Pehea e hana ai i ka mea holoi i hoʻokumu ʻia me ka enzyme
I kēia au hou o kēia au, ke piʻi nei ke koi no nā huahana mālama a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe. ʻO kekahi o nā huahana koʻikoʻi loa, ʻo ia ka detergent. Pono ka detergent maikaʻi e hiki ke wehe pono i nā ʻōpala me ka ʻole o ka hōʻino ʻana i nā lole. ʻO kekahi o nā hana hou loa i ka ʻoihana detergent, ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā enzymes. ʻO nā enzymes nā mea hoʻoulu olaola e hiki ke hoʻolalelale i nā hopena kemika, me ka uhaki ʻana o nā ʻōpala organik ma nā lole. Ma lalo nei, e kūkākūkā hohonu mākou pehea e hana ai i nā detergents i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka enzyme.
He Moʻolelo Pōkole o ka Hoʻohana ʻana i ka Enzyme i nā Detergents
Ua hoʻolauna mua ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā enzymes i loko o nā detergents i nā makahiki 1960. ʻO nā enzymes i hoʻohana mua ʻia he mau protease, nona ka hiki ke wāwahi i nā protein. Mai ia manawa, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā enzymes i loko o nā detergents me ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā ʻano enzymes like ʻole e like me lipase (e wehe i ka momona), amylase (e wāwahi i ka starch), a me cellulase (e kōkua ana i ka mālama ʻana i ke kala a me ka palupalu o nā lole).
Nā ʻano o nā Enzymes i hoʻohana ʻia i nā Detergents
1. Protease: Hoʻopau kēia enzyme i nā protein i loaʻa pinepine i nā ʻōpala meaʻai e like me nā hua manu, ke koko, a me nā huahana waiū.
2. Lipase: He kūpono kēia enzyme i ka wāwahi ʻana i nā momona a me nā aila i loaʻa pinepine i nā ʻōpala meaʻai ʻaila e like me nā mea ʻono a me ka pata.
3. Amylase: Hoʻohana ʻia kēia enzyme e wāwahi i ka starch i loaʻa pinepine i nā ʻōpala meaʻai e like me ka laiki a me ka pasta.
4. Cellulase: Kōkua kēia enzyme i ka mālama ʻana i ka palupalu o ka lole a pale i ka hōʻino ʻia ʻana o ka fiber a hoʻemi i ke ʻano o nā fibers liʻiliʻi ma ka ʻili o ka lole, i ʻike ʻia ʻo pilling.
Nā Mea Hoʻohui e Pono ai
No ka hana ʻana i ka mea holoi enzyme, eia nā mea hoʻohui e pono ai ʻoe:
1. Nā Surfactants Anionic a me Nonionic: ʻO nā Surfactants nā mea nui i loko o nā detergents e kōkua i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka ʻili o ka wai a ʻae i ka wai e hoʻoheheʻe i ka lepo a me nā ʻōpala. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o nā surfactants anionic ʻo sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) a me sodium laureth sulfate (SLES), ʻoiai ʻo nā surfactants nonionic e komo pū me ka waiʻona ethoxylated.
2. Nā ʻenzymes: E koho i kahi enzyme e pili ana i ka ʻili āu e makemake ai e mālama. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai i nā ʻenzymes protease, lipase, amylase, a me cellulase ma ke kālepa.
3. Mea Hana: Kōkua nā mea hana i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka pono o nā surfactants. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o nā mea hana he sodium tripolyphosphate, zeolite, a i ʻole citrate.
4. Mea hoʻopihapiha: E like me ka sodium sulfate e hana ana ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopaʻa a hana i kahi puʻu detergent.
5. Nā mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe: E like me nā polycarboxylates e pale ai i ka reabsorption o ka lepo ma luna o ka lole, nā mea anti-redeposition, a me nā optical brighteners e hoʻonui i ka ʻōlinolino o ke kala o ka lole.
6. Wai: Ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui kumu e hoʻoheheʻe i nā ʻāpana āpau.
Kaʻina Hana Hana
Eia nā ʻanuʻu no ka hana ʻana i ka mea holoi enzyme:
1. Ke hana ʻana i ke kumu holoi
ʻO ka hana mua, ʻo ia ke kāwili ʻana i nā surfactants anionic a me nonionic. Ma kahi pae ʻoihana, hana pinepine ʻia kēia kaʻina hana i nā reactors kāwili nui.
1. Ke kaupaona ʻana a me ke kāwili ʻana i nā Surfactants:
– E kaupaona i ka nui e pono ai o ka anionic surfactant e like me SLS a i ʻole SLES.
– E kāwili i ka surfactant anionic me ka surfactant nonionic ma ka lakio kūpono.
– E hoʻowali a hui like me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mea hui ʻoihana a i ʻole ka mea hui wikiwiki.
2. Hoʻohui i ka Mea Kūkulu:
– E hoʻohui i kahi mea kūkulu (e laʻa, sodium tripolyphosphate) i ka hui surfactant.
– E hōʻoia i ka hoʻoheheʻe loa ʻia o ka mea hana i loko o ka hui ʻana.
3. Hoʻohui i ka Wai:
- E hoʻohui i ka wai a hiki i ka loaʻa ʻana o ke ʻano i makemake ʻia.
– E hoʻowali mau e hōʻoia i ka hui maikaʻi ʻana o nā mea āpau a ʻaʻohe puʻupuʻu.
2. Hoʻohui ʻia o nā ʻenzymes
Ke mākaukau ke kumu detergent, ʻo ka hana aʻe e hoʻohui i nā enzymes. Pono e hana ʻia ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā enzymes ma lalo o nā kūlana i kāohi ʻia e hōʻoia ʻaʻole lākou e denature.
1. Hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka ʻenzyme:
– E kaupaona i ka enzyme e like me ka nui i koi ʻia. ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻohui ʻia nā enzymes ma nā nui haʻahaʻa (1-2% o ka nui holoʻokoʻa).
Pono e mālama pono i nā enzymes a hoʻoheheʻe mua ʻia i ka wai e maʻalahi ai ka hui ʻana.
2. Hoʻohui ʻia o nā Enzymes i loko o ke kumu holoi:
– E hoʻohui mālie i ka hopena enzyme i ke kumu detergent me ka hoʻoulu mau ʻana. Pono e hoʻomalu ʻia ka mahana o ka hui ʻana e noho i loko o kahi pae i ʻole e hōʻino i nā enzymes (ma lalo o 40°C).
– E hoʻowali a hiki i ka hoʻolaha like ʻana o nā enzymes i loko o ka hui ʻana.
3. Hoʻohui ʻia o nā mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe
Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia nā mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka hui ʻana o ka enzyme.
1. Nā mea hoʻomālamalama maka a me nā mea pale i ka hoʻokahe hou ʻana:
– E hoʻohui i nā mea hoʻohui e like me nā mea hoʻomālamalama optical e hoʻonui i ke kala a me ka ʻōlinolino o ka lole.
– E hoʻohui i nā mea anti-redeposition e pale ai i nā ʻāpana lepo mai ka pipili hou ʻana i ka lole.
2. Mea hoʻopaʻa:
– E hoʻohui i nā mea hoʻopaʻa e like me ka sodium sulfate a me ka polycarboxylate e hōʻoia i ke kūpaʻa o ka ʻano detergent.
– E hoʻowali a hui like.
Ka Mana Hoʻomalu a me ka Hoʻopili ʻana
Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka hana ʻana i ka mea holoi enzyme, ʻo ka hana hope loa ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka kaohi maikaʻi a me ka hoʻopili ʻana.
1. Hoʻāʻo Kūlana:
– E hana i nā hoʻokolohua maikaʻi e pili ana i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka hiki ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe, ke kūpaʻa o ka enzyme, a me ka kūlike o ka detergent me nā ʻano lole like ʻole.
– E hōʻoia i ka hoʻokō ʻana o ka mea holoi i nā kūlana maikaʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia ma mua o ka hoʻolaha ʻia aku.
2. Hoʻopili ʻana:
– Pono e hana ʻia ka ʻōpala holoi ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻemaʻe e pale aku ai i ka haumia.
– E hoʻohana i ka ʻūpā paʻa i ka ea a me ka makū e hōʻoia i ka mālama ʻia ʻana o ke ola papa o ka enzyme.
Ka hopena
Hāʻawi nā mea holoi i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka enzyme i ka pono o ka wehe pono ʻana i nā ʻōpala organik me ka ʻole o ka hōʻino ʻana i nā olonā lole. Pili ke kaʻina hana i ka ʻike o ke ʻano kemika a me ka biochemical o nā enzymes. Ma ka hahai ʻana i nā ʻanuʻu i hōʻike ʻia, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kahi mea holoi enzyme kūpono a aloha i ke kaiapuni. ʻAʻole wale kēia hana hou e hoʻokō i ka makemake o nā mea kūʻai aku no nā huahana hoʻomaʻemaʻe kūpono akā kōkua pū kekahi i ka hoʻomau ʻana o ke kaiapuni.
