Cov Txuj Ci Luam Ntawv Uas Koj Yuav Tsum Paub Txog Kev Kos Duab
Kev luam ntawv yog ib ceg ntawm kev kos duab zoo nkauj uas tsom mus rau cov txheej txheem luam ntawv los tsim cov haujlwm pom. Tsis zoo li cov duab kos, uas feem ntau yog cov ntawv luam tawm ib zaug xwb, kev luam ntawv tso cai rau cov kws kos duab los tsim ntau tsab, ua tsaug rau kev siv lub matrix lossis "phaj luam ntawv" uas tuaj yeem siv dua. Txawm li cas los xij, txhua daim ntawv luam tawm tuaj yeem tshwj xeeb nyob ntawm cov txheej txheem, kua mem, ntawv, thiab txoj kev luam ntawv. Raws li lub sijhawm dhau los, kev luam ntawv tsis yog tsuas yog ib qho chaw rau kev qhia tawm kev kos duab xwb tab sis kuj yog ib feem ntawm keeb kwm ntawm kev sib txuas lus pom - los ntawm phau ntawv thiab cov ntawv tshaj tawm mus rau cov haujlwm niaj hnub hauv cov chaw kos duab. Nov yog cov txheej txheem luam ntawv uas koj yuav tsum paub, nrog rau lawv cov yam ntxwv, cov cuab yeej, thiab lub zog.
1. Luam Tawm Siab (Luam Tawm Zoo)
Kev luam ntawv uas tsa siab yog ib txoj kev uas thaj chaw luam ntawv raug muab tso rau ntawm qhov chaw uas tsa siab. Cov cheeb tsam uas tsis pub luam ntawv raug txiav los yog khawb tawm kom ua rau qhov siab qis dua. Thaum siv cov kua mem rau ntawm qhov chaw, cov cheeb tsam uas tsa siab yuav tau txais cov kua mem, uas tom qab ntawd raug xa mus rau daim ntawv los ntawm kev nias.
Piv txwv ntawm cov txheej txheem luam ntawv siab:
– Duab Txiav Ntoo: Ib daim duab uas siv lub rooj ntoo. Cov yam ntxwv pom feem ntau yog xim tawv, sib txawv, thiab qee zaum muaj cov qauv vim yog cov ntoo.
– Linocut: Siv linoleum uas mos dua ntoo, yog li nws yooj yim dua rau kev txiav thiab tsim cov kab du thiab cov chaw huv si.
Cov Zoo: yooj yim kawm rau cov neeg pib tshiab, tus nqi khoom siv pheej yig dua, cov txiaj ntsig tuaj yeem zoo li siab tawv thiab qhia tau zoo.
Cov teeb meem: kev kho kom raug yog qhov nyuaj vim tias cov khoom siv tau raug txiav; yuav tsum tau npaj cov khoom kom zoo.
2. Kev Luam Ntawv Intaglio
Qhov txawv ntawm kev luam ntawv siab, kev luam ntawv tob siv thaj chaw "concave" ua chaw khaws kua mem. Kua mem raug siv rau ntawm qhov khawb lossis qhov hauv lub phaj (feem ntau yog hlau), tom qab ntawd ntxuav qhov chaw ntawm lub phaj, tsuas yog tso cov kua mem rau hauv qhov chaw nqaim. Tom qab ntawd daim ntawv ntub dej raug nias kom ruaj khov siv lub tshuab nias, yuam daim ntawv rau hauv cov qhov thiab nqus cov kua mem.
Cov hom intaglio nrov:
– Kev txiav ntoo (hlau txiav): Cov khawb ua los ntawm rab chisel ntse (burin). Qhov tshwm sim yog cov kab ntxaws ntxaws, meej, thiab zoo li "classic".
– Kev Txiav: Lub phaj hlau raug txheej nrog ib txheej av tiv thaiv, tom qab ntawd khawb kom pom qee qhov chaw, tom qab ntawd muab tso rau hauv cov kua qaub kom xeb cov chaw uas raug khawb. Cov txheej txheem no tso cai rau cov kab kua, zoo ib yam li kev kos duab.
– Qhov Chaw Qhuav: Txiav lub phaj ncaj qha yam tsis muaj kua qaub. Qhov kev txiav ua rau muaj cov burrs (cov hlau zoo) uas muab cov kab mos, nplua nuj, tab sis hnav sai, ua rau nws yog ib tsab tsawg.
– Aquatint: Tsim cov xim thiab cov gradients nrog cov resin granules uas tau cua sov, tom qab ntawd zom nrog acid. Haum rau cov teebmeem zoo li kev ntxuav dej lossis cov atmospheric nuances.
Zoo: muaj peev xwm tsim cov ntsiab lus siab heev thiab nplua nuj tonal nuances.
Cov teeb meem: cov cuab yeej thiab cov ntaub ntawv kim dua, kev siv tshuab ntau dua, xav tau kev nyab xeeb hauv kev ua haujlwm (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev siv tshuaj lom neeg), thiab xav tau lub tshuab nias.
3. Luam Tawm Tiaj (Planography/Lithography)
Planography ua haujlwm raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus uas roj thiab dej tsis sib tov. Qhov chaw luam ntawv tseem tiaj tus - tsis muaj thaj chaw tsa lossis qis. Cov txheej txheem paub zoo tshaj plaws yog lithography, uas thawj zaug siv limestone (lithostone), txawm hais tias ntau tus tam sim no kuj siv cov phaj txhuas (offset / lithoplate).
Cov txheej txheem: ib daim duab raug tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv roj (lithography crayon lossis kua mem tshwj xeeb) rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub pob zeb / phaj. Tom qab ntawd, qhov chaw raug kho nrog cov tshuaj lom neeg kom cov chaw duab tau txais cov kua mem roj, thaum cov chaw tsis yog duab khaws dej thiab thawb cov kua mem. Thaum lub sijhawm luam ntawv, qhov chaw raug ntub, cov kua mem raug dov rau, thiab daim duab raug luam tawm.
Zoo: zoo heev rau kev kos duab tes zoo, suav nrog cov qauv cwj mem / xim av.
Cov Teeb Meem: cov txheej txheem nyuaj heev, xav tau cov cuab yeej siv thiab kev paub txog kev siv tshuab, thiab cov chaw ua haujlwm hauv studio txaus.
4. Kev Luam Ntawv Screen (Serigraphy)
Kev luam ntawv silkscreen yog ib txoj kev luam ntawv uas cuam tshuam nrog kev thawb cov kua mem hla lub vijtsam uas ncab hla lub thav duab. Cov cheeb tsam uas koj tsis xav kom cov kua mem hla dhau los raug npog nrog emulsion (photo emulsion) lossis stencil. Siv lub squeegee, cov kua mem raug yuam hla cov cheeb tsam qhib ntawm lub vijtsam thiab xa mus rau cov ntaub ntawv luam ntawv.
Cov txheej txheem no nrov heev vim nws yoog tau: nws tuaj yeem luam tawm ntawm daim ntawv, ntaub, yas, ntoo, txawm tias cov chaw uas tsis tiaj tiaj.
Cov yam ntxwv pom: cov xim tawv tawv, cov tiaj tiaj thiab qhov ua tau ntawm cov xim sib xyaw ua ke.
Cov Zoo: Haum rau kev tsim tawm, cov xim tuaj yeem ci / muaj zog heev, tuaj yeem siv rau ntau yam xov xwm.
Cov teeb meem: kev sau npe (qhov tseeb ntawm kev sib phim xim) xav tau kev ua kom raug; cov txheej txheem luam ntawv xav tau chav tsaus ntuj / kev tswj hwm cov emulsion zoo.
5. Monoprint thiab Monotype (Ib Daim Luam)
Hauv ntiaj teb ntawm kev kos duab, tsis yog txhua daim duab luam tawm yuav tsum muaj ntau daim. Monotype thiab monoprint yog cov txheej txheem uas tsim cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb.
– Monotype: Tus kws kos duab pleev xim lossis siv kua mem ncaj qha rau ntawm qhov chaw du (iav, acrylic, phaj hlau), tom qab ntawd muab nws tso rau ntawm daim ntawv siv lub zog. Tom qab luam ntawv, yuav luag tsis muaj kua mem seem rau kev luam ntawv thib ob, yog li qhov tshwm sim yog ib qho tshwj xeeb.
– Monoprint: Muaj cov ntsiab lus matrix uas rov ua dua tau (piv txwv li cov phaj uas muaj cov qauv ruaj khov), tab sis txhua daim ntawv luam tawm tseem tshwj xeeb vim yog kev kho cov kua mem sib txawv, cov ntaub so, lossis cov duab ntxiv.
Zoo: pub dawb, ua tau sai, thiab tsim nyog rau kev tshawb nrhiav cov qauv thiab cov tes taw.
Cov teeb meem: nyuaj rau rov ua dua; yuav tsum tau npaj txhij los txais cov txiaj ntsig "xav tsis thoob".
6. Kev Siv Cov Ntawv Sau Ua Ke (Colagraph)
Collagraph yog ib txoj kev siv cov khoom siv sib dhos ua ke. Tus kws kos duab tsim lub phaj los ntawm kev muab ntau yam khoom siv los txuas - ntawv, ntaub, nplooj, xuab zeb, xov - thiab tom qab ntawd siv cov khoom siv sealant los ua kom lub phaj ruaj khov. Cov phaj no tuaj yeem luam tawm ua cov ntawv luam tawm siab, luam tawm tob, lossis ua ke ntawm cov no, nyob ntawm seb siv kua mem thiab siab npaum li cas.
Zoo: kev tshawb nrhiav heev, tso cai rau cov qauv siab heev thiab cov txiaj ntsig nplua nuj.
Cov Teeb Meem: cov phaj tuaj yeem lwj sai yog tias tsis kaw kom zoo; cov txiaj ntsig tuaj yeem tsis paub tseeb; yuav tsum tau sim ua ntej thiaj nrhiav tau cov kua mem thiab lub zog siab.
7. Kev Luam Ntawv Digital Ua Ib Feem Ntawm Kev Xyaum Kos Duab
Txawm hais tias kev luam ntawv ib txwm muaj kev siv tes ua, kev luam ntawv digital (giclée, inkjet, risograph, laser print) tam sim no feem ntau siv rau hauv kev luam ntawv niaj hnub no - ua haujlwm kawg, lossis ua ke nrog cov txheej txheem tes (piv txwv li, kev luam ntawv digital ua raws li serigraphy lossis etching).
Qhov zoo: kev ua haujlwm siab, yooj yim los tsim cov xim sib txawv, ceev thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo rau kev tshaj tawm.
Cov Teeb Meem: cov teeb meem ntawm kev ruaj khov ntawm cov kua mem/ntawv yuav tsum tau daws; qhov tseem ceeb ntawm "ua tes ua" feem ntau raug sib cav, yog li nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom hais meej txog txoj kev thiab tsab ntawv.
Tej Yam Tseem Ceeb Yuav Tsum Nkag Siab: Matrix, Edition, thiab Numbering
Hauv kev luam ntawv, lo lus matrix txhais tau hais txog cov khoom siv luam ntawv (phaj ntoo, linoleum, hlau, ntxaij vab tshaus, lossis pob zeb). Nws yog los ntawm matrix no uas cov ntawv luam tawm tau tsim. Cov kws kos duab feem ntau txiav txim siab tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm thiab tom qab ntawd suav cov haujlwm, piv txwv li, 3/20 (kev luam tawm thib 3 ntawm 20). Ntxiv rau cov ntawv luam tawm, kuj tseem muaj:
– AP (Pov Thawj Kws Kos Duab): ib daim ntawv luam tshwj xeeb rau ib tus kws kos duab, feem ntau muaj tsawg.
– TP (Trial Proof): cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sim ua ntej tsab kawg.
– HC (Hors Commerce): tsis yog rau kev muag khoom, feem ntau yog rau kev nthuav qhia lossis kev khaws cia cov ntaub ntawv.
Kev nkag siab txog cov lej pab kom pom cov ntsiab lus ntawm txoj haujlwm: seb nws puas yog tsab ntawv tshaj tawm raug cai, pov thawj sim, lossis kev hloov pauv tshwj xeeb.
Xaus
Cov txheej txheem luam ntawv muaj ntau yam, los ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm siab, "tus cwj pwm" mus rau cov ntawv luam tawm tob tob thiab ntxaws ntxaws, cov ntawv lithography zoo nkauj, cov xim serigraphy uas muaj xim zoo nkauj, thiab cov ntawv monotypes thiab collagraphs sim. Txhua txoj kev muaj cov lus pom sib txawv thiab xav tau txoj kev xav thiab kev txawj sib txawv. Los ntawm kev paub koj tus kheej nrog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb no, koj tsis tsuas yog tuaj yeem nkag siab tob txog kev luam ntawv xwb tab sis kuj nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem ntev tom qab txhua nplooj ntawv luam tawm - kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev ua tib zoo, kev sim, thiab kev muaj tswv yim.
Yog tias koj xav tau, kuv tuaj yeem pab koj xaiv cov txheej txheem tsim nyog tshaj plaws rau cov pib tshiab (raws li koj cov peev nyiaj thiab lub hom phiaj pom), lossis tsim ib qho version ntawm tsab xov xwm no uas tsom mus rau cov kauj ruam ua tau thiab cov npe ntawm cov cuab yeej.
