ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o Ferrous Metallurgy a me Non-Ferrous Metallurgy
ʻO ka metallurgy ka ʻepekema e aʻo ana i nā waiwai kino a me nā kemika o nā metala, a me kā lākou noi a me nā kaʻina hana. I loko o ka metallurgy, aia ʻelua mau subclassifications nui: ferrous metallurgy a me non-ferrous metallurgy. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia nā ʻano like ʻole, nā noi, a me nā kaʻina hana. Ma kēia ʻatikala, e ʻimi mākou i nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o ferrous metallurgy a me non-ferrous metallurgy.
Ka wehewehe ʻana o ka Ferrous a me ka Non-Ferrous Metallurgy
ʻOihana Metallurgy ʻEleʻele
ʻO ka metallurgy ʻeleʻele e pili ana i ka hana ʻana i nā metala i loaʻa ka hao ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana mua. ʻO kēia mau metala e komo pū ana me ka hao a me ke kila, ʻo ia ka hui nui loa o nā metala i hana ʻia a hoʻopau ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. He kuleana koʻikoʻi ke kila i loko o ke kaiāulu ʻoihana hou ma muli o kona ikaika kūikawā, ka lōʻihi, a me ka maʻalahi.
Metallurgy ʻAʻole Ferrous
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, pili ka metallurgy non-ferrous i ka hana ʻana i nā metala ʻaʻohe hao, a i ʻole he liʻiliʻi wale nō ka hao ma ke ʻano he haumia. ʻO kēia mau metala non-ferrous e komo pū me ka alumini, ke keleawe, ka tin, ka zinc, ka titanium, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ua ʻike ʻia kēia mau metala no ko lākou mau waiwai kūikawā e like me ke alakaʻi uila kiʻekiʻe (e like me ke keleawe), ke kūpaʻa i ka pala (e like me ka alumini), a me ke kaumaha kikoʻī haʻahaʻa (e like me ka titanium).
Nā ʻokoʻa ma nā ʻōlelo o nā waiwai kino a me nā kemika
Nā Waiwai Kino a me Kemika o ka Metallurgy ʻEleʻele
1. Ikaika a me ke kūpaʻa: Ua ʻike ʻia ka hao a me ke kila no ko lākou ikaika tensile kiʻekiʻe a me ke kū'ē ʻana i nā ukana mechanical.
2. Ke kaumaha kikoʻī: ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kaumaha kikoʻī o nā metala ʻeleʻele i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā metala non-ferrous e like me ka alumini a i ʻole ka titanium.
3. Conductivity: ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka conductivity uila a me ka thermal o nā metala ʻeleʻele e like me ke kila ma mua o nā metala non-ferrous e like me ke keleawe.
4. Ka pala: Hiki i ka hao a me ke kila ke ʻokiʻoki a popo paha inā ʻaʻole i hāʻawi ʻia iā lākou ka pale hou aʻe e like me ka uhi galvanized.
Nā Waiwai Kino a me nā Kemika o ka Metallurgy Non-Ferrous
1. Ka Hoʻokele Uila a me ka Wera: He nui nā metala non-ferrous e like me ke keleawe a me ka alumini he kiʻekiʻe ka hoʻokele uila a me ka wela.
2. Kaumaha Māmā: ʻO kekahi mau metala non-ferrous e like me ka alumini a me ka titanium he haʻahaʻa ko lākou umekaumaha kikoʻī, e kūpono ai lākou no nā noi e pono ai nā mea māmā akā ikaika.
3. Ke Kū'ē ʻana i ka ʻAi ʻino: ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o nā metala non-ferrous i ka ʻai ʻino ma mua o nā metala ferrous, e kūpono ai lākou no nā noi ma nā wahi ʻai ʻino.
4. Ductility a me ka Malleability: He nui nā metala non-ferrous, e like me ke gula a me ke kālā, he kiʻekiʻe ko lākou ductility a me ka malleability, e maʻalahi ai ke hoʻoponopono a hana.
Nā noi ma ke ao ʻoihana
Nā Noi Metallurgy ʻEleʻele
1. ʻOihana Kūkulu: Hoʻohana nui ʻia ke kila i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā hale, nā alahaka a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe ma muli o kona ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa.
2. Kaʻa: Hana pinepine ʻia nā mōlina a me nā ʻāpana kaʻa i ke kila ma muli o kona hiki ke kū i nā ukana mechanical.
3. ʻOihana Mīkini: Hoʻohana ʻia ka hao hao i ka hana ʻana i nā lako ʻoihana a me nā mīkini ma muli o kona mau waiwai mechanical hilinaʻi.
Nā noi Metallurgy ʻAʻole Ferrous
1. Nā mea uila: Hoʻohana ʻia ke keleawe i nā kaula a me nā ʻāpana uila ma muli o kona alakaʻi uila kiʻekiʻe.
2. Aerospace: Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka Titanium a me ka alumini i ka ʻoihana aerospace ma muli o ko lākou ikaika kiʻekiʻe i ka lakio kaumaha.
3. Kūkulu ʻana a me ka pale ʻana: Hoʻohana ʻia ka alumini i nā mea kūkulu hale a me nā mea pale ʻana ma muli o kona kūpaʻa i ka pala a me ka conductivity thermal maikaʻi.
4. Lāʻau lapaʻau: Hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau metala non-ferrous e like me ka titanium i nā implants lapaʻau ma muli o ko lākou biocompatibility.
Nā ʻenehana a me nā kaʻina hana hana
Hana ʻana i ka Metallurgy ʻEleʻele
ʻO ka hana ʻana o nā metala ʻeleʻele e like me ke kila e pili ana i nā kaʻina hana penei:
1. Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia: Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka hao hao i loko o ka umu pahū e wehe i nā mea haumia a hoʻololi ʻia i metala wai.
2. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana: A laila hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka metala maka ma o nā kaʻina hana e like me Bessemer a i ʻole Open Hearth e hana i ke kila kiʻekiʻe.
3. Hoʻokumu ʻana: Ninini ʻia ke kila hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o kahi ʻōmole a laila hoʻomau ʻia me ke kaʻina hana ʻōwili, forging, a extrusion paha e loaʻa ai ke ʻano i makemake ʻia.
Hana ʻana i ka Metallurgy ʻAʻole Ferrous
ʻO ka hana ʻana o nā metala non-ferrous e pili ana i nā kaʻina hana like ʻole ma muli o ke ʻano o ka metala:
1. Electrolysis: ʻO ka alumini, no ka laʻana, hana ʻia ma o ke kaʻina hana Hall-Héroult, kahi e hoʻemi ʻia ai ka alumina i alumini maʻemaʻe me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka electrolysis.
2. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe Wela: Hiki ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia nā metala ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole ferrous e like me ke keleawe ma o nā kaʻina hana flotation a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana.
3. Hoʻohuihui ʻia: Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia nā metala non-ferrous me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hana i nā mea hoʻohui me nā waiwai i makemake ʻia, e like me ka duralumin (kahi mea hoʻohui alumini no ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe).
Kumukūʻai a me ke kūpaʻa
Nā kumukūʻai Metallurgy ʻEleʻele
1. Ikehu nui: He hana nui ka hana kila, ʻoiai hoʻi i ka hana ʻana o ka umu pahū.
2. Nā Kumukūʻai Mea Maka: He ʻano haʻahaʻa a nui ka hao hao, akā ʻo kāna hana paʻakikī e hoʻohui i ke kumukūʻai.
3. Hoʻomau: Hoʻopuka ke kaʻina hana hao a me ke kila i nā hoʻokuʻu kalapona nui, e hoʻolilo ana i ka hoʻomau i mea nui.
Nā kumukūʻai Metallurgy ʻAʻole Ferrous
1. Nā Kaʻina Hana Kūikawā: ʻO nā kaʻina hana hana kikoʻī e like me ka electrolysis e hana i nā kumukūʻai mua kiʻekiʻe no nā metala non-ferrous.
2. Nā Mea Maka: ʻOi aku ke kumukūʻai o nā metala non-ferrous ma muli o ke kaʻina hana unuhi paʻakikī a me ka emi ʻana o nā kumuwaiwai.
3. Hoʻomau: Hiki ke hana hou ʻia nā metala non-ferrous he nui, ʻoiai ka alumini, me ka pono kiʻekiʻe, e ʻoi aku ka launa pū ʻana me ke kaiapuni.
Ka hopena
ʻO nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka metallurgy ferrous a me ka metallurgy non-ferrous e waiho ana i ko lākou ʻano kemika, nā waiwai kino, nā kaʻina hana, a me nā noi ʻoihana. ʻIke ʻia nā metala Ferrous e like me ka hao a me ke kila no ko lākou ikaika kūikawā a hoʻohana nui ʻia i ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka ʻoihana kaumaha. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hāʻawi nā metala non-ferrous e like me ka alumini a me ke keleawe i nā pono i ka conductivity a me ke kūpaʻa i ka corrosion, e lilo ia i mea kūpono no nā noi kikoʻī a me nā ʻenehana e like me nā mea uila a me ka ʻoihana aerospace. Ma ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia mau ʻokoʻa, hiki iā mākou ke koho i ke ʻano o ka metala e kūpono loa i nā pono o kahi noi kikoʻī, e noʻonoʻo ana i ke kumukūʻai a me nā mea hoʻomau o ke kaiapuni i ke kaʻina hana hoʻoholo.
