ʻOkoʻa ma waena o nā Pōhaku Igneous Intrusive a me Extrusive
ʻO nā pōhaku Igneous kahi ʻano pōhaku i hoʻokumu ʻia mai ka hoʻomaʻalili ʻana a me ka crystallization o ka magma a i ʻole ka pele. Ua māhele ʻia kēia mau pōhaku i ʻelua mau māhele nui ma muli o kahi e hoʻomaʻalili ai lākou: nā pōhaku igneous intrusive a me nā pōhaku igneous extrusive. Loaʻa i nā mea ʻelua nā ʻano like ʻole, nā kaʻina hana hoʻokumu , a me ke ʻano. E nānā pono kēia ʻatikala i nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā pōhaku igneous intrusive a me extrusive e hāʻawi i kahi ʻike piha o ko lākou mau waiwai a me nā ʻano.
Nā Pōhaku Igneous Komo
Ka Wehewehena a me ke Kūkulu ʻana
Nā pōhaku igneous komo, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi he pōhaku plutonic, i hana ʻia mai ka hoʻomaʻalili ʻana o ka magma i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka ʻili o ka honuaMa muli o ka lohi o ke kaʻina hoʻomaʻalili, ua lawa ka manawa o nā kristal mineral i loko o kēia pōhaku e ulu ai. Komo kēia magma i loko o nā māwae a i ʻole nā wahi nāwaliwali i loko o ka ʻili o ka Honua a paʻa i laila.
Nā Laʻana o nā Pōhaku Komo
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o nā pōhaku igneous intrusive e komo pū ana me ka granite, diorite, a me ka gabbro. ʻO Granite kekahi o nā pōhaku i kamaʻāina loa i kēia māhele. ʻO ka Granite maʻamau i hana ʻia me ka quartz, feldspar, a me ka mica, a ua kaulana ʻia no kona mau ʻano nui a paʻakikī.
ʻAno a me ke ʻano
Ma muli o ke kaʻina hana crystallization lohi, he ʻano phaneritic ko nā pōhaku intrusive, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua lawa ka nui o nā kristal e ʻike ʻia me ka maka ʻōlohelohe. ʻOi aku ka paʻa a me ka paʻakikī o ke ʻano o kēia mau pōhaku ma muli o ka lōʻihi o ka manawa i hana ʻia ai lākou. ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka pilina mineral ka mea ikaika.
Kahi ʻĀina
Loaʻa pinepine nā pōhaku komo ma lalo o ka ʻili o ka Honua ma nā hohonu nui, a piʻi aʻe i luna ma o nā kaʻina hana tectonic a me ka ʻino ʻana. ʻO nā mauna a me nā wahi o ka hana geological kiʻekiʻe nā wahi maʻamau no nā pōhaku igneous komo.
Nā Pōhaku Igneous Extrusive
Ka Wehewehena a me ke Kūkulu ʻana
Nā pōhaku igneous extrusive, a i ʻole nā pōhaku pele, i hana ʻia mai ka hoʻomaʻalili ʻana o ka pele e hiki ana i ka ʻili o ka Honua. ʻAʻole e like me nā pōhaku komo, hoʻomaʻalili koke ka pele, no laila ʻo nā kristal i hana ʻia he liʻiliʻi a aniani paha.
Nā Laʻana o nā Pōhaku Extrusive
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o nā pōhaku igneous extrusive e komo pū ana me ka basalt, andesite, a me ka rhyolite. ʻO Basalt ka pōhaku pele maʻamau a he ʻeleʻele a hina hina paha. ʻOi aku ka māmā o ke kala o Andesite a me ka rhyolite a he nui ka waiwai o ka silica.
ʻAno a me ke ʻano
Loaʻa pinepine i nā pōhaku extrusive kahi ʻano aphanitic, ʻo ia hoʻi he liʻiliʻi loa nā kristal a paʻakikī ke ʻike me ka ʻole o kahi microscope. Hiki i kekahi mau pōhaku extrusive ke loaʻa kahi ʻano aniani a vitreous paha, e like me ka obsidian. ʻO kekahi ʻano maʻamau he vesicular, kahi i loaʻa ai nā pores i ka pōhaku i hana ʻia mai nā kinoea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka wā e hoʻomaʻalili ai ka pele.
Kahi ʻĀina
Loaʻa nā pōhaku extrusive a puni nā wahi pele ola a i ʻole nā wahi pele mua, e like me nā pali o nā lua pele a i ʻole nā pāpū pele. Ma muli o ko lākou kūkulu ʻia ʻana ma luna o ka ʻili, loaʻa pinepine kēia mau pōhaku i nā papa a i ʻole nā kahe pele paʻakikī.
Nā ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi ma waena o nā pōhaku Igneous Intrusive a me Extrusive
Kahi Hoʻokumu
ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o nā pōhaku igneous intrusive a me extrusive aia i ko lākou wahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ai. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā pōhaku intrusive ma lalo o ka ʻili o ka Honua, ʻoiai ʻo nā pōhaku extrusive e hana ʻia ma luna a kokoke paha o ka ʻili o ka Honua.
Kaʻina Hoʻoluʻolu
ʻO ke kaʻina hoʻomaʻalili lohi o ka magma i loko o nā pōhaku komo e ʻae ai i ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o nā kristal nui, ʻoiai ʻo ka hoʻomaʻalili wikiwiki ʻana o ka pele i loko o nā pōhaku extrusive e hana i nā kristal liʻiliʻi a i ʻole e hana i kahi ʻano aniani.
ʻAno kikokikona
He ʻano phaneritic ko nā pōhaku intrusive me nā kristal nui a ʻike ʻia, ʻoiai ʻo nā pōhaku extrusive he ʻano aphanitic me nā kristal liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ke ʻano aniani. Hiki i kekahi mau pōhaku extrusive ke loaʻa kahi ʻano vesicular ma muli o ke kinoea i paʻa.
Ka nui o ka mineral a me ke kala
Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ka nui o nā minerala a me ke kala o ka pōhaku ma waena o nā pōhaku intrusive a me extrusive ʻoiai he ka hoʻohuihui kemika Eia kekahi laʻana, ʻo ka granite, he pōhaku intrusive, a me ka rhyolite, he pōhaku extrusive, he kiʻekiʻe ka nui o ka silica i loaʻa i nā mea ʻelua, akā ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka granite ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka rhyolite.
Hoʻohana
Hoʻohana ʻia nā pōhaku komo he nui i loko ʻoihana kūkulu hale ma muli o kona ikaika a me ke kūpaʻa. ʻO ka Granite, no ka laʻana, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e hana i nā kiʻi, nā hale, a me nā alanui. Hoʻohana ʻia nā pōhaku extrusive e like me ka basalt ma ke ʻano he aggregate i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā alanui a ma ke ʻano he mau mea kūkulu hale ma ke ʻano o nā piliki a i ʻole nā papa.
Ka Hopena ma ke Kaiapuni
Hoʻopili pinepine ʻia nā pōhaku extrusive me hana pele hiki ke loaʻa ka hopena koʻikoʻi i ke kaiapuni, e like me nā pele pele e hoʻokuʻu ana i ka pele, ke kinoea, a me ka lehu pele. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ʻo ka hana e hana ana i nā pōhaku komo ʻole e ʻike pinepine ʻole ʻia ma ka ʻili a he hopena lōʻihi kona ma o nā kaʻina hana honua e like me ka ʻino ʻana a me ka piʻi ʻana.
Ka hopena
I ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā pōhaku igneous, he mea nui e ʻike i nā ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi ma waena o nā pōhaku intrusive a me nā pōhaku extrusive. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā pōhaku intrusive mai ka hoʻomaʻalili ʻana o ka magma ma lalo o ka ʻili o ka Honua a he mau kristal nui me kahi ʻano coarse, ʻoiai ʻo nā pōhaku extrusive e hana ʻia mai ka hoʻomaʻalili ʻana o ka pele ma ka ʻili o ka Honua a he mau kristal liʻiliʻi a i ʻole kahi ʻano aniani. He kuleana koʻikoʻi nā ʻano pōhaku ʻelua i ke kaʻapuni pōhaku a hāʻawi i nā ʻike waiwai nui i nā kaʻina hana geological e hana nei i loko a ma ka ʻili o ka Honua. Ma o kahi noiʻi piha ʻana o nā mea ʻelua, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi i ka dinamika o ka Honua a me nā kaʻina hana e hoʻopili ai i kona ʻili.
