ʻOkoʻa ma waena o ka ululāʻau Tropical a me ka ululāʻau Subtropical
ʻO nā ululāʻau kekahi o nā ʻōnaehana olaola paʻakikī a huahua loa ma ko kākou honua. Ma keʻano laulā, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ululāʻau i kekahi mau ʻano ma muli o ko lākou wahi honua a me nā kūlana aniau. ʻO nā ʻano ʻelua i ʻike nui ʻia, ʻo ia nā ululāʻau tropical a me nā ululāʻau subtropical. ʻOiai he biodiverse nui nā mea ʻelua, aia nā ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o lākou. E wehewehe kēia ʻatikala i nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā ululāʻau tropical a me subtropical ma ka wehewehe ʻana i ko lākou wahi honua, ke aniau, ka biodiversity , ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā mea kanu, a me nā hoʻoweliweli a me ka mālama ʻana.
Wahi Kūlohelohe
Aia nā ululāʻau wela ma ka ʻāina a puni ka equator, ma waena o nā latitudes 23,5° ʻĀkau a me 23,5° Hema. Hiki ke loaʻa kēia mau ululāʻau ma ʻAmelika Hema (e.g., ka Amazon Rainforest), ʻApelika Waena (e.g., ka Congo Rainforest), ʻĀsia Hikina Hema (e.g., nā Rainforest o Borneo a me Sumatra), a me nā ʻāpana o Australia a me Oceania.
I kēia manawa, aia nā ululāʻau subtropical ma waho o nā latitudes tropical akā kokoke nō naʻe i ka equator, ma waena o 23,5° a me 35° ma nā hemispheres ʻelua. ʻO nā laʻana e komo pū me nā ululāʻau o ka hema o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ka hapa nui o Kina, Iapana, nā ʻāpana o India, a me ke Kaiwaenahonua.
Ke aniau
ʻO ke aniau ke kumu nui e hoʻokaʻawale ai i nā ululāʻau wela a me nā ululāʻau subtropical. Loaʻa i nā ululāʻau wela kahi aniau mahana i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa, me ka awelika o ka mahana mai 25-30°C a me ka ua nui mau, ʻoi aku ma mua o 2.000 mm i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻAʻohe kau hoʻoilo koʻikoʻi ma nā ululāʻau wela, a loaʻa pinepine ka ua i kēlā me kēia mahina o ka makahiki.
I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ʻike nā ululāʻau subtropical i nā kau loli. ʻOiai hiki ke kiʻekiʻe ka mahana o ke kauwela, ʻoi aku ka mālie o ka hoʻoilo, me ka hāʻule ʻana o ka mahana i 10°C a i ʻole ka haʻahaʻa. ʻOi aku ka loli o ka ua ma nā ululāʻau subtropical ma mua o nā ululāʻau tropical, me kekahi mau wahi e ʻike nei i kahi kau maloʻo lōʻihi. ʻO ka huina o ka ua makahiki ma nā ululāʻau subtropical mai 1.000-2.000 mm, akā ʻokoʻa kona hoʻolaha ma waena o nā kau pulu a me nā kau maloʻo.
Ua ʻike ʻia nā ululāʻau wela ʻo ia nā ʻōnaehana olaola me ka nui o nā meaola like ʻole ma ka honua. He home lākou no nā miliona o nā ʻano mea kanu, nā holoholona, a me nā microorganism. Ma ka Amazon, no ka laʻana, aia kahi 16.000 mau ʻano lāʻau. Ua like kēia me ka ʻoi aku ma mua o ka hapakolu o nā ʻano lāʻau āpau ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Eia kekahi, he home nā ululāʻau wela no nā ʻano ʻōiwi a me nā mea i hoʻopau ʻia, e like me nā orangutans ma Borneo a me Sumatra, nā tigers Bengal, nā jaguars ma ʻAmelika Hema, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻoiai he waiwai nui i nā ʻano like ʻole o nā ululāʻau subtropical, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ululāʻau tropical. He ʻano liʻiliʻi ko lākou ʻano. Eia nō naʻe, he mea nui nā ululāʻau subtropical no nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā ʻano endemic. No ka laʻana, nā panda nunui ma nā ululāʻau ʻohe subtropical o Kina a me kekahi mau ʻano lemur ma nā ululāʻau subtropical o Madagascar. He ʻano like ʻole nā mea kanu ma nā ululāʻau subtropical akā ʻaʻole paʻakikī ma mua o nā ululāʻau tropical, nona nā mea kanu mānoanoa a multi-layer.
ʻAno o nā mea kanu
He ʻano paʻakikī loa a he nui nā papa o nā ululāʻau wela. Aia kēia mau papa i kahi uhi luna (nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe), kahi papa waena (nā lāʻau waena), kahi papahele lalo (nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi a me nā mea kanu), a me kahi papahele ululāʻau i uhi ʻia me nā lau deciduous a me nā ʻano mea kanu liʻiliʻi like ʻole. He mea maʻamau nō hoʻi nā epiphytes, parasites, a me nā lianas, e hoʻohana ana i nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe ma ke ʻano he kākoʻo.
I loko o nā ululāʻau subtropical, noho papa ka ʻano o nā mea kanu, akā ʻaʻole paʻakikī ma mua o nā ululāʻau tropical. Maanei, aia nā ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi ma waena o nā kau pulu a me nā kau maloʻo, e hoʻopilikia ana i ka hapa nui o nā mea kanu. Hōʻike pinepine nā mea kanu i nā ululāʻau subtropical i nā hoʻololi i nā kūlana maloʻo, e like me nā lau liʻiliʻi a mānoanoa e hōʻemi i ka mahu a i ʻole nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka hoʻololi xerophytic.
Nā Hoʻoweliweli a me ka Mālama ʻana
Ke kū nei nā ululāʻau wela a me nā ululāʻau subtropical i nā hoʻoweliweli koʻikoʻi, i hana pinepine ʻia e ka hana a ke kanaka. ʻO ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka ululāʻau ka hoʻoweliweli nui i nā ʻano ululāʻau ʻelua. ʻO ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka ululāʻau no ka mahiʻai, nā mahi kanu (e like me nā mahi pāma ʻaila ma Indonesia a me Malaysia), ka hana ʻeli ʻana, a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā pono hana e alakaʻi ai i ka nalowale nui o ka nohona.
Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi o nā hopena o ka luku ʻāina ma nā ululāʻau wela ma muli o ko lākou ʻano like ʻole a me ke kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke aniau honua. Ke huki nei hoʻi nā ululāʻau wela i ka nānā nui ʻana o ka honua i nā hana mālama ma muli o ko lākou koʻikoʻi i ka mālama ʻana i nā māmā o ka honua a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka loli o ke aniau. Ke hana ʻia nei nā hana mālama like ʻole, mai ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā wahi i pale ʻia a me nā papahana hoʻoulu hou ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o ka honua i ka hakakā ʻana i ka luku ʻia ʻana o ka ululāʻau.
Ke kū nei nā ululāʻau subtropical i nā hoʻoweliweli like, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka kūloko o nā papahana mālama ma kēia mau wahi a ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka nānā honua ma mua o nā mea no nā ululāʻau tropical. ʻO nā ʻano invasive , ka loli o ka hoʻohana ʻāina, a me ka loli o ke aniau kekahi o nā hoʻoweliweli koʻikoʻi e kū nei i nā ululāʻau subtropical. Hoʻokomo pinepine nā papahana mālama i nā kaiāulu kūloko i ka pale ʻana i ko lākou mau ululāʻau ma o ka hoʻonaʻauao a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā mea hoʻoikaika waiwai no nā hana hoʻomau.
Ka hopena
Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, ʻoiai he nui nā ʻano like ʻole o nā ululāʻau wela a me nā ululāʻau subtropical, he ʻokoʻa ko lākou. Aia nā ululāʻau wela ma kahi kokoke i ka equator me nā aniau mahana a me ka ua nui i ka makahiki, ʻoiai aia nā ululāʻau subtropical ma nā latitudes kiʻekiʻe iki me ka ʻokoʻa o ke kau. He nui ka biodiversity o nā ululāʻau wela me nā ʻano mea kanu paʻakikī, ʻoiai he nui nā ululāʻau subtropical, ʻoiai ko lākou ʻano like ʻole, he mea nui ia ma ka ʻāina.
Ke kū nei nā ʻano ululāʻau ʻelua i nā hoʻoweliweli like ʻole, ʻo ia hoʻi mai nā hana a kānaka. He mea nui nā hana mālama no ka mālama ʻana i ke kaulike o ka ʻōnaehana ola a me ka biodiversity. Manaʻolana ʻia me ka ʻike a me ka laulima honua, hiki ke palekana ʻia ke ola mau ʻana o nā ululāʻau tropical a me subtropical no nā hanauna e hiki mai ana.
Me kēia wehewehe ʻana, ke manaʻolana ʻia nei e hiki i ka poʻe heluhelu ke hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi i nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā ululāʻau tropical a me nā subtropical a me ke koʻikoʻi o ka mālama ʻana i kēia mau ʻōnaehana ola koʻikoʻi ʻelua.
