# Nā Maʻi Maʻamau i nā Mea Kanu ʻŌkika
Ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻokika ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea kanu hoʻonaninani kaulana loa me nā pua nani a hoʻohiwahiwa. ʻO ko lākou nani ka mea e kaulana ai nā ʻokika i waena o ka poʻe makemake i nā mea kanu hoʻonaninani. Eia naʻe, e like me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe, hiki i nā ʻokika ke loaʻa i nā maʻi like ʻole e hiki ke hōʻino i ko lākou nani a hoʻoweliweli paha i ko lākou ola. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā maʻi ʻokika maʻamau a pehea e mālama ai iā lākou he mea nui ia i ka mālama ʻana i kēia mau mea kanu. E kūkākūkā kēia ʻatikala i nā maʻi like ʻole e hoʻopilikia pinepine ai i nā ʻokika a pehea e pale aku ai a mālama iā lākou.
## 1. Maʻi Pala Aʻa
Kumu:
ʻO ka pala o ke aʻa i loko o nā ʻokika ka mea maʻamau i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā ʻano fungi like ʻole, e like me Phytophthora, Pythium, a me Rhizoctonia. Hoʻomaka pinepine kēia maʻi ma muli o ke ʻano o ka lepo pulu nui, ka wai maikaʻi ʻole, a me ke kahe maikaʻi ʻole o ka ea.
Hōʻailona:
ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka pala o ke aʻa i loko o nā ʻokika e komo pū me nā aʻa ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha, nā aʻa palupalu a palahēhē paha, a me ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu. Hiki i nā lau ʻokika ke melemele a hāʻule inā ua laha ka maʻi.
Kāohi a me ka Lāʻau:
I mea e pale aku ai i ka pala o ke aʻa, e hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻokahe ʻana o ka wai i loko o ka mea kanu a pale i ka wai nui. He mea nui ka hoʻoinu wai kūpono, akā ʻaʻole nui. Inā ua loaʻa mua ka maʻi i ka mea kanu, e ʻoki i nā aʻa pala me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mea hana sterile a mālama me kahi fungicide kūpono ma mua o ke kanu ʻana i kahi mea kanu hou.
## 2. Maʻi Lau (ʻŌpū Lau)
Kumu:
ʻO ka maʻi ʻōhū lau ka mea maʻamau i hoʻoulu ʻia e nā bacteria a me nā fungi e like me Colletotrichum, Cercospora, a me Pseudomonas. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka makū a me ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka ea ke kumu nui o kēia maʻi.
Hōʻailona:
E hōʻike ana nā lau i hoʻopilikia ʻia e kēia maʻi i nā hōʻailona o nā kiko melemele liʻiliʻi, ʻeleʻele, a ʻeleʻele paha. Hiki i kēia mau kiko ke hui pū a lilo i mea nui aʻe i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, e hoʻolilo ana i ka lau i melemele holoʻokoʻa.
Kāohi a me ka Lāʻau:
I mea e pale aku ai i ka ʻōpala lau, e hōʻoia i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ea maikaʻi i kāu mau ʻokika a pale i ka hoʻoinu nui ʻana. I ka hoʻoinu ʻana, e pale i ka pili pololei ʻana me nā lau. Inā loaʻa ka maʻi i ka mea kanu, e ʻokiʻoki i nā lau i hoʻopilikia ʻia a hoʻopili pono i ka fungicide.
## 3. Maʻi Pala ʻEleʻele
Kumu:
ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻokumu ʻia ka pala ʻeleʻele e nā fungi ʻo Pythium ultimum a me Phytophthora cactorum. Hoʻomohala pinepine ʻia kēia maʻi i nā kūlana pulu loa a me ke aniau wela.
Hōʻailona:
ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka pala ʻeleʻele e komo pū ana me ke ʻano o nā wahi ʻeleʻele ma ke aʻa, nā kumu, a i ʻole nā lau o ka orchid. E ʻike ʻia nā wahi i loaʻa i ka maʻi he palupalu a palahēhē, a e laha koke lākou inā ʻaʻole i mālama koke ʻia.
Kāohi a me ka Lāʻau:
I mea e pale aku ai i ka pala ʻeleʻele, e mālama i kahi kaulike o ka makū i loko o ka mea kanu ma ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka hoʻokahe maikaʻi ʻana o ka wai. E pale i ka hoʻoinu nui ʻana a e hōʻoia i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lā kūpono i ka mea kanu. Inā loaʻa ka maʻi, e ʻoki pono i ka wahi i hoʻopilikia ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mea hana sterile a hoʻopili pono i ka fungicide.
## 4. Maʻi ʻAnthracnose
Kumu:
ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻokumu ʻia ka Anthracnose e nā fungi o ka genus Colletotrichum. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka makū, ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka ea, a me nā mahana mahana nā kūlana e kākoʻo ai i ka ulu ʻana o kēia maʻi.
Hōʻailona:
ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka anthracnose e komo pū me ke ʻano o nā kiko liʻiliʻi ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha ma nā lau a me nā pua orchid. ʻO ka maʻamau, he mau lihi melemele ko kēia mau kiko a hiki ke pālahalaha a hui pū.
Kāohi a me ka Lāʻau:
I mea e pale aku ai i ka anthracnose, e hōʻoia i ka holo maikaʻi o ka ea a pale i ka nui o ka makū ma luna o ka mea kanu. Pono e hana pono i ka hoʻoinu ʻana i ka wai e pale aku i ka pili ʻana o ka wai me nā lau a me nā pua. Inā loaʻa ka maʻi i ka mea kanu, e ʻoki i nā ʻāpana i hoʻopilikia ʻia a hoʻopili i ka fungicide e kāohi i ka laha ʻana o ka fungus.
## 5. Nā maʻi viral
Kumu:
ʻO nā maʻi i hoʻopilikia pinepine i nā ʻokika e komo pū ana me Odontoglossum Ring Virus (ORSV) a me Cymbidium Mosaic Virus (CymMV). Hoʻoili pinepine ʻia kēia mau maʻi mai kekahi mea kanu a i kekahi mea kanu e nā lako mahiʻai i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻole ʻia a i ʻole nā pepeke omo.
Hōʻailona:
ʻO nā hōʻailona o nā maʻi viral i nā ʻokika e komo pū me ke ʻano o nā hiʻohiʻona mosaic a i ʻole nā kiko ma nā lau, ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā pua, ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu, a me ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā ʻāpana i loaʻa i ka maʻi.
Kāohi a me ka Lāʻau:
ʻO ke pale mua ʻana i nā maʻi viral ka mālama ʻana i kahi ʻano maʻemaʻe no nā mea kanu a me ka hōʻoia ʻana he maʻemaʻe mau nā mea hana māla. E pale i ke kūʻai ʻana i nā mea kanu mai nā kumu hilinaʻi ʻole. ʻO nā mea kanu i loaʻa i nā virus, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻōla ʻia a pono e luku koke ʻia e pale aku i ka laha ʻana.
## 6. Maʻi ʻo Fusarium Wilt
Kumu:
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka mae ʻana o ka fusarium e ka fungus Fusarium oxysporum. Hiki i kēia maʻi ke laha ma o nā mea kanu i haumia ʻia a hoʻonui pinepine ʻia e nā kūlana haumū a me ka wela.
Hōʻailona:
ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka mae ʻana o Fusarium e komo pū me ka mae ʻana o nā lau mai lalo a luna, ka melemele a i ʻole ka ʻeleʻele ʻana o nā lau, a me ke ʻano o nā wahi palupalu a pahee ma nā lau a me nā kumu. Hiki i nā aʻa ke hōʻike i nā hōʻailona o ka pala.
Kāohi a me ka Lāʻau:
I mea e pale aku ai i ka mae ʻana o Fusarium, e hōʻoia e hoʻohana ʻoe i nā mea kanu sterile a mālama i nā pae makū kūpono. Inā hōʻike ka mea kanu i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi, e ʻoki koke i nā ʻāpana i loaʻa i ka maʻi a hoʻopili i ka fungicide. E hoʻololi i nā mea kanu a e hōʻoia i ka maʻemaʻe mau o nā mea hana māla.
## Hopena
ʻAʻole he hana maʻalahi ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻokikena olakino a nani hoʻi, akā me ka hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi ʻana i nā maʻi maʻamau e hoʻopilikia nei i kēia mau mea kanu, hiki iā mākou ke hana i nā hana pale kūpono a mālama iā lākou. ʻO ka hoʻoinu wai kūpono, ka holo maikaʻi ʻana o ka ea, a me kahi ʻano maʻemaʻe a me nā mea hana māla nā mea nui i ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻokikena olakino. Mai kānalua e kūkākūkā me kahi loea mea kanu a hoʻohana paha i nā kumuwaiwai i loaʻa e hōʻoia i ka hoʻomau ʻana o kāu mau ʻokikena i ka ulu a nani i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa.
