Nazarin Cututtukan Alerji a Kare
Rashin lafiyar karnuka yana ɗaya daga cikin matsalolin lafiya da aka fi fuskanta a fannin likitancin dabbobi, musamman saboda alamunsu galibi suna kama da wasu cututtukan fata ko matsalolin narkewar abinci. Gabaɗaya, rashin lafiyar jiki wani abu ne da tsarin garkuwar jiki ke yi wa abubuwa waɗanda galibi ba su da illa ga yawancin dabbobi. Waɗannan abubuwan da ke haifar da hakan, waɗanda ake kira allergens, na iya fitowa daga muhalli, abinci, ko cizon ƙwayoyin cuta. Nazarin cututtukan rashin lafiyar karnuka yana da mahimmanci saboda rashin lafiyar yana da daɗewa kuma yana sake faruwa, yana iya rage ingancin rayuwar dabbar, kuma yana iya haifar da tsadar kula da lafiya na dogon lokaci ga masu shi.
Fahimtar da hanyoyin alerji a cikin karnuka
A cikin karnuka, rashin lafiyar jiki yana faruwa ne lokacin da tsarin garkuwar jiki ya "rasa gane" wani abu a matsayin barazana, wanda ke haifar da kumburi. Wannan martanin na iya haɗawa da ƙwayoyin rigakafi (kamar IgE) da ƙwayoyin kumburi kamar ƙwayoyin mast. Lokacin da wani alerji ya shiga jiki - ta fata, hanyar numfashi, ko tsarin narkewar abinci - jiki yana fitar da masu shiga tsakani na kumburi kamar histamine. Wannan yana haifar da ƙaiƙayi (ƙumburi), ja, kumburi, har ma da tashin narkewar abinci. Abin sha'awa, a cikin karnuka, rashin lafiyar jiki galibi yana bayyana a fata fiye da hanyar numfashi, kamar yadda yake a cikin mutane.
Nau'ikan cututtukan rashin lafiyar da aka saba gani
A asibiti, ana iya raba rashin lafiyar kare zuwa manyan rukuni da dama:
1. Ciwon fata na ƙura (FAD)
Wannan nau'in rashin lafiyar jiki ne da aka saba gani. Ba ƙudaje ne suka fi zama babbar matsala ba, a'a, yawu ne ke haifar da martanin garkuwar jiki. Kare mai saurin kamuwa da cutar na iya fuskantar ƙaiƙayi mai tsanani daga cizo kaɗan. Wuraren da abin ya fi shafa sune baya, tushen wutsiya, cinyoyi, da kuma ƙananan ciki.
2. Rashin lafiyar muhalli / rashin lafiyar atopic dermatitis (Atopic Dermatitis/Atopy)
Alamomin atopy suna faruwa ne sakamakon rashin lafiyar muhalli kamar ƙurar gida, ƙurar pollen, mold, ko kuma ƙurar dabbobi. Alamomin galibi suna bayyana a yanayi (misali, lokacin fure) ko duk shekara, ya danganta da allergen ɗin. Wuraren da abin ya shafa sun haɗa da kunnuwa, fuska, hammata, wuraren da ke kewaye da fuska, da kuma lanƙwasa fata.
3. Rashin lafiyar abinci (Alerji ga abinci / rashin lafiyar abinci)
Rashin lafiyar abinci yawanci yana da alaƙa da takamaiman furotin, kamar kaza, naman sa, madara, ƙwai, ko wasu nau'ikan kifi. Duk da haka, yana da mahimmanci a bambance tsakanin rashin lafiyar abinci, wanda ya shafi tsarin garkuwar jiki, da rashin jurewar abinci, wanda ya fi alaƙa da narkewar abinci. A cikin karnuka, rashin lafiyar abinci yakan haifar da kaikayi na yau da kullun, kamuwa da fata mai maimaitawa, kuma wani lokacin amai ko gudawa.
4. Rashin lafiyar ido
Ba kasafai ake samun irin wannan ba, karnuka na iya mayar da martani ga wasu abubuwa da suka shafi fatarsu, kamar su na'urorin wanke bene, wasu shamfu, ko kayan kwanciya. Raunuka galibi suna bayyana a wuraren da fata ke da yawan hulɗa da fata, kamar ciki da tafin hannu.
Abubuwan Haɗari da kuma Halin Da Ake Fuskanta
Nazarce-nazarce da dama na asibiti sun nuna cewa akwai wani abu da ke haifar da cutar atopic dermatitis, wanda ke nuna cewa wasu nau'ikan sun fi saurin kamuwa. Ana yawan ambaton nau'ikan kamar Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, West Highland White Terriers, French Bulldogs, da German Shepherds a cikin rahotannin kamuwa da cutar atopy. Bayan nau'in, shekaru kuma suna taka rawa: atopy yawanci yana farawa ne daga ƙuruciya (kimanin watanni 6 zuwa shekaru 3), yayin da rashin lafiyar abinci na iya bayyana a kowane zamani. Yanayin muhalli (danshi mai yawa, fallasa ga ƙuraje) da yanayin maganin ƙwayoyin cuta suma suna shafar haɗarin kamuwa da alamun.
Alamomin asibiti da aka fi sani
Alamomin rashin lafiyar kare na iya bambanta sosai, amma alamu da aka fi bayar da rahoton sun haɗa da:
- Kaikayi mai yawa, ƙaiƙayi, lasawa, ko cizon fata
- Kuraje (redness), kuraje, ko amya
- Asarar gashi ta gida (alopecia) saboda karce
- Kauri da duhun fata a lokuta na yau da kullun (lichenification/hyperpigmentation)
- Cututtukan kunne masu yawan faruwa (otitis externa), kunnuwa masu wari, girgiza kai akai-akai
- Cututtukan fata na biyu ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta ko fungi (misali Malassezia)
- A cikin rashin lafiyar abinci: gudawa, amai, yawan fitar fitsari, ko kuma dogon bayan gida mai laushi
Alamomin da ke dawwama sau da yawa suna haifar da "zagaye mai muni" saboda ƙaiƙayi yana haifar da ƙaiƙayi, ƙaiƙayi yana lalata shingen fata, sannan ƙwayoyin cuta masu damar yin bunƙasa, yana ƙara ta'azzara kumburi, kuma ƙaiƙayi yana ƙara tsanani.
Hanyar Bincike: Hanyar Mataki-mataki
Ba za a iya gano rashin lafiyan a kowane lokaci bisa ga alamun cutar kawai ba, domin wasu cututtuka da yawa na iya yin kama da rashin lafiyan, kamar scabies, demodex, cututtukan fungal na dermatophyte, matsalolin hormonal, ko ma matsalolin halayya. Saboda haka, likitocin dabbobi galibi suna amfani da hanyar da ta dace:
1. Nazarin Littafi Mai Tsarki da gwajin jiki
Wannan ya haɗa da tarihin yanayi, muhalli, abinci, amsawar magunguna, da kuma duba kunne da fata.
2. Gwaji don ƙwayoyin cuta da cututtuka
Gogewar fata, gwajin microscopic, cytology, ko kuma al'adar neman ƙwayoyin cuta/fungi. Idan ana zargin FAD, sau da yawa ana yin maganin ƙuma ko da ƙuma ba a gani ba.
3. Kawar da abinci ga waɗanda ake zargi da rashin lafiyar abinci
Wannan kusan shine "ma'aunin zinare." Ana ba wa kare abinci na musamman (sabon furotin ko abinci mai narkewar ruwa) na tsawon makonni 8-12 ba tare da ƙarin abubuwan ci ba. Idan kare ya inganta, ana yin gwajin tsokana (komawa ga tsohon abincin) don tabbatar da ganewar cutar.
4. Gwajin rashin lafiyan ga atopy
Da zarar an tabbatar da ganewar cutar atopy a asibiti, gwajin da aka yi a cikin fata ko gwajin jini (serological IgE) zai iya taimakawa wajen gano abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin lafiyar muhalli don maganin rigakafi. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa waɗannan gwaje-gwajen ba a yi su ne don "gane cutar atopy daga farko ba," a maimakon haka, don gano abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin lafiyar.
Ka'idojin magani da magani
Rashin lafiyar karnuka ba kasafai ake magance shi gaba ɗaya ba, amma ana iya magance shi ta hanyar haɗakar dabarun:
- Tsananin kula da ƙwayoyin cuta
A cikin FAD, wannan muhimmin abu ne. Duk dabbobin gida galibi suna buƙatar maganin hana ƙuraje, kuma ya kamata a tsaftace muhalli.
- Kula da fata da kuma gyara shingen fata
Shamfu na likitanci, magungunan shafawa na fuska, da wasu kari na iya taimakawa wajen rage kumburi da kuma sarrafa ƙwayoyin cuta na biyu. Yin wanka akai-akai da samfuran da suka dace sau da yawa yana kawo babban canji ga karnukan da ke ɗauke da cutar atopic.
- Maganin ƙaiƙayi da kuma maganin kumburi
Dokter hewan na iya rubuta magunguna don rage kaikayi, kamar hanyoyin magance kumburi na musamman, ko corticosteroids a wasu yanayi da ake kulawa. magunguna dole ne su yi la'akari da illolin da ke tattare da su da sauran matsalolin lafiya.
- Magungunan rigakafi/maganin rigakafi idan akwai kamuwa da cuta ta biyu
Cututtukan fata da kunne sau da yawa suna ƙara ta'azzara rashin lafiyan jiki; magance su na iya inganta jin daɗi cikin sauri.
- Abinci na musamman don rashin lafiyar abinci
Idan an tabbatar da cewa wani abu ya faru a abinci, to a yi amfani da shi na dogon lokaci wajen kawar da sinadarin protein da ke haifar da shi da kuma kula da tsarin cin abinci mai kyau.
- Immunotherapy (tsarin immunotherapy wanda ke da alaƙa da allergens)
Don atopy, maganin rigakafi na iya taimakawa wajen rage yawan jin daɗin jiki ga abubuwan da ke haifar da allergens na muhalli. Ana yin tasirin a hankali kuma yawanci ana kimanta su tsawon watanni da yawa. Wannan hanya ce ɗaya da ke kai hari ga tushen dalilin, ba kawai alamun ba.
Tasiri kan ingancin rayuwa da kuma rawar da mai shi ke takawa
Rashin lafiyar kare na yau da kullun na iya rage ingancin rayuwarsa saboda ƙaiƙayi yana kawo cikas ga barci, yana haifar da ƙaiƙayi a fata, kuma yana ƙara damuwa. Masu shi galibi suna fuskantar gajiya ta motsin rai da ta kuɗi saboda magunguna akai-akai. Samun nasarar magani ya dogara sosai akan kulawa akai-akai: kula da ƙuma akai-akai, bin tsarin abinci na kawar da ƙuma, jadawalin wanka, da kuma kula da kunne da fata. Kyakkyawan sadarwa tsakanin mai shi da likitan dabbobi yana da mahimmanci don tsarin magani na gaske da za a iya cimmawa.
Kammalawa
Nazarin cututtukan rashin lafiyan da ke cikin karnuka ya nuna cewa rashin lafiyan yanayi ne mai sarkakiya wanda ya shafi hulɗar abubuwan da suka shafi kwayoyin halitta, abubuwan da suka shafi muhalli, da kuma martanin garkuwar jiki. Nau'ikan da suka fi yawa sun haɗa da ciwon ƙuma, ciwon atopic, da kuma rashin lafiyar abinci. Ganewar asali tana buƙatar hanya mai sauƙi don kawar da ƙwayoyin cuta da cututtuka da kuma gwada rashin lafiyar abinci da muhalli. Mafi kyawun magani gabaɗaya shine hanyoyin da yawa: kula da ƙwayoyin cuta, kula da fata, maganin ƙaiƙayi, kula da kamuwa da cuta, daidaita abinci, da kuma, a wasu lokuta, maganin rigakafi. Tare da dabarun da suka dace da kulawa ta dogon lokaci, yawancin karnukan da ke da rashin lafiyan za su iya rayuwa mai daɗi da aiki.
Idan kuna so, zan iya daidaita wannan labarin zuwa sigar ilimi mafi girma (tare da salon mujallu da kuma littafin tarihi), ko kuma sigar da ta fi shahara ga shafukan yanar gizo na masu kare, ina ƙara ƙananan sassa kamar "nazarin shari'o'i" da "ci gaban bincike na baya-bayan nan."
