Nā ʻano plastik i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka hana ʻana o nā ʻāpana kaʻa a me kā lākou ʻano hana
ʻAʻole hilinaʻi hou ka ʻoihana kaʻa hou i ka metala ma ke ʻano he mea nui no nā ʻāpana āpau. Ua lilo nā plastics (polymers) i mau mea koʻikoʻi ma muli o ko lākou māmā, palupalu, kūpaʻa i ka palaho, a me ka hana nui kūpono. Kōkua ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā plastics i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ke kaumaha o ke kaʻa, e hopena ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wahie haʻahaʻa a i ʻole ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka laulā no nā kaʻa uila. Eia kekahi, hiki i nā plastics ke hoʻolālā i nā ʻāpana paʻakikī, ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā hana he nui i loko o hoʻokahi ʻāpana, a me nā hoʻonui ʻoluʻolu e like me ka haʻalulu a me ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka walaʻau.
Eia nā ʻano palakika i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka hana ʻana o nā ʻāpana kaʻa me nā ʻano hana i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā hale hana.
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1) Polypropylene (PP)
Nā ʻano nui: māmā, kūpaʻa i nā kemika, maʻalahi, haʻahaʻa ke kumukūʻai, maʻalahi ke hana.
Nā noi kaʻa: nā uhi bumper, nā mea hoʻonaninani o loko, nā panela puka, nā hale kānana ea, nā pale ma lalo o ke kino, a me nā ʻāpana paʻa/paʻa like ʻole. Hoʻololi pinepine ʻia ʻo PP i PP i piha i ka talc no ka ʻoi aku ka paʻa a me ke kūpaʻa o ka nui, a i ʻole i hui pū ʻia me nā elastomers e hoʻonui i ke kū'ē ʻana i ka hopena.
ʻAno hana:
– Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana o nā pellets PP: Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā pellets PP a laila hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kahi ʻōmole kaomi kiʻekiʻe. Kūpono no nā ʻāpana kikoʻī loa, paʻa-hoʻomanawanui e like me nā ʻoki, nā clips, a me nā hale.
– Thermoforming: Hoʻomehana ʻia nā pepa PP a palupalu a laila hoʻoponopono ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ʻōmole vacuum/press. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia ʻano hana no nā panela pale a i ʻole kekahi mau ʻāpana kūloko nui.
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2) ʻAcrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)
Nā ʻano nui: ʻoʻoleʻa, ʻili maikaʻi, maʻalahi e pena/hoʻopau, kūpaʻa maikaʻi i ka hopena.
Nā noi kaʻa: nā dashboards, nā mea hoʻonaninani o loko, nā uhi aniani no kekahi mau ʻāpana, nā grills ea, a me nā ʻāpana aesthetic.
ʻAno hana:
– Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana o ka ʻōmole: Hana pinepine ʻia ʻo ABS e ka ʻōmole no ka mea hiki iā ia ke hana i nā ʻili laumania a me nā kikoʻī hoʻolālā ʻoi.
– Ka pena ʻana/ka pena ʻana ma hope o ke kaʻina hana: ua hāʻawi ʻia nā ʻāpana ABS he nui i nā kaʻina hana hou aʻe e like me ka pena ʻana a i ʻole ka electroplating (e.g. chrome look) e hāʻawi iā lākou i kahi hiʻohiʻona premium.
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3) Nā hui Polycarbonate (PC) a me PC/ABS
Nā ʻano nui: He kiʻekiʻe ke kūpaʻa o ka PC a me ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi o ka dimensional; Hoʻohui ka PC/ABS i ka paʻakikī o PC a me ka maʻalahi o ka hana ʻana o ABS.
Nā noi kaʻa: nā aniani kukui poʻo, nā ʻāpana o loko e pono ai ka ikaika i hoʻonui ʻia, nā bezels, a me kekahi mau ʻāpana pou a i ʻole nā ʻāpana console.
ʻAno hana:
– Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana o ka inikini: no nā aniani a me nā ʻāpana kikoʻī. Pono pinepine nā aniani kukui PC i ka kaohi hana koʻikoʻi e pale aku i nā hemahema optical.
– Uhi paʻakikī: Uhi pinepine ʻia nā aniani PC me kahi ʻaʻahu paʻakikī e hoʻonui i ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ke kahakaha a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana o UV, ʻoiai he maʻalahi ke kahakaha ʻia ka PC maʻemaʻe i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke aniani.
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4) Polyamide (PA / Nylon, no ka laʻana PA6 a me PA66)
Nā ʻano koʻikoʻi: ikaika, kūpaʻa wela, kūpaʻa ʻaʻahu, a kūpono no nā ʻano mīkini. Eia nō naʻe, omo ka nylon i ka makū, no laila pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia nā loli dimensional i ka hoʻolālā. Hoʻoikaika pinepine ʻia ka Nylon me ka fiber aniani e hana i ka PA-GF e hoʻonui i ka paʻakikī a me ke kūpaʻa wela.
Nā noi kaʻa: ka manifold intake, ka uhi ʻenekini, ka pahu hopena radiator, ka hale thermostat, nā kia liʻiliʻi, nā mea hoʻohui, a me nā ʻāpana i loko o ka ʻāpana ʻenekini.
ʻAno hana:
– Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana o ka inikini: ke ʻano maʻamau loa, ʻoiai no ka nylon i hoʻoikaika ʻia me ka fiberglass. Pono kēia kaʻina hana i ka hoʻomaloʻo mua ʻana o ka mea no ka mea he hygroscopic ka nylon (hoʻopili i ka wai), a hiki i ka wai ke hana i nā hemahema.
- Overmolding: i kekahi manawa hui pū ʻia ka nylon me ka elastomer i loko o kahi kaʻina hana injection hoʻokahi-kahua e hana i kahi wahi sila i hoʻohui ʻia.
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5) Polyethylene (PE: HDPE/LDPE)
Nā ʻano nui: ke kūpaʻa kemika, ke kūpaʻa hopena, maʻalahi ke hana no nā ʻāpana hakahaka.
Nā noi kaʻa: nā pahu wai (nā waihona holoi), nā ducting maʻalahi, nā pale, a ma kekahi mau noi pahu kikoʻī.
ʻAno hana:
– Hoʻoheheʻe puhi: Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā pellets PE i loko o kahi parison (ʻōmole plastik wela), a laila puhi ʻia i loko o kahi ʻōmole a hiki i ka wā e pili ai i nā paia o ka ʻōmole, e hana ana i kahi ʻāpana hakahaka. He mea kūpono loa kēia no nā waihona wai a me nā pahu wai.
– Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana o ka wili (rotomolding): Hoʻomehana ʻia ka pauka PE i loko o kahi ʻōmole wili e hana i nā ʻāpana hakahaka, paia mānoanoa; lohi, akā kūpono no kekahi mau ʻano a me nā holo hana waena.
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6) Polyurethane (PU)
Nā ʻano nui: loli loa i ke ʻano; hiki ke lilo i huʻa palupalu, huʻa semi-rigid, a i ʻole elastomer paʻa. Loaʻa iā ia nā waiwai damping haʻalulu maikaʻi.
Nā noi kaʻa: huʻa noho, nā hoʻomaha poʻo, nā hoʻomaha lima, huʻa huila hoʻokele, nā mea hoʻokaʻawale NVH (walaʻau, haʻalulu, paʻakikī), a me kekahi mau sila a me nā bearings.
ʻAno hana:
– Ka hoʻohua ʻana (ka hopena kemika): Hana ʻia ka PU ma o ka hopena o ʻelua mau ʻāpana (polyol a me isocyanate) e hana i ka huʻa. Ninini ʻia a hoʻokomo ʻia paha ka hui ʻana i loko o kahi ʻōmole, kahi e hoʻonui ai a paʻakikī.
– RIM (Reaction Injection Molding): kahi hana hoʻokomo reactive e hana i nā ʻāpana me nā hoʻopau ʻili maikaʻi aʻe a me ka kaohi dimensional maʻemaʻe, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ma nā ʻāpana semi-rigid.
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7) Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Nā ʻano nui: hiki ke hana maʻalahi, kū i ke aniau, kūpono no ka uhi ʻana a me ka pale ʻana.
Nā noi kaʻa: nā uhi hao uea, nā uhi lalo, kekahi mau uhi o loko, a me nā ʻoki palupalu.
ʻAno hana:
– Hoʻopuka ʻia: Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka PVC a hoʻokuke ʻia ma o kahi make e hana i nā ʻaoʻao lōʻihi e like me ka uhi ʻana o ke kaula a i ʻole ke kāʻei.
– Ke kalena ʻana/lamination: e hana i nā pepa/ʻili i laila e laminated ʻia ma luna o kahi substrate (e.g. nā panela o loko).
Hoʻomaopopo: ua kaupalena ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana o PVC i kekahi manawa e nā noʻonoʻo kaiapuni a me kekahi mau lula, no laila ke huli nei kekahi mau mea hana i nā mea ʻē aʻe i kekahi mau noi.
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8) POM (Polyoxymethylene / Acetal)
Nā ʻano nui: haʻahaʻa ka haʻalulu, paʻa ke ana, ikaika, kūpono e like me ka "plastic ʻenekinia" no nā mīkini hoʻoneʻe.
Nā noi kaʻa: nā kia liʻiliʻi, nā mīkini laka, nā lima, kekahi mau ʻāpana ʻōnaehana kāʻei noho, a me nā ʻāpana e pono ai ka paheʻe.
ʻAno hana:
– Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana o ka inikini: hana i nā ʻāpana kikoʻī me nā ʻili laumania a me nā hoʻomanawanui paʻa. Koho pinepine ʻia ʻo POM e pani i ka metala i nā mīkini e koi ana i ka ʻaʻahu haʻahaʻa.
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9) PET a me PBT (Polyester ʻenekinia)
Nā ʻano nui: paʻa ke ana, kūpaʻa wela maikaʻi, nā waiwai uila maikaʻi (koʻikoʻi no nā mea hoʻohui). Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻo PBT no nā ʻāpana uila.
Nā noi kaʻa: nā mea hoʻohui uila, nā hale sensor, nā ʻāpana i nā wahi e pono ai ka insulation a me ke kūpaʻa wela.
ʻAno hana:
– Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana o ka inikini: maʻamau loa, pinepine me ka hoʻoikaika fiberglass no ka ikaika i hoʻohui ʻia. He mea nui ka kaohi ʻana i ka mahana o ke kaʻina hana no ka crystallization kūpono a me nā waiwai mechanical.
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Nā kaʻina hana hana nui o nā plastik kaʻa (hōʻuluʻulu ʻia)
Ma waho aʻe o ka wehewehe ʻana no kēlā me kēia mea, aia kekahi mau ʻano hana i lilo i iwi kuamoʻo o ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana plastik kaʻa:
1. Hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka inikini: wikiwiki loa a maʻamau no nā ʻano paʻakikī; kūpono no nā nui nui.
2. Hoʻoheheʻe puhi: ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no nā ʻāpana hakahaka e like me nā pahu a me nā waihona.
3. Hoʻopuka ʻana: no nā huahana lōʻihi e like me nā hose, nā ʻaoʻao ʻoki, a me nā uhi kaula.
4. Hoʻomoʻa ʻana i ka wela: ke hana ʻana i nā pepa palaki no nā panela nui.
5. RIM a me ka hoʻohua: no nā ʻāpana PU (huʻa noho, mea hoʻopūhoihoi).
6. Hoʻoheheʻe ʻana/hoʻokomo ʻana i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana: hoʻohui i ka palakiko me ka metala (hoʻokomo) a i ʻole me ka elastomer no ka sila/paʻa i hoʻokahi ʻāpana.
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Pani
ʻAʻole wale nā palakiko i nā noi kaʻa he mau mea pani metala ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, akā he mau mea i hana ʻia e hiki ai ke hoʻolālā māmā, mālie, pale i ka pala, a maʻalahi hoʻi e hoʻonui. Hoʻomalu ka PP i nā loko a me nā bumpers, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ABS a me PC/ABS no ka nani a me ka paʻakikī, hoʻomalu ka nylon i nā wahi mīkini, hilinaʻi ʻo PE no nā pahu hakahaka, ʻo PU ke kikowaena o ka hōʻoluʻolu o ka noho, ʻoiai ʻo POM, PBT, a me PET i koho nui ʻia no nā ʻāpana mechanical a me nā uila pololei.
Inā makemake ʻoe, hiki iaʻu ke hoʻopilikino i kēia ʻatikala i kāu mau pono haʻawina (e.g., e hoʻohui i kahi papa inoa, kiʻikuhi kahe hana, a i ʻole nā laʻana o nā ʻāpana kikoʻī no kēlā me kēia ʻāpana kaʻa: loko, waho, powertrain, a me ka uila).
