Bambanci Tsakanin Jinin Jijiyoyi da Jinin Jijiyoyi
A tsarin jijiyoyin jini na ɗan adam, jijiyoyin jini da jijiyoyin jini nau'i biyu ne na manyan jijiyoyin jini waɗanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa. Suna aiki tare don tabbatar da cewa kowace ƙwayar halitta a cikin jiki tana karɓar iskar oxygen da abubuwan gina jiki, yayin da kuma ke taimakawa wajen cire abubuwan da ba su dace ba na metabolism kamar carbon dioxide. Duk da haka, duk da cewa suna ɗauke da jini, jijiyoyin jini da jijiyoyin jini suna da bambance-bambance na asali dangane da alkiblar kwarara, yawan iskar oxygen, tsarin bangon jijiyoyin jini, hawan jini, da kuma aikinsu wajen kiyaye daidaiton jiki. Wannan labarin ya tattauna bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin jinin jijiyoyin jini da jijiyoyin jini a sarari da kuma cikakke.
Fahimtar jinin jijiyoyi da jinin venous
Gabaɗaya, kalmar "jini na jijiya" tana nufin jini da ke gudana a cikin jijiyoyin jini, yayin da "jini na jijiya" tana nufin jini da ke gudana a cikin jijiyoyin jini. Duk da haka, kalmar "jini na jijiya" galibi ana danganta ta da jini mai wadataccen iskar oxygen, da kuma "jini na jijiya" tare da jinin da ba shi da iskar oxygen. Wannan alaƙar gabaɗaya gaskiya ce a cikin jijiyoyin jini (babban zagayawar jini), amma akwai wani muhimmin keɓancewa a cikin zagayawar jini na huhu (ƙaramin zagayawar jini), wanda za a yi bayani daga baya.
Alkiblar kwarara: daga zuciya da zuwa zuciya
Babban bambanci tsakanin jijiyoyin jini da jijiyoyin jini shine alkiblar kwararar jini:
– Jijiyoyi suna ɗauke da jini daga zuciya zuwa kyallen jiki ko gabobin jiki.
– Jijiyoyi suna dawo da jini zuwa zuciya bayan an yi amfani da jinin ta hanyar nama.
A wata ma'anar, jijiyoyin jini sune "hanyoyin rarrabawa," yayin da jijiyoyin jini sune "hanyoyin dawowa." Wannan alkiblar kwarara koyaushe tana da daidaito, kodayake yawan iskar oxygen na iya bambanta a cikin wani yanki da aka bayar.
Iskar oxygen da carbon dioxide
A cikin zagayawar jini ta hanyar tsarin jiki, yawan iskar da ke cikin jinin jijiya da kuma na jijiya ya bambanta a fili:
– Jinin jijiya (tsarin jiki): mai wadataccen iskar oxygen (O₂) da ƙarancin iskar carbon dioxide (CO₂). Wannan jinin ya bar zuciya (ventricle na hagu) ta cikin aorta kuma ana ɗaukarsa a ko'ina cikin jiki.
– Jinin jijiya (mai tsari): ƙarancin iskar oxygen kuma mai wadataccen iskar carbon dioxide. Wannan jinin yana isar da iskar oxygen ga kyallen takarda kuma yana mayar da CO₂ zuwa zuciya (ta hanyar vena cava).
Duk da haka, yana da mahimmanci a san cewa a cikin zagayawar huhu akasin haka yana faruwa:
– Jijiyoyin huhu (jijiyoyin huhu) suna ɗaukar jinin da ba shi da isashshen iskar oxygen daga zuciya zuwa huhu.
– Jijiyoyin huhu (jijiyoyin huhu) suna ɗauke da jinin da ke ɗauke da iskar oxygen daga huhu zuwa zuciya.
Don haka, ba a tantance ma'anar jijiyoyin jini da jijiyoyin jini ta hanyar "wadatar iskar oxygen ko a'a", amma ta hanyar alkiblar kwararar jini zuwa zuciya.
Launin jini: ja mai haske idan aka kwatanta da ja mai duhu
Bambancin matakan iskar oxygen yana shafar bayyanar launi:
- Jinin jijiya yawanci yana yin ja mai haske saboda haemoglobin yana ɗaure iskar oxygen (oxyhemoglobin).
– Jinin jijiyoyin jini yana kama da ja mai duhu saboda yana ɗauke da ƙarancin oxyhemoglobin da ƙarin deoxyhemoglobin.
Yana da kyau a fayyace: jijiyoyin jini galibi suna kama da shuɗi a ƙarƙashin fata, amma hakan ya fi faruwa ne saboda yadda haske ke ratsa fata kuma yana bayyana, ba wai saboda jinin shuɗi ba ne.
Hawan jini da yawan kwararar jini
Jijiyoyi da jijiyoyin jini suna aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban na matsin lamba:
– Jijiyoyi suna karɓar jini kai tsaye daga "famfon zuciya," don haka matsin lamba ya fi girma. Saboda haka, kwararar jini a cikin jijiyoyin jini yana da sauri kuma ana jin sa a matsayin bugun jini a wasu jijiyoyin jini (misali, a cikin wuyan hannu).
– Jijiyoyin jini suna da ƙarancin matsi. Magudanar jini zuwa zuciya tana taimakawa ta hanyar matsewar tsokoki na ƙashi (misali, yayin tafiya), bambancin matsin lamba yayin numfashi, da kuma kasancewar bawuloli na jijiyoyin jini.
A cikin raunuka, wannan bambancin matsin lamba yana bayyana a sarari: zubar jini a jijiyoyi yawanci yana ɓullo kuma yana da wahalar tsayawa, yayin da zubar jini a jijiyoyi ke gudana a hankali.
Tsarin bangon jijiyoyin jini: kauri da siriri
Bambancin da ke tsakanin jinin jijiya da na jijiya yana da alaƙa da halayen jijiyoyin:
– Bangon jijiyoyin jini sun fi kauri, sun fi laushi, kuma suna da wadataccen tsoka mai santsi. Wannan tsari yana taimaka wa jijiyoyin jini su jure matsin lamba mai yawa da kuma kiyaye kwararar jini mai kyau.
– Bangon jijiyoyin sun fi siriri kuma ba su da laushi. Jijiyoyi suna riƙe da babban adadin jini a ƙaramin matsin lamba don haka ba sa buƙatar bango mai kauri kamar jijiyoyin jini.
Saboda jijiyoyin jini na iya faɗaɗa don ɗaukar jini, ana kiransu da "ma'ajiyar ruwa" ko kuma wuraren ajiyar jini na ɗan lokaci a jiki.
Kasancewar bawuloli: irin jijiyoyin da suka saba
Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman siffofin da aka bambanta:
– Jijiyoyin jijiyoyin ba su da bawuloli a tsawonsu (sai dai bawul ɗin da ke ƙasan hanyar fitar da zuciya wanda wani ɓangare ne na tsarin zuciya, kamar bawul ɗin aorta).
– Jijiyoyi da yawa suna da bawuloli masu hanya ɗaya, musamman a cikin jijiyoyin ƙafafu da hannaye, don hana jini ya kwarara baya saboda nauyi.
Waɗannan bawuloli suna da matuƙar muhimmanci ga mutanen da ke tsayawa na dogon lokaci. Idan bawuloli suka yi rauni, jini zai iya taruwa a cikin jijiyoyin ƙafafu, wanda hakan ke haifar da jijiyoyin varicose.
Babban aiki a cikin rarraba jini da dawowarsa
Idan an taƙaita shi bisa ga aiki:
- Jijiyoyi suna aiki don isar da iskar oxygen, abubuwan gina jiki, da hormones ga gabobin jiki da kyallen jiki (musamman a cikin zagayawar jini).
- Jijiyoyi suna aiki don mayar da jini zuwa zuciya, ɗaukar sharar metabolism, da kuma taimakawa wajen kiyaye daidaiton adadin jini a cikin zagayawar jini.
Ba za a iya raba su biyun ba. Jijiyoyin da ba su da jijiyoyi za su sa jini ya "kama" a cikin kyallen takarda; jijiyoyin da ba su da jijiyoyi za su hana kyallen takarda iskar oxygen.
Wurin da kuma kariya daga cututtuka
Gabaɗaya:
– Jijiyoyi galibi suna da zurfi kuma suna da kariya, domin idan suka ji rauni suna iya haifar da zubar jini mai yawa saboda matsin lamba mai yawa.
– Jijiyoyi da yawa suna kusa da saman fata (misali, jijiyoyin hannu), don haka suna da sauƙin gani kuma galibi sune wurin da ake ɗaukar jini ko saka IV.
Duk da haka, wannan ba cikakke ba ne; akwai kuma ƙananan jijiyoyin jini da jijiyoyin jini masu zurfi, ya danganta da yankin jiki.
Misalan manyan jijiyoyin jini da jijiyoyin jini
Don taimakawa fahimta, ga misalan manyan jiragen ruwa:
Babban jijiyoyin jini:
- Aorta (mafi girman jijiya)
- Jijiyoyin Carotid (zuwa kwakwalwa)
- Jijiyoyin femoral (zuwa ƙafa)
Babban jijiyoyin jini:
- Vena cava mai girma da mara kyau (komawa zuwa zuciya)
- Jijiyar Jugular (daga kai/wuya)
- Jijiya mai laushi (babban jijiyar da ke cikin ƙafa wadda galibi ke da alaƙa da jijiyoyin varicose)
Alaƙa da gwajin lafiya
A fannin likitanci, bambanci tsakanin su biyun yana da amfani:
– Ana ɗaukar samfuran jinin jijiyoyin jini sau da yawa don gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje na yau da kullun saboda suna da sauƙin isa kuma suna da ƙarancin matsin lamba.
– Ana ɗaukar samfuran jinin jijiya don gwaje-gwaje na musamman kamar nazarin iskar gas (ABG), misali don tantance matakin iskar oxygen, carbon dioxide, da ma'aunin acid-base a cikin marasa lafiya da ke fama da matsalolin numfashi.
Jinin jijiyoyin da ke zubar da jini yawanci yana da zafi sosai saboda jijiyoyin suna da zurfi kuma suna da ƙarin zare na jijiyoyi a kusa da su.
Kammalawa
Bambancin da ke tsakanin jinin jijiyoyi da jijiyoyin jini ya wuce jinin "mai wadatar oxygen" ko "marasa isashshen oxygen", amma kuma ya haɗa da alkiblar kwarara zuwa zuciya, matsin lamba, launi, tsarin jijiyoyin jini, kasancewar bawuloli, da kuma ayyukansu na jiki. Jijiyoyi suna ɗauke da jini daga zuciya a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba mai yawa da kuma bango mai kauri, yayin da jijiyoyi ke mayar da jini zuwa zuciya a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba mai sauƙi, tare da bango mai siriri, da kuma bawuloli don hana komawa baya. Fahimtar waɗannan bambance-bambancen yana taimaka mana mu fahimci yadda jiki ke kula da rayuwa - yana isar da iskar oxygen da abubuwan gina jiki yadda ya kamata yayin da yake kawar da sharar da ke cikin metabolism yadda ya kamata.
Idan kana so, zan iya ƙara taƙaitaccen teburin kwatantawa (jijiyoyin jini da jijiyoyin jini) ko kuma sigar kimiyya ta labarin don ayyukan makaranta/kwaleji.
