Silkscreen hauv Graphic Arts: Ib Daim Ntawv Qhia Tag Nrho
Kev luam ntawv silkscreen—feem ntau hu ua kev luam ntawv screen—yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem nrov tshaj plaws hauv kev kos duab vim nws tsim cov ntawv luam tawm muaj zog, muaj xim nplua nuj, thiab yooj yim rov ua dua. Cov txheej txheem no yog siv hauv ntiaj teb ntawm kev kos duab zoo nkauj, kev tsim qauv, thiab kev lag luam (T-shirts, posters, ntim khoom), tab sis nws tseem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev kos duab vim tias cov txheej txheem yog "ua haujlwm tes" heev thiab qhib ntau txoj hauv kev rau kev sim pom. Tsab xov xwm no tham txog silkscreen tag nrho: los ntawm nws cov lus txhais, keeb kwm, cov cuab yeej thiab cov ntaub ntawv, cov txheej txheem, mus rau cov lus qhia rau cov ntawv luam tawm zoo nkauj thiab sib xws dua.
Silkscreen yog dab tsi?
Kev luam ntawv silkscreen yog ib txoj kev luam ntawv stencil uas siv ib daim ntaub mesh uas ncab hla ib lub thav duab (screen). Cov kua mem raug thawb los ntawm daim ntaub mesh qhib siv lub squeegee, tsim ib daim duab rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov xov xwm (ntawv, ntaub, yas, thiab lwm yam). Cov cheeb tsam uas tsis pub luam ntawv raug npog nrog emulsion lossis lwm txoj kev stencil kom tiv thaiv cov kua mem kom tsis txhob nkag mus rau cov cheeb tsam ntawd.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev luam ntawv silkscreen yog nws lub peev xwm los tsim cov xim sib npaug, khov kho, thiab ntse, txawm tias ntawm cov chaw uas tsis ib txwm haum rau lwm cov txheej txheem luam ntawv. Kev luam ntawv silkscreen kuj muaj kev ywj pheej: nws tuaj yeem siv rau ob qho tib si luam tawm tsawg thiab kev tsim khoom loj.
Ib zaj keeb kwm luv luv ntawm silkscreen
Cov hauv paus ntawm Silkscreen tuaj yeem taug qab mus rau cov txheej txheem stenciling hauv Asia, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Tuam Tshoj thiab Nyiv, uas siv cov ntaub txhob lo lo ntxhuav ua ib daim ntaub. Nws txoj kev loj hlob niaj hnub no tau tshwm sim thaum mesh (thawj zaug yog txhob lo lo ntxhuav, tom qab ntawd polyester) tau ua ke nrog cov duab emulsion thiab kev siv tshuab. Hauv xyoo pua 20th, silkscreen tau txais kev nyiam hauv kev tsim khoom lag luam thiab pop art. Cov kws ua yeeb yam zoo li Andy Warhol tau pab txhawb nqa silkscreen ua ib qho chaw raug cai rau kev qhia tawm kos duab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov txheej txheem qiv nws tus kheej rau kev rov ua dua, txheej xim, thiab kev tshawb nrhiav cov cim pom.
Vim li cas silkscreen thiaj li tseem ceeb hauv kev kos duab?
Hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev kos duab, silkscreen sawv tawm vim tias:
1. Xim muaj zog thiab tsis pom tseeb
Cov kua mem luam ntawv feem ntau "npog" ntau dua li lwm cov txheej txheem luam ntawv, yog li cov xim zoo li tuab.
2. Kev tsim cov txheej txheem muaj tswv yim
Koj tuaj yeem sib tshooj ntau txheej xim (multi-layer) los tsim qhov tob, kev ntxhib los mos, thiab kev pom tseeb.
3. Kev tsim tawm tas li
Haum rau kev tsim cov ntawv luam tawm ntawm cov haujlwm uas zoo sib xws, tsuav yog kev sau npe thiab kev tswj cov kua mem ruaj khov.
4. Muaj ntau yam xov xwm sib txawv
Txij li ntawv kos duab mus rau ntaub, ntoo, acrylic, thiab txawm tias qee yam khoom 3D (nrog cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb).
Cov khoom siv thiab cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim
Yuav pib nrog silkscreening, ntawm no yog qee cov cuab yeej siv:
– Screen (ncej + mesh): Mesh muaj qib ceev (piv txwv li 77T, 90T, 120T) uas cuam tshuam rau qhov meej thiab tuab ntawm cov kua mem.
- Cov tshuaj pleev xim rau duab: Cov kua uas rhiab rau lub teeb rau kev ua cov stencils ntawm cov ntxaij vab tshaus.
- Txheej (cov cuab yeej siv emulsion): Pab kom cov emulsion nthuav dav sib npaug ntawm qhov screen.
– Lub teeb rau kev tso tawm: Yuav yog lub teeb tshwj xeeb lossis lub tshuab tso tawm, nyob ntawm seb xav tau dab tsi.
– Zaj duab xis pob tshab (zoo): Muaj ib daim duab dub ruaj khov ua ib daim thaiv teeb.
- Squeegee: Ib lub squeegee roj hmab uas muaj qee qhov tawv los thawb cov kua mem.
– Cov kua luam ntawv: Ntau hom (dej-based, plastisol, acrylic screen ink) raws li cov xov xwm.
– Rooj luam ntawv / clamp / hinge: Pab sau npe kom qhov chaw luam ntawv sib xws.
- Tshuaj tsuag / da dej: Rau cov txheej txheem ntxuav tawm (qhib daim duab tom qab raug tshav ntuj).
– Cov khoom siv ntxuav: Cov tshuaj emulsion remover, degreaser, thiab ink cleaner—tseem ceeb rau kev saib xyuas lub vijtsam.
Hom kua mem: hom twg haum?
Qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov kua mem txiav txim siab tus cwj pwm ntawm qhov kawg tshwm sim:
– Ua los ntawm dej: Zoo rau ib puag ncig dua, qhuav sai, thiab haum rau qee cov ntawv thiab ntaub. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau ua kom sai vim nws qhuav tau yooj yim ntawm qhov screen.
– Plastisol: Feem ntau siv rau cov tsho t-shirts; cov kua mem ruaj khov dua thiab tsis qhuav sai ntawm qhov screen, tab sis feem ntau xav tau cua sov kom kho tau.
– Cov kua xim acrylic: Siv dav rau ntawv/canvas, tsim cov xim ci thiab yooj yim siv.
Rau cov duab kos duab ntawm daim ntawv, cov kws kos duab feem ntau xaiv cov kua xim dej lossis cov kua xim acrylic vim tias lawv "zoo rau kev kos duab" thiab muaj ntau yam xim sib txawv.
Theem tsim: los ntawm lub tswv yim mus rau kev sib cais xim
Silkscreen yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib cais xim. Yog tias koj txoj haujlwm muaj ntau xim, txhua xim feem ntau xav tau ib daim screen sib cais.
Cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb:
1. Tsim ib qho qauv tsim los ntawm kev xav txog tus naj npawb ntawm cov xim.
2. Txheeb xyuas qhov kev txiav txim ntawm kev luam ntawv (feem ntau yog los ntawm lub teeb mus rau qhov tsaus ntuj, txawm tias tsis yog txhua lub sijhawm).
3. Npaj cov ntaub ntawv sib cais: txhua xim dhau los ua nws cov txheej.
4. Luam tawm zaj duab xis zoo: thaj chaw uas yuav luam tawm yuav tsum yog xim dub kom lub teeb tsis nkag mus.
Yog tias koj xav tau qhov zoo nkauj ntawm tes, kev sib cais tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev kos duab ncaj qha rau txhua xim, es tsis txhob cia siab rau software xwb.
Cov txheej txheem luam ntawv (ua cov stencils rau ntawm cov ntxaij vab tshaus)
Afdruk yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev luam ntawv niaj hnub:
1. Tshem roj
Ntxuav lub vijtsam ntawm cov roj / plua plav kom cov emulsion lo zoo.
2. Txheej emulsion
Siv cov tshuaj pleev kom sib npaug zos. Sim kom cov tshuaj emulsion tuab sib npaug.
3. Kev ziab
Ziab daim ntaub thaiv qhov rai rau hauv chav tsaus ntuj/tsaus ntuj (vim tias cov tshuaj emulsion rhiab rau lub teeb).
4. Kev Raug Mob
Muab daim zaj duab xis positive tso rau ntawm lub vijtsam, tom qab ntawd tso rau hauv lub teeb kom raug lub sijhawm. Lub sijhawm ntev npaum li cas nyob ntawm hom emulsion, qhov deb ntawm lub teeb, thiab qhov ci ntawm lub teeb.
5. Ntxuav tawm
Tsuag dej rau ntawm daim screen. Cov cheeb tsam uas daim duab dub npog yuav yaj thiab dhau los ua qhov chaw qhib rau cov kua mem.
Tus yuam sij rau kev luam ntawv zoo yog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov emulsion, lub sijhawm raug, thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab zoo.
Cov txheej txheem luam ntawv: kauj ruam yog kauj ruam
Thaum lub vijtsam npaj txhij lawm, cov txheej txheem luam ntawv feem ntau mus li no:
1. Kev Sau Npe
Muab daim ntawv lossis cov ntaub ntawv tso rau ntawm lub rooj luam ntawv. Siv cov cim sau npe yog tias nws muaj ntau xim.
2. Dej nyab
Maj mam rub cov kua mem kom puv thaj chaw duab ntawm qhov screen yam tsis tas nias hnyav dhau.
3. Luam tawm kab txaij
Nias lub squeegee ntawm lub kaum sab xis ruaj khov (feem ntau yog 45 °) thiab rub nrog lub zog sib npaug kom siv cov kua mem rau ntawm cov xov xwm.
4. Nqa lub vijtsam thiab xyuas cov txiaj ntsig
Saib seb cov kua mem puas sib npaug los yog puas muaj qee qhov chaw uas ploj lawm.
5. Ziab ntawm cov xim (yog tias muaj ntau txheej)
Xyuas kom tseeb tias txheej qhuav txaus ua ntej luam tawm cov xim tom ntej kom tsis txhob muaj kev smearing.
6. Rov ua dua rau cov ntawv tshaj tawm
Rau cov ntawv luam tawm, tswj kom muaj kev sib xws ntawm qhov siab, qhov ntau ntawm cov kua mem, thiab qhov ceev.
Cov txheej txheem kos duab uas feem ntau siv
Silkscreen tsis tas yuav tsum yog "tiaj tus thiab huv si." Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev kos duab:
- Halftone: Tsim cov gradients siv cov dots. Nrov rau ntawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm.
– Kev luam ntawv dhau: Muab cov xim pob tshab sib dhos ua ke los tsim cov xim tshiab.
- Faib lub qhov dej: Muab ob xim ntawm cov kua mem tso rau ntawm lub vijtsam ib zaug thiab cia kom sib tov thaum lub sijhawm luam ntawv.
- Kev tshuaj ntsuam cov qauv: Ntxiv cov qauv los ntawm kev siv emulsion, nplaum, lossis cov txheej txheem stencil tes.
- Kev luam tawm txo qis (silkscreen version): Hloov tib lub vijtsam rau txhua theem xim (muaj kev pheej hmoo ntau dua, tab sis tshwj xeeb).
Cov yuam kev uas tshwm sim ntau thiab yuav kho lawv li cas
1. Cov txiaj ntsig luam tawm tsis sib xws / tsis zoo ib yam
Ua rau: lub zog nias tsis sib xws, kua mem tuab/nyias dhau, lossis lub mesh tsis haum.
Kev daws teeb meem: kho qhov viscosity ntawm cov kua mem, xaiv qhov mesh zoo, tswj lub kaum sab xis thiab lub siab ntawm cov squeegee.
2. Cov ntsiab lus ploj thaum lub sijhawm ntxuav
Ua rau: tsis pom kev zoo los yog emulsion nyias dhau.
Kev daws teeb meem: ua kom lub sijhawm raug tshuaj ntau dua, txheej kom sib npaug dua, xyuas qhov zoo ntawm zaj duab xis zoo.
3. Cov kua mem xau rau thaj chaw uas yuav tsum tau npog
Ua rau: cov kua emulsion puas/qhov, daim ntaub thaiv qias neeg, lossis muaj kev nias ntau dhau.
Kev daws teeb meem: ua qhov kov, xyuas qhov screen ua ntej luam ntawv, txo qhov siab.
4. Yuam kev sau npe ntawm ntau xim luam tawm
Ua rau: xov xwm txav mus los, clamp xoob, cim sau npe tsis meej.
Kev daws teeb meem: siv lub jig/clamp, ua cov cim sau npe, khaws qhov chaw ntawv kom sib xws.
Kev saib xyuas thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub vijtsam
Kev luam ntawv silkscreen pheej yig dua yog tias siv tau dua. Thaum ua tiav lawm:
- Ntxuav cov kua cwj mem tam sim ntawd kom tiv thaiv nws kom tsis txhob qhuav.
- Siv cov tshuaj emulsion remover los tshem cov stencil yog tias koj xav tau tus qauv tshiab.
- Ntxuav thiab ziab lub vijtsam kom zoo kom tsis txhob muaj pwm thiab cov khib nyiab.
Rau kev nyab xeeb:
- Xyuas kom muaj cua nkag tau zoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum siv cov tshuaj ntxuav.
– Siv hnab looj tes thiab khoom tiv thaiv qhov muag yog tias tsim nyog.
- Khaws cov tshuaj lom neeg kom deb ntawm cov menyuam yaus thiab cov chaw uas ua rau kub hnyiab.
Kev kaw
Kev luam ntawv silkscreen yog ib txoj kev luam ntawv muaj zog heev—ua ke kev ua haujlwm kom raug nrog rau ntau qhov chaw rau kev tshawb nrhiav muaj tswv yim. Los ntawm kev nkag siab txog cov cuab yeej, cov txheej txheem luam ntawv, kev tswj cov kua mem, thiab kev sau npe, koj tuaj yeem tsim cov haujlwm uas sib xws thiab qhia tawm. Txawm hais tias rau cov ntawv tshaj tawm tsawg tsawg, cov haujlwm ntawm daim ntawv kos duab zoo nkauj, lossis cov khoom tsim ntawm lwm yam xov xwm, silkscreen muab lub sijhawm los ua si nrog xim, cov qauv, thiab cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg hauv txoj kev sib txawv. Yog tias koj nyuam qhuav pib, pib nrog ib qho kev tsim xim ib leeg kom paub txog cov hauv paus, tom qab ntawd ua haujlwm koj txoj hauv kev mus txog ntau xim thiab sim nrog cov txheej txheem. Nrog kev xyaum, silkscreen dhau los ua ntau dua li txoj kev luam ntawv—nws yog ib hom lus pom uas koj tuaj yeem tsim rau hauv koj tus kheej kos npe.
