Nau'ikan Gilashi da ake Amfani da su a Tsarin Gine-gine na Zamani
Tsarin gine-gine na gaba yana da alaƙa da siffofi masu ƙarfi, fuskoki masu sauƙi, wasa da bayyananne, da haɗakar fasaha da ingancin makamashi. Bayan kamannin "shawagi" da kuma saman da ke da tsabta, mara matsala, gilashi muhimmin abu ne wanda ba kawai abu ne mai kyau ba, har ma wani ɓangaren fasaha ne wanda ke ƙayyade jin daɗin zafi, tsaro, sautin sauti, da dorewar gini. Yayin da buƙatun gine-gine na gaba ke ƙara zama masu rikitarwa - masu inganci ga makamashi, daidaitawa, aminci, da kwanciyar hankali - nau'ikan gilashin da ake amfani da su suma suna ƙara bambanta kuma suna da fasaha mai zurfi.
Ga wasu daga cikin nau'ikan gilashi da aka fi amfani da su (ko kuma waɗanda ke ƙara shahara) a cikin zane-zanen gine-gine na gaba, tare da halaye da aikace-aikacensu.
1. Gilashin Mai Zafi (Gilashin Mai Tauri)
Gilashin mai zafi gilashi ne da aka dumama shi kuma aka sanyaya shi da sauri, wanda hakan ya sa ya fi ƙarfin gilashin yau da kullun sau da yawa. Idan ya karye, gilashin zai fashe ya zama ƙananan guntu-guntu, wanda hakan zai sa ya fi aminci.
A cikin gine-ginen zamani, ana amfani da gilashin da aka sanyaya sosai a cikin:
- bangon gilashi (bangayen labule) da kuma bangarorin facade,
- gilashin gilashi da fitilun sama,
- shingen matakala ko baranda,
- ƙofofi masu juyawa da abubuwan ciki tare da ra'ayin "buɗe sarari".
Ƙarfinsa da amincinsa sun sa gilashin da aka sanya a cikin injin ya dace da manyan wuraren gilashi waɗanda ke da alaƙa da gine-ginen da ke gaba.
2. Gilashin Laminated (Gilashin Laminated)
Gilashin da aka lakafta ya ƙunshi zanen gilashi biyu ko fiye da haka da aka haɗa su da fim (yawanci PVB ko EVA). Wannan fim ɗin yana riƙe guntun gilashin tare lokacin da suka karye, wanda ke ƙara aminci da tsaro.
Fa'idodin gilashin da aka laminated don ƙirar futuristic sun haɗa da:
- kariya daga tasirin da yunƙurin sata,
- ikon rage sauti (acoustic) lokacin amfani da wani takamaiman Layer na daban,
- mafi kyawun kariya ta UV ga ciki.
Amfani da aka saba yi: fitilun sama, rufin gilashi, fuskokin jama'a, benaye na gilashi don abubuwan ban mamaki na sararin samaniya, da kuma tagogi masu tsayi.
3. Na'urar Gilashin Mai Rufewa (IGU) ko Gilashin Mai Rufewa Biyu/Uku
IGU wani abu ne na gilashi wanda ya ƙunshi layuka biyu ko uku na gilashi tare da ramin da aka cika da iskar busasshiya ko iskar gas mara aiki (kamar argon) a tsakaninsu. Babban manufarsa ita ce inganta rufin zafi da na sauti.
A cikin tsarin gine-gine na gaba wanda ke neman ingantaccen makamashi, IGUs suna da mahimmanci saboda:
- rage canja wurin zafi daga waje zuwa ciki (kuma akasin haka),
- ƙara jin daɗin ɗakin ta hanyar rage tasirin "zafin haske" daga gilashin,
– rage amfani da na'urar sanyaya daki ko dumamawa.
Gine-gine masu facade mai gilashi kusan koyaushe suna buƙatar IGUs don su kasance cikin jin daɗi da kuma amfani da makamashi.
4. Gilashin Ƙaramin-E (Ƙarancin Fitar da Ruwa)
Gilashin Low-E an lulluɓe shi da siririn oxide na ƙarfe wanda ke nuna zafi na infrared yayin da yake watsa haske mai gani. Yana ɗaya daga cikin fasahohin gilashi mafi tasiri a cikin ƙirar gine-gine na zamani da na gaba.
Babban fa'idodin gilashin Low-E:
- rage zafin rana mai shigowa (rage yawan sanyaya),
- kiyaye zafi a cikin gida a cikin yanayi mai sanyi,
- yana ba da damar ƙira waɗanda suka kasance masu gaskiya ba tare da sadaukar da aikin makamashi ba.
Ana haɗa gilashin Low-E tare da IGU don samun sakamako mai kyau, musamman a gine-ginen ofisoshi, filayen jirgin sama, gidajen tarihi, da gidaje masu tsayi.
5. Gilashin Mai Launi da Gilashin Mai Nuna Haske
Gilashin da aka yi wa fenti yana da takamaiman launi (toka, kore, shuɗi, tagulla) don rage haske da zafi. Gilashin da ke nuna haske, a gefe guda, yana haskaka haske sosai, yana sa ya yi kama da madubi daga waje.
A cikin tsarin gine-gine na futuristic, ana amfani da su duka don:
- ƙirƙirar asalin gani wanda yake "fasaha" kuma mai santsi,
- sarrafa hasken wuta a wuraren aiki da wuraren jama'a,
- yana ƙara sirri a lokacin rana.
Duk da haka, amfani da gilashin mai haske yana buƙatar la'akari da tasirinsa ga muhallin da ke kewaye, kamar yuwuwar hasken da ya wuce kima ga masu tafiya a ƙasa ko gine-ginen da ke makwabtaka.
6. Gilashin da aka gasa (Gilashin da aka gasa na yumbu)
Gilashin da aka gasa shi ne gilashi wanda aka yi masa zane (dige-dige, layi, ko siffofi) ta amfani da enamel na yumbu, wanda daga nan ake dumama shi don ƙirƙirar haɗin kai na dindindin. Wannan tsari yana aiki a matsayin mai sarrafa haske da zafi da kuma abin ƙira.
Amfanin gilashin da aka fried:
- rage hasken rana ba tare da sanya ginin ya yi duhu ba,
- yana taimakawa rage yawan zafin rana,
- ƙirƙirar facade mai tsari sosai,
– ƙara aminci ga tsuntsaye (mai sauƙin amfani da tsuntsaye) idan an tsara tsarin yadda ya kamata.
Futuristic facades sau da yawa suna amfani da frits don ƙirƙirar zane mai motsi, musamman a cikin manyan atriums, canopies, da bangon labule.
7. Gilashin Wayo (Electrochromic/PDLC)
Gilashin zamani nau'i ne na gilashi wanda zai iya canza haske ko kamanninsa ta amfani da wutar lantarki. Nau'i biyu da suka shahara sune:
– Gilashin lantarki: yana canzawa daga haske zuwa duhu a hankali don sarrafa zafi da walƙiya.
– PDLC (Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal): canje-canje daga rashin haske zuwa sharewa, sau da yawa ana amfani da su don sirri nan take.
A cikin ra'ayoyin gine-gine na gaba, gilashi mai wayo yana goyon bayan ra'ayin "gine-gine masu daidaitawa," ma'ana gine-gine waɗanda ke amsawa ga yanayin muhalli da buƙatun masu amfani a ainihin lokaci. Aikace-aikacen sun haɗa da ɗakunan taro, asibitoci, otal-otal, har ma da takamaiman fuskoki waɗanda ke buƙatar sarrafa haske mai sassauƙa.
8. Gilashin Photovoltaic (BIPV: Gina Haɗaɗɗen Photovoltaics)
Gilashin daukar hoto yana haɗa ƙwayoyin hasken rana cikin allunan gilashi, yana ba da damar fuskoki ko fitilun sama su samar da wutar lantarki. Wannan ya yi daidai da alkiblar tsarin gine-gine na gaba: gine-gine ba wai kawai suna cinye makamashi ba har ma suna samar da shi.
Amfani da BIPV na iya zama kamar haka:
- bangon labule na hasken rana mai haske,
- gilashin gilashi a wuraren jama'a,
– hasken sama na atrium wanda kuma yake aiki a matsayin mai samar da makamashi.
Duk da cewa farashin farko zai iya zama mafi girma, yanayin da ake ciki na gine-gine marasa tsari ya sa gilashin PV ya zama mai mahimmanci.
9. Gilashin Tsaftace Kai da Gilashin da ke Hana Haske
Ga gine-ginen da ke amfani da manyan saman gilashi, kulawa babbar matsala ce. Gilashin tsaftace kai yawanci yana da rufin photocatalytic (misali, wanda aka yi da titanium dioxide) wanda ke taimakawa wajen wargaza dattin halitta kuma yana ba da damar ruwa ya bazu daidai gwargwado, wanda hakan ke sauƙaƙa tsaftace saman.
A halin yanzu, gilashin da ke hana haske yana rage haske ta yadda fuskar ta yi kyau "kuma cikin gidan ya fi daɗi, musamman ga gidajen tarihi, dakunan nuni, ko wuraren jama'a waɗanda ke nuna ayyuka da kayayyaki.
10. Gilashin da aka yiwa alama da wuta da kuma Gilashin Tsaro na Musamman
Dole ne fasahar zamani ta cika ƙa'idodin aminci. Gilashin da aka yi amfani da shi wajen wuta an ƙera shi ne don jure wuta da zafi na wani lokaci. Gilashin tsaro na musamman masu jure fashewa da harsashi suma suna samuwa don wurare masu mahimmanci.
Waɗannan gilashin suna ba da damar ƙira waɗanda suka kasance masu haske amma masu aminci, musamman akan:
- hanyar ƙaura,
- babban falon gini,
- raba sararin jama'a da sararin fasaha.
Kammalawa: Gilashi a Matsayin "Fata" na Gine-gine na Gaba
A tsarin gine-gine na gaba, gilashi yana aiki a matsayin fatar gini, ba wai kawai kyakkyawa ba ne, har ma da wayo da aiki. Zaɓin nau'in gilashi—mai laushi, laminated, IGU, Low-E, fritted, smart glass, har ma da photovoltaic glass—zai ƙayyade aikin makamashi, jin daɗin zafi, sarrafa haske, tsaro, har ma da gudummawar ginin ga dorewar muhalli.
Mabuɗin samun nasara yana cikin haɗin kai mai kyau. Yawancin ayyukan gaba ba sa amfani da nau'in gilashi ɗaya, amma maimakon haka suna tsara tsarin facade wanda ya haɗa fasahohi da yawa. Ta wannan hanyar, gilashi ba wai kawai yana ba da haske da yanayin zamani ba, har ma yana zama kayan aiki mai aiki wanda ke shirya gine-gine don buƙatun gaba.
Idan kuna so, zan iya daidaita wannan labarin zuwa yanayin Indonesiya (yanayin zafi), tare da shawarwari kan haɗa gilashi don fuskokin yamma/gabas, fitilun sama, da wuraren jama'a.
