Ke Kaʻina Hana Hana ʻana o ka Nylon Plastic a me kāna Hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻOihana Loli
Pendahuluan
ʻO ka palaki Nylon kahi ʻano polymer synthetic i hoʻololi i nā ʻoihana like ʻole, me nā lole. Ua ʻike ʻia i ka makahiki 1935 e Wallace Carothers ma DuPont, ua lilo ka nylon i mea koho i ka hana ʻana i nā huahana he nui ma muli o kona mau waiwai kūikawā, e like me ke kūpaʻa, ka ikaika, a me ka elasticity. E wehewehe kēia ʻatikala i ke kaʻina hana hana o ka palaki nylon a nānā i kāna mau hoʻohana like ʻole i ka ʻoihana lole.
Ka Moʻolelo a me ka ʻIke ʻana o ka Nylon
ʻO Nylon kekahi o nā polymers synthetic mua i hoʻomohala ʻia a hana ʻia ma ke kālepa. Ua pili loa kona ʻike ʻana i ka noiʻi a DuPont i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 20, i manaʻo ʻia e loaʻa kahi mea synthetic hou e pani i ka silika. Ma hope o kekahi mau makahiki o ka noiʻi ʻana, ua holomua ʻo Wallace Carothers a me kāna hui i ka hana ʻana i ka polyamide mua i hiki ke hana nui ʻia, ʻo nylon 66.
Kaʻina Hana Nailoni
ʻO ka hana ʻana o ka nylon e pili ana i kahi kaʻina hana kemika paʻakikī, mai nā monomers a i nā polymers. Eia kahi wehewehe kikoʻī:
1. Koho ʻana i nā mea maka: ʻO nā mea kumu no ka hana ʻana i ka nylon he mau monomers i haku ʻia me ka hexamethylenediamine a me ka waikawa adipic. Loaʻa i kēia mau mea ʻelua nā hui amine hana (-NH2) a me ka waikawa carboxylic (-COOH), he mea nui ia no ke kaʻina hana polymerization.
2. Condensation Polymerization: ʻO ke kaʻina hana mua i ka hana nylon ʻo ia ka condensation polymerization. Ma kēia kaʻina hana, ua hui pū ʻia ka hexamethylenediamine a me ka adipic acid a hoʻomehana ʻia a hiki i ka wā e hana ai lākou i ka nylon 66 a me ka wai ma ke ʻano he byproduct. Hiki ke wehewehe ʻia ka hopena penei:
\[
(NH_2)(CH_2)_6(NH_2) + (COOH)(CH_2)_4(COOH) \arrow pololei [-NH-(CH_2)_6-NH-CO-(CH_2)_4-CO-]_n + nH_2O
\]
3. Ka Milo ʻana a me ka Hoʻomehana ʻana: Ke hana ʻia ka polymer, ʻo ka hana aʻe ka milo ʻana. Hoʻouna ʻia ka polymer i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma o kahi spinneret—he mea hana e like me ke kānana me nā lua liʻiliʻi—e hana i nā filaments maikaʻi. A laila hoʻomaʻalili ʻia a kīkoʻo ʻia nā filaments i hana ʻia e hoʻonui i ko lākou ikaika a me ke kūpaʻa.
4. Ka Wili ʻana a me ka Milo ʻana: A laila ʻōwili ʻia nā olonā nylon i loko o ke kaula. A laila hele kēia kaula i ke kaʻina hana hoʻokeʻokeʻo e wehe i ke koena reactive a i ʻole ke koena kemika a palupalu i ka olonā.
5. Ke Kaha Kiʻi a me ke ʻAno Hana: Pili kēia kaʻina hana i ke kaha kiʻi ʻana i ke kaula uila i ka wikiwiki e hoʻonui i kona lōʻihi a me kona ikaika. A laila hiki ke hana ʻia ke ʻAno Hana, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano hana mechanical a me thermal like ʻole e hāʻawi i nā waiwai kikoʻī i ke kaula uila, e like me ka elasticity a me ka flexibility.
Nā hoʻohana ʻana o ka Nylon ma ka ʻoihana lole
Ua lilo ka Nylon i mea nui i ka hana ʻana i nā huahana lole like ʻole ma muli o kona mau waiwai maikaʻi loa. Eia kekahi o kona hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻoihana lole:
1. Nā lole a me nā mea hana lole: Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka Nylon i ka hana lole ma muli o kona māmā, paʻa, a palupalu hoʻi. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka lole Nylon i ka hana ʻana i nā lole komo, nā stockings, nā lole haʻuki, a me nā ʻaʻahu pale makani.
2. Nā lole o kēlā me kēia lā: Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka nylon e hana i nā lole o kēlā me kēia lā e like me nā umbrellas, nā ʻeke, a me nā mea pono kaʻa. Ua koho ʻia kēia mea no kona kūpaʻa i ka ʻānai ʻana a me kona kūpaʻa ikaika i nā ʻano aniau like ʻole.
3. Nā ʻOihana Kūikawā: Ma kekahi mau ʻoihana, e like me ka pūʻali koa, hoʻohana ʻia ka nylon e hana i nā parachute, nā lako hoʻomoana, a me ke kaula. ʻO nā pono o ka Nylon i ka ikaika tensile a me ke kū'ē ʻana i nā kemika e kūpono ia no kēia mau noi.
4. Nā Lako Hale a me nā Mea Hoʻonaninani Home: Hoʻohana ʻia ka Nylon i nā kāpeti a me nā upholstery lako. Ua kaulana nā kāpeti i hana ʻia mai nā olonā nylon no ko lākou kūpaʻa, maʻalahi o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana, a me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi i nā ʻōpala.
5. Ke Hoʻololi nei i nā ʻOlo Kūlohelohe: Ua pani pono ʻo Nylon i nā ʻolo kūlohelohe he nui, e like me ka silika a me ka hulu hipa, ma nā noi lole he nui. ʻO kona mau pono i hana nui ʻia a me ka hoʻokele waiwai nui aʻe i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻolo kūlohelohe e hoʻolilo i ka nylon i koho mua ma nā ʻāpana ʻoihana like ʻole.
Nā Pōmaikaʻi a me nā Pōʻino o ka Nylon
ʻO nā pono nui o ka olonā nylon ʻo ia kona ikaika tensile kūikawā a me kona hiki ke kīkoʻo i kahi ʻano ma mua o ka hoʻi ʻana i kona ʻano mua (elasticity). He kūpaʻa nō hoʻi ʻo Nylon i ka abrasion, ka mildew, a me ka hapa nui o nā kemika, e hāʻawi ana i ka lōʻihi e pono ai i nā noi he nui.
Eia nō naʻe, he mau hemahema ko ka nylon. ʻO kekahi, ʻo ia kona hiki ke omo i ka wai ma mua o nā olonā kūlohelohe e like me ka pulupulu, hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka ʻoluʻolu i nā aniau wela. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka nylon ke heheʻe i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe a pono ke mālama kūikawā i ka holoi ʻana e pale aku i ka hōʻino ʻia.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka Nylon ma ka ʻoihana lole
Ke hoʻomau nei ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻoihana lole, a ke hoʻomau nei ka hana hou i ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā olonā nylon. Ke hana nei nā kānaka noiʻi i kēia manawa e hana i nā nylons ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kaiapuni me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea maka hou a me nā kaʻina hana hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. Ke hana ʻia nei hoʻi nā hana e hoʻomohala i nā ʻano nylon me nā waiwai kūikawā, e like me nā waiwai antibacterial a i ʻole UV-resistant, ma o nā hoʻololi kemika a me ka ʻenehana.
Eia kekahi, ua lilo ka hana hou ʻana a me ka hana hou ʻana o ka nylon i mea nui e hōʻemi ai i ka hopena o ke kaiapuni. Ua lilo nā papahana e hana hou i ka nylon mai nā waiwai i hoʻohana ʻia a i ʻole nā ʻōpala hana i mea nui i ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻike kaiapuni.
Ka hopena
Ua hāʻawi nui ka palaki Nylon i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana lole mai kona ʻike ʻia ʻana ma mua o ʻewalu mau makahiki i hala. Ma o ke kaʻina hana e pili ana i ka polymerization a me ka milo ʻana i loko o nā olonā, ua lilo ka nylon i mea waiwai nui no ka hana ʻana i nā huahana lole like ʻole. ʻO kona mau pono ma ke ʻano o ka ikaika, ka lōʻihi, a me ka maʻalahi e hoʻolilo i ka nylon i mea hoʻonā versatile i ka honua lole. Me ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka noiʻi a me ka hana hou, ke nānā aku nei ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka nylon i ka mālamalama, me ka manaʻolana e hoʻohana nui ʻia nā huahana nylon hoʻomau a aloha i ke kaiapuni i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
