Yadda Ake Yin Karfe Mai Alloy Bakin Karfe
Bakin ƙarfe, ko kuma wanda aka fi sani da "bakin ƙarfe," abu ne da ake amfani da shi a masana'antu da aikace-aikace daban-daban, tun daga kayan yanka har zuwa ginin manyan gine-gine. Babban fa'idodin bakin ƙarfe shine juriyarsa ga tsatsa da kuma juriya mai yawa. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu rufe cikakkun matakai a cikin tsarin ƙera bakin ƙarfe, daga kayan aiki zuwa kayayyakin da aka gama.
1. Zaɓin Kayan Danye
1.1. Imani
Babban sinadarin da ake amfani da shi wajen samar da bakin karfe shine ma'adinin ƙarfe. Ana fitar da wannan ma'adinin ƙarfe daga ma'adanai, galibi a cikin nau'in hematite ko magnetite. Sannan ma'adinin yana yin ayyuka daban-daban na tacewa don ƙara yawan ƙarfen da ke cikinsa.
1.2. Chromium
Chromium wani muhimmin sinadari ne a cikin bakin karfe, wanda ya ƙunshi akalla kashi 10.5% na jimlar sinadaran. Chromium yana ba wa wannan ƙarfen sinadari masu jure tsatsa. Ana samun Chromium daga ma'adanai kamar chromite.
1.3. Nickel
Sau da yawa ana ƙara nickel don ƙara ƙarfin laushi da juriya ga iskar shaka a yanayin zafi mai yawa. Ana samun nickel yawanci daga tushe kamar laterite da nickel sulfide.
1.4. Ƙarin Kayayyaki
Sauran abubuwan da ake ƙarawa a cikin bakin ƙarfe sune molybdenum, manganese, silicon, nitrogen, da carbon. Kowanne daga cikin waɗannan abubuwan yana ba da takamaiman fasaloli kamar ƙarfin injina ko juriya ga lalacewa.
2. Tsarin Narkewa
2.1. Samar da Bakin Alade
Mataki na farko na narkar da ƙarfe shine samar da ƙarfen alade. Ana ciyar da kayan da aka yi amfani da su a cikin tanderu mai fashewa sannan a narke a yanayin zafi mai tsanani. Wannan tsari yana raba ƙarfen da sauran kayan da ba a yi amfani da su ba. Sakamakon samfurin shine ƙarfen alade, wanda ya ƙunshi carbon, silicon, sulfur, da phosphorus.
2.2. Decarburization
Mataki na gaba shine rage yawan sinadarin carbon da ke cikin ƙarfen alade ta hanyar wani tsari da ake kira decarburization. Wannan yawanci ana yin sa ne a cikin na'urar canza iskar oxygen ko kuma tanderun lantarki (EAF). A cikin hanyar EAF, ana amfani da na'urorin lantarki na graphite don samar da yanayin zafi mai yawa, wanda ke ba da damar decarburization.
2.3. Yin amfani da ƙarfe
Bayan an rage yawan sinadarin carbon, ana ƙara kayan haɗa ƙarfe kamar su chromium, nickel, molybdenum, da sauransu a cikin narkewar. Wannan tsarin ƙarawa yana buƙatar kulawa da daidaito sosai, domin abubuwan da ba daidai ba na iya lalata halayen ƙarfe na ƙarshe.
3. Dorewa da Gwaji
3.1. Haɗaka
Bayan an ƙara kayan haɗa ƙarfe, dole ne a haɗa ƙarfen da aka narkar, yawanci a cikin tanda mai amfani da wutar lantarki don tabbatar da cewa dukkan abubuwan haɗa ƙarfen sun bazu ko'ina cikin ƙarfen da aka narkar.
3.2. Yin jifa
Mataki na gaba shine jefa ƙarfen da aka narke a cikin wani abu don samar da billet, fure, ko slab. Ana iya aiwatar da wannan tsari ta amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban, kamar jefa ƙarfe, jefa yashi, ko kuma jefa ƙarfe akai-akai.
3.3. Gwaji Mai Inganci
Bayan an yi amfani da ƙarfen, dole ne a yi amfani da hanyoyin gwaji daban-daban na inganci, kamar gwajin tauri, gwajin tauri, gwajin tasiri, da kuma nazarin sinadarai. Manufar ita ce a tabbatar da cewa ƙarfen da ke bakin ƙarfe yana da daidaiton abun da ke ciki da kuma halayen injiniya da ake so.
4. Tsarin Aiki Mai Ci Gaba
4.1. Zafafan Mirgina
Billets, furanni, ko faranti da tsarin simintin ya samar yawanci suna da girma da kauri da ba za a iya amfani da su kai tsaye ba, don haka suna buƙatar ƙarin sarrafawa ta hanyar birgima mai zafi. A wannan matakin, ana sake dumama ƙarfen kuma a naɗe shi zuwa siraran takardu, sanduna, ko siffofi.
4.2. Yin kira
Bayan an yi birgima mai zafi, ƙarfen yana fuskantar tsarin rage damuwa a ciki da kuma ƙara tsayin ƙarfe. Wannan tsari ya ƙunshi dumama ƙarfe zuwa wani takamaiman zafin jiki sannan a sanyaya shi a hankali.
4.3. Ciwon sanyi
Domin samun kauri mafi kyau da kuma kammala saman, ana birgima ƙarfen a cikin sanyi. Ana yin birgima a cikin sanyi a zafin ɗaki kuma yana ba bakin ƙarfe kyakkyawan tsari da kuma ingantaccen kayan aikin injiniya.
4.4. Tuba
Tsarin cire oxides da sikelin ƙarfe ta amfani da ruwan acid. Wannan yana ba bakin ƙarfe kyawun tsari kuma yana inganta juriyarsa ga tsatsa.
5. Kammalawa da Ƙirƙira
5.1. Ƙarshen Sama
Bayan an ɗauki matakai daban-daban na sarrafawa, ana iya ba da ƙarfe mai kauri iri-iri dangane da takamaiman buƙatun aikace-aikacen. Wasu zaɓuɓɓukan gama saman sun haɗa da gogewa, gogewa, madubi, ko matte.
5.2. Maganin zafi
Ana iya buƙatar ƙarin maganin zafi don canza halayen injinan ƙarfe na bakin ƙarfe, dangane da amfaninsa. Wasu hanyoyin da ake amfani da su sun haɗa da kashe wuta, rage zafi, da kuma rage hayaki.
5.3. Inji da kuma tsarawa
Bakin karfe galibi yana buƙatar a yi masa siffa da injina bisa takamaiman ƙa'idodi. Wannan na iya haɗawa da yankewa, lanƙwasawa, walda, da sauran hanyoyin ƙera shi.
5.4. Tabbatar da inganci
Mataki na ƙarshe shine a tabbatar da ingancin samfura ta hanyar ƙarin gwaji da duba gani. Sannan a shirya kayan ƙarshe don rarrabawa ga masu amfani ko masana'antun da ke buƙata.
Kammalawa
Kera bakin karfe tsari ne mai sarkakiya wanda ya kunshi matakai da dama, tun daga haƙo kayan da aka sarrafa, narkewa, hadawa, siminti, birgima, annashuwa, daskarar da su, zuwa kammalawa da kuma ƙera su. Nasara a kowane mataki na aikin yana ƙayyade inganci da halayen samfurin bakin karfe na ƙarshe. Duk da ƙalubalen, bakin karfe ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin kayan da suka fi amfani kuma masu mahimmanci a masana'antar zamani.
