsim cov duab tsis meej, muaj suab nrov, muaj kev sib txuas poob ntau zaus, thiab txawm tias ua tsis tiav tag nrho vim muaj kev puas tsuaj me me. Tsab xov xwm no tham txog cov kauj ruam saib xyuas tas li uas koj tuaj yeem ua kom koj lub koob yees duab CCTV zoo tas li.
1. Ntxuav lub lens thiab iav tiv thaiv tsis tu ncua.
Qhov teeb meem feem ntau uas ua rau cov duab tsis zoo yog lub lens qias neeg. Cov hmoov av, cov dej noo, cov dej nag, cov roj av, thiab txawm tias cov kab laug sab tuaj yeem lo rau lub lens lossis lub dome ntawm lub koob yees duab, ua rau cov duab tsis meej, cov duab tsaus ntuj, lossis cov duab pos huab. Kev ntxuav yooj yim feem ntau yuav ua rau cov duab zoo dua tam sim ntawd.
Txoj kev ntxuav uas pom zoo:
- Siv daim ntaub microfiber mos mos kom tsis txhob khawb.
– Yog tias muaj cov xim tawv tawv, siv cov tshuaj ntxuav lens lossis isopropyl cawv nrog qhov concentration tsim nyog, ces so maj mam.
– Tsis txhob tsuag cov kua ncaj qha rau ntawm lub lens; tsuag rau ntawm daim ntaub ua ntej.
- Rau cov koob yees duab sab nraum zoov, xyuas lub iav tiv thaiv lossis lub tsev vim tias nws feem ntau raug dej nag thiab pa phem.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, yuav tsum tau ntxuav txhua 2-4 lub lis piam rau cov chaw muaj plua plav, ze txoj kev, lossis ze chav ua noj/qhov cub. Yog xav ntxuav cov chaw sab hauv tsev, yuav tsum tau ntxuav txhua 1-2 lub hlis.
2. Xyuas qhov chaw thiab lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub koob yees duab
Txawm tias qhov chaw ntawm lub koob yees duab hloov me ntsis los kuj tseem yuav ua rau qhov kev saib xyuas tsis zoo. Qhov no feem ntau tshwm sim vim yog lub qhov rooj co, cua hlob, lossis cov brackets tsis ruaj khov txaus. Ntxiv mus, lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub koob yees duab tuaj yeem hloov pauv vim yog tib neeg ua ub ua no—piv txwv li, thaum kho dua tshiab, ntxuav qab nthab, lossis txuas xov hlau.
Tej yam yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas:
– Xyuas kom tseeb tias lub koob yees duab taw rau cov chaw tseem ceeb (qhov rooj nkag, tus neeg sau nyiaj, laj kab, kev nkag mus rau hauv tsev rau khoom).
- Xyuas kom tseeb tias tsis muaj tej yam tshiab nyob hauv txoj kev (cov chij, cov nroj tsuag uas cog, cov txee tshiab).
- Tsis tas li ntawd, xyuas seb daim duab tig li cas thiab kab rov tav (tilt) kom yooj yim rau kev soj ntsuam.
Yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub koob yees duab tsawg kawg ib hlis ib zaug, lossis thaum twg muaj kev hloov pauv hauv qhov kev teeb tsa.
3. Tshawb xyuas lub teeb pom kev zoo thiab hom hmo ntuj (IR) kev ua haujlwm
Ntau lub koob yees duab CCTV vam khom infrared (IR) los kaw thaum hmo ntuj. Txawm li cas los xij, hom hmo ntuj feem ntau muaj teeb meem yog tias lub teeb IR cuam tshuam rau iav, phab ntsa ze ntawm lub koob yees duab, lossis cov chaw ci ntsa iab. Qhov no ua rau cov duab thaum hmo ntuj pom kev ntau dhau lossis "muaj huab dawb" tshwm sim rau ntawm lub koob yees duab pem hauv ntej.
Cov kauj ruam saib xyuas:
– Xyuas kom tseeb tias lub koob yees duab tsis nyob ze rau ntawm phab ntsa lossis qab nthab uas cuam tshuam IR dhau.
- Ntxuav lub dome lossis iav vim tias cov av qias neeg ua rau IR reflection phem dua.
– Xyuas seb lub teeb IR puas qhib thaum tsaus ntuj (feem ntau pom ib lub teeb liab tsaus nti).
- Yog tias thaj chaw tsaus dhau, xav txog kev ntxiv lub teeb kom lub koob yees duab tuaj yeem ntes tau cov xim zoo dua.
Tshawb xyuas hom hmo ntuj tsawg kawg ib hlis ib zaug los ntawm kev saib kev ua si hauv qhov tsaus ntuj.
4. Xyuas kom tseeb tias cov connectors thiab cov cables zoo.
Kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov xov hlau feem ntau ua rau muaj teeb meem xws li cov duab tsis zoo, tawg, "tsis muaj teeb liab," lossis kev sib txuas ntawm lub koob yees duab IP tsis ruaj khov. Kev hloov pauv ntawm huab cua, kev tom ntawm nas, av noo, thiab txawm tias kev rub cov xov hlau thaum lub sijhawm kho dua tshiab tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom sib txuas puas tsuaj.
Qee yam yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas:
– Xyuas kom tseeb tias lub qhov txuas BNC/RJ45 tsis xoob lossis xeb.
– Xyuas kom meej tias cov xov hlau tiv thaiv tau zoo nyob rau sab nraum zoov: siv cov kav dej lossis cov khoom tiv thaiv UV.
- Xyuas kom tseeb tias tsis muaj cov xov hlau khoov ntse lossis daig rau hauv qhov rooj/qhov rais.
- Rau PoE (Power over Ethernet) systems, xyuas kom meej tias PoE switch thiab grounding connections txaus.
Kev tshuaj xyuas cov xov hlau tuaj yeem ua tau txhua 2-3 lub hlis, ntau zaus dua rau cov chaw sab nraum zoov lossis cov tsev rau khoom uas muaj nas ntau.
5. Ntxuav thaj chaw nyob ib puag ncig lub koob yees duab thiab cov khoom siv txhawb nqa.
Ntxiv rau lub lens, ib puag ncig ib puag ncig kuj cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm daim duab. Cov ntaub thaiv kab laug sab ze ntawm lub koob yees duab feem ntau cuam tshuam IR, ua rau cov duab thaum hmo ntuj zoo li pos huab lossis muaj cov kab dawb ntab. Cov nroj tsuag uas loj hlob ntau dhau tuaj yeem thaiv qhov pom lossis zais cov chaw tseem ceeb.
Cov kev cai niaj hnub uas pom zoo:
- Ntxuav cov kab laug sab thiab cov kab nyob ib puag ncig lub koob yees duab.
- Ua kom cov nroj tsuag lossis cov khoom uas yuav thaiv qhov pom ntawm lub lens.
– Xyuas kom tseeb tias qhov cua nkag ncig lub DVR/NVR tsis tau npog kom nws tsis kub sai.
Rau cov chaw sab nraum zoov, kev ntxuav cov ntaub kab laug sab tuaj yeem ua tau ib zaug txhua 2-4 lub lis piam.
6. Xyuas seb DVR/NVR thiab cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia puas zoo.
Lub koob yees duab zoo yuav tsis muaj txiaj ntsig yog tias cov yeeb yaj kiab tsis raug khaws cia. DVRs/NVRs thiab hard drives yog cov khoom tseem ceeb, tab sis feem ntau lawv tsis tau saib xyuas. Lub hard drive uas tsis ua haujlwm feem ntau ua rau muaj cov tsos mob xws li cov yeeb yaj kiab ploj, rov ua dua tsis meej, lossis rov pib dua lub system ntau zaus.
Cov kauj ruam saib xyuas:
– Xyuas kom tseeb tias DVR/NVR tau muab tso rau qhov chaw txias thiab muaj cua nkag tau zoo.
- Ntxuav cov hmoov av ntawm lub kiv cua thiab cov qhov cua (siv lub tshuab cua lossis txhuam mos).
– Xyuas seb muaj pes tsawg qhov chaw cia khoom thiab lub sijhawm kwv yees cia cov ntaub ntawv kaw cia. Kho qhov bit rate, resolution, thiab motion detection settings.
- Tshawb xyuas qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub hard disk los ntawm cov ntawv qhia zaub mov ntawm lub cuab yeej (SMART / kev noj qab haus huv).
– Teem sijhawm hloov CCTV hard disk tsis tu ncua yog tias nws qub lawm (piv txwv li 2-4 xyoos nyob ntawm seb siv li cas).
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, kev kuaj xyuas DVR/NVR yuav tsum tau ua txhua 1-2 lub hlis.
7. Hloov kho firmware thiab kev teeb tsa kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub system
Rau cov koob yees duab IP niaj hnub thiab NVRs, cov firmware qub dhau los tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem sib xws, kab laum, thiab txawm tias muaj kev ruaj ntseg tsis zoo. Tsis tas li ntawm qhov zoo ntawm daim duab, kev saib xyuas lub kaw lus kuj suav nrog kev nkag mus rau kev ruaj ntseg kom tiv thaiv cov koob yees duab kom tsis txhob raug hacked yooj yim.
Yuav ua li cas:
- Hloov kho lub koob yees duab thiab NVR firmware los ntawm cov chaw raug cai, raws li tus qauv.
- Hloov tus password qub nrog tus password muaj zog.
- Pab kom muaj kev lees paub ntxiv yog tias muaj.
– Txwv kev nkag mus rau CCTV network thiab siv network segmentation (VLAN) yog tias ua tau.
- Tua cov kev pabcuam tsis siv (piv txwv li UPnP) yog tias lawv muaj kev pheej hmoo.
Yuav tsum tau hloov kho tshiab tsis tu ncua, tsawg kawg txhua 3-6 lub hlis lossis thaum muaj kev tso tawm tseem ceeb.
8. Kev ntsuas qhov zoo ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab: kev tsom mus rau qhov tseem ceeb, kev daws teeb meem, thiab kev nias kom nruj
Cov koob yees duab uas muaj cov iav sib txawv lossis cov iav uas muaj lub cev muaj zog yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas qhov tsom. Txawm tias me ntsis tsis tsom los kuj ua rau nws nyuaj rau paub cov ntsej muag lossis daim ntawv tsav tsheb. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov chaw teeb tsa compression (H.264/H.265), bit rate, thiab frame rate cuam tshuam rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev kaw.
Cov lus qhia txog kev saib xyuas qhov chaw:
- Xyuas kom meej tias tsom ntsoov rau thaj chaw tseem ceeb (piv txwv li 3–10 meters ntawm pem hauv ntej ntawm lub qhov rooj).
– Siv qhov kev daws teeb meem raws li qhov xav tau: thaj chaw them nyiaj lossis qhov nkag mus rau hauv tsev yuav tsum siab dua.
- Teem lub bit rate kom txaus kom nws tsis tawg thaum muaj kev txav mus los sai.
- Siv qhov WDR/HDR yog tias muaj qhov sib txawv ntau heev (lub qhov rooj ci ntsa iab, tig mus rau sab nraud).
Qhov kev kho kom raug no ua tau txhua 3–6 lub hlis, lossis thaum muaj kev tsis txaus siab txog qhov zoo ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab.
9. Sim cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kaw suab thiab cov yam ntxwv rov ua dua
Kev saib xyuas tsis yog tsuas yog xyuas seb qhov kev saib ntawd zoo li cas xwb. Muaj ntau tus neeg tsuas paub tias muaj teeb meem nrog lawv lub CCTV thaum muaj xwm txheej tshwm sim, thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab tsis muaj dab tsi lossis tsis tuaj yeem ua si tau. Yog li ntawd, kev sim ua si dua yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb.
Yuav tsum tau kuaj dab tsi:
- Cov ntaub ntawv kaw puas raug khaws cia rau hnub tim thiab sijhawm raug?
- Cov sijhawm teev sijhawm/clocks puas sib xws (siv NTP yog tias muaj)?
– Puas yog lub suab (yog siv) raug kaw cia li qub?
- Puas yog kev ntes kev txav mus los ua haujlwm raws li qhov xav tau?
Ua qhov kev sim ua si tsawg kawg ib hlis ib zaug, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov koob yees duab hauv cov chaw tseem ceeb.
10. Tsim ib daim ntawv teev sijhawm txij nkawm thiab sau cia
Yuav kom paub tseeb tias kev saib xyuas tas mus li, tsim ib daim ntawv teev sijhawm yooj yim thiab sau cov ntaub ntawv. Sau thaum lub lens raug ntxuav, lub hard drive raug kuaj xyuas, thiab txhua yam teeb meem pom thiab cov kauj ruam kho kom raug. Nrog rau daim ntawv teev sijhawm, koj tuaj yeem kwv yees thaum twg cov khoom yuav pib lwj, ua rau kev tiv thaiv yooj yim dua li kev kho thaum kawg.
Piv txwv ntawm daim ntawv teem sijhawm luv luv:
- Txhua lub lim tiam: xyuas qhov pom ntawm txhua lub koob yees duab, xyuas cov koob yees duab offline.
- Txhua Hli: ntxuav lub lens, xyuas hmo ntuj IR, xyuas qhov rov ua dua thiab lub sijhawm.
– Txhua 3 lub hlis: xyuas cov cables thiab cov connectors, ntxuav DVR/NVR, hloov kho firmware.
– Txhua 6–12 lub hlis: soj ntsuam qhov zoo ntawm kev kaw cov ntaub ntawv, qhov muaj peev xwm khaws cia, thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub hard disk.
Kev kaw
Kev saib xyuas lub koob yees duab CCTV tsis tu ncua tsis yog ib qho nyuaj, tab sis nws muaj feem cuam tshuam loj heev rau qhov zoo thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm koj lub kaw lus ruaj ntseg. Los ntawm kev ntxuav lub lens, xyuas kom meej tias lub kaum sab xis pom zoo, kuaj xyuas cov cables, ua kom DVR / NVR txias, thiab sim ua si tas li, koj tuaj yeem tswj cov yeeb yaj kiab kom meej thiab lub kaw lus uas ib txwm npaj siv. Vim tias CCTV ua haujlwm ua "pov thawj pom" thaum muaj xwm txheej tseem ceeb, kev saib xyuas tas li yog kev nqis peev me me rau kev tiv thaiv zoo dua.
Yog tias koj xav tau, kuv kuj tuaj yeem tsim ib qho version ntawm tsab xov xwm no rau ib lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb (tsev neeg, chaw ua haujlwm, lub Hoobkas) lossis ntxiv daim ntawv teev cov khoom siv txij nkawm hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub rooj npaj txhij rau luam tawm.
