Nā ʻAno o nā Metala Pale i ka ʻAla a me kā lākou Hoʻohana
Pendahuluan
He mea hoʻohana nui ʻia ka metala ma nā ʻoihana like ʻole ma muli o kona ikaika a me kona kūpaʻa. Eia nō naʻe, he nui nā metala e hiki ke pala a ʻōpala paha ke hōʻike ʻia i ka ea a me ka makū. ʻO ka ʻōpala kahi huahana o ka oxidation e hiki ke hoʻonāwaliwali i ke ʻano o ka metala, e hōʻino ai a hāʻule. No laila, he mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā metala kū i ka ʻōpala. E kūkākūkā kēia ʻatikala i nā ʻano metala kū i ka ʻōpala a me kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana ma nā ʻano like ʻole.
Nā ʻAno o nā Metala Kuʻihao
1. Ke kila kila
ʻO ke kila kila kekahi o nā metala i ʻike nui ʻia a hoʻohana nui ʻia e pale aku i ka pala. He metala hao ia e loaʻa ana ma ka liʻiliʻi he 10,5% chromium, kahi e hāʻawi ai i ke kūʻē ʻana i ka oxidation a me ka pala. Aia kekahi mau ʻano kila kila, me ka austenitic, ferritic, martensitic, a me duplex, kēlā me kēia me nā hoʻohana kikoʻī e pili ana i kona mau waiwai mechanical.
Hoʻohana:
– ʻOihana Ola Kino: Hana pinepine ʻia nā mea hana ʻokiʻoki a me nā lako lapaʻau me ke kila kila ma muli o kona mau waiwai maʻemaʻe a me ke kūpaʻa i ka popo.
– ʻOihana Meaʻai a me Mea Inu: ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o nā lako kīhini, e like me nā pahi, nā pā, a me nā lako hana meaʻai i hana ʻia me ke kila kila, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana ʻaʻole i haumia nā huahana i ka ʻōpala.
– Ke Kūkulu ʻana a me ke Kuhikuhipuʻuone: Hoʻohana ka nui o nā hale hou a me nā alahaka i ke kila kila no ko lākou mau hale, mahalo i ka nani a me ke kūpaʻa o kēia mea.
2. Alumini
He metala māmā loa ka Aluminiuma a he kūpaʻa maikaʻi kona i ka pala. ʻOiai hiki i ka alumini ke popo, ʻo ka papa hopena o ka popo (aluminum oxide) he lahilahi loa ia a pale i nā papa o loko mai ka oxidation hou aʻe.
Hoʻohana:
– ʻOihana Mokulele: Hoʻohana ʻia ka alumini i ka hana mokulele ma muli o kona māmā a me ka hiki ke pale aku i ka pala.
– Ka halihali: Hoʻohana ka nui o nā ʻāpana kaʻa, me ke kino a me nā huila, i ka alumini.
– Ke kūkulu ʻana: Hoʻohana nā puka makani, nā puka, a me nā mōlina hale i ka alumini ma muli o kona kūpaʻa a me nā koi mālama haʻahaʻa.
3. Titanium
He metala ka Titanium i ʻike ʻia no kona ikaika kūikawā a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka pala. He kūpaʻa loa ka Titanium a me kāna mau mea hoʻohui i ka pala no ka mea hana lākou i kahi papa oxide paʻa ma ko lākou mau ʻili.
Hoʻohana:
– ʻOihana Ola Kino: ʻO nā mea hoʻokomo lāʻau lapaʻau, e like me nā pine a me nā papa iwi, hana pinepine ʻia mai ka titanium ma muli o kona biocompatibility a me ke kūʻē ʻana i ka corrosion.
– ʻOihana Aerospace: Hoʻohana ʻia ka Titanium no nā ʻāpana mokulele a me nā kaʻa lewa no ka mea he māmā, ikaika, a kūpaʻa i ka popo.
– ʻOihana Moana: Hoʻohana ʻia ka Titanium i nā lako luʻu a me nā hale wai ma muli o kona kūpaʻa ʻana i ka wai kai ʻino.
4. Keleawe a me kāna mau mea hoʻohuihui (keleawe a me ke keleawe)
He kūpaʻa maikaʻi ke keleawe i ka pala, ʻoiai mai ka wai. He hui keleawe a me ka zinc ke keleawe, ʻoiai he hui keleawe a me ka tin ke keleawe; he mau waiwai kūpaʻa ikaika ko lāua ʻelua i ka pala.
Hoʻohana:
– Uila: Hana pinepine ʻia nā uaea uila a me nā mea hoʻohui i ke keleawe ma muli o kona alakaʻi uila kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka pala.
– Kuhikuhipuʻuone: ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke keleawe a me ke keleawe i loko o ka hoʻonaninani o loko a me waho o nā hale e hāʻawi i nā aesthetics nani a me ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi.
– Paipu a me ka Hoʻomaʻemaʻe: Hoʻohana ka nui o nā paipu a me nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ke keleawe a me ke keleawe no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou e popo maʻalahi a kūpaʻa i ka wai.
5. Nā Nickel a me nā Nickel Alloys
He metala kūpaʻa i ka pala ka nikala a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i loko o nā hui hao e pono ai ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe i nā mahana koʻikoʻi a me ka pala. ʻO Inconel, Monel, a me nā hui hao nikala ʻē aʻe he mau laʻana o nā hui hao e kūpaʻa loa i nā ʻano kaiapuni pala like ʻole.
Hoʻohana:
– ʻOihana Kemika: Hana pinepine ʻia nā pahu mālama a me nā paipu e lawe ana i nā kemika ʻino me nā hui nickel.
– ʻOihana Petrochemical: Hoʻohana i ka ʻeli ʻaila a me ka hana kinoea e kū i nā kūlana kaiapuni koʻikoʻi.
– ʻOihana Aerospace: Hoʻohana nā ʻāpana mīkini jet a me ka rocket i nā mea hui nickel ma muli o ko lākou kūpaʻa ʻana i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe a me ka pala.
Ka hopena
He kuleana koʻikoʻi ko nā metala kū i ka palaho i ka mālama ʻana i ka hilinaʻi, ka pono, a me ka maʻemaʻe ma nā ʻano ʻoihana like ʻole. Hāʻawi nā kila kila ʻole, alumini, titanium, keleawe, keleawe, keleawe, a me nā mea hoʻohui nickel i ke kūpaʻa ʻole i ka palaho. ʻO ke koho ʻana i ka metala kūpono e pili ana i nā pono kikoʻī a me nā wahi hana hiki ke hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola o ka huahana a hōʻemi i nā kumukūʻai mālama.
Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻano kila kila nā ikaika a me nā nāwaliwali kū hoʻokahi, e kūpono ai no nā noi kikoʻī. Ke hoʻomau nei ka hana hou i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea me ka pale ʻana i ka pala, e wehe ana i nā manawa hou no nā ʻano noi ʻoihana like ʻole a me nā ʻenehana e hiki mai ana. He mea nui ka hoʻomaopopo piha ʻana i kēia mau waiwai no nā ʻenekinia, nā mea kākau hale, a me nā poʻe loea ʻē aʻe e koho i nā mea kūpono no ka hoʻolālā a me ka hana ʻana.
