Ka'idar Aiki na Da'irori Masu Juyawa
Pendahuluan
Da'irori masu juyawa suna ɗaya daga cikin muhimman tubalan ginin na'urorin lantarki na dijital, suna ba da damar adanawa da sarrafa bayanai na binary (bits). Da'irori masu juyawa suna zuwa cikin nau'ikan iri daban-daban kuma suna da aikace-aikace iri-iri, tun daga adana bayanai zuwa da'irori masu rikitarwa na dabaru. Wannan labarin yana da nufin zurfafa zurfafa cikin ƙa'idodin aiki na da'irori masu juyawa, nau'ikan iri-iri, da aikace-aikacen su a cikin kayan lantarki.
Ka'idojin Aiki na Asali
Flip-flop a zahiri da'irar bistable ce, ma'ana tana iya wanzuwa a ɗaya daga cikin yanayi biyu masu karko. Wannan da'irar tana da ikon kiyaye waɗannan yanayin ba tare da buƙatar siginar shigarwa mai ci gaba ba. Ba kamar ƙofofin dabaru masu sauƙi ba, waɗanda ke canza fitowar su nan take bisa ga shigarwar, flip-flop na iya "tuna" yanayinsa na ƙarshe.
SR Flip-flop
Mafi sauƙin nau'in flip-flop shine flip-flop na SR (Set-Reset). Babban abubuwan da ke cikin SR flip-flop sune ƙofofin NOR ko NAND guda biyu masu haɗin kai. Ga teburin gaskiya don flip-flop na SR mai amfani da ƙofofin NOR:
| S (Saiti) | R (Sake saitawa) | Q (Fitarwa) | Q' (Karin Fitarwa) |
|————|—————–|—————|—————————|
| 0 | 0 | Q (na baya) | Q' (na baya) |
| 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| 1 | 1 | Ba a Fayyace ba | Ba a Fayyace ba |
Yanayin da ke cikin teburin inda S da R duka suke 1 yanayi ne mara kwanciyar hankali kuma ba a amfani da shi a aikace.
D Flip-flop
Domin magance matsalar da aka haramta a yanayin SR flip-flops, an gabatar da D flip-flop. D flip-flop yana sauƙaƙa shigarwar ta hanyar samun shigarwar bayanai guda ɗaya (D) da shigarwar agogo ɗaya (C). Fitowar za ta canza yanayin ne kawai idan siginar agogo ta kasance. Ga teburin gaskiya na D flip-flop:
| D | Agogo | Q (Fitarwa) | Q' (Karin Fitarwa) |
|—|——-|—————|—————————|
| 0 | ↑ | 0 | 1 |
| 1 | ↑ | 1 | 0 |
Idan aka ga alamar agogon da ke tashi, fitowar Q za ta bi ƙimar D.
JK Flip-flop
JK flip-flop wani ƙarin ci gaba ne akan SR flip-flop, wanda ke kawar da wannan yanayin rashin kwanciyar hankali. JK flip-flop yana da shigarwa guda biyu, J da K, da shigarwar agogo. Teburin gaskiyansa kamar haka:
| J | K | Agogo | Q (Fitarwa) | Q' (Karin Fitarwa) |
|——|———|———-|———————————|
| 0 | 0 | ↑ | Q (na baya) | Q' (na baya) |
| 0 | 1 | ↑ | 0 | 1 |
| 1 | 0 | ↑ | 1 | 0 |
| 1 | 1 | ↑ | Q' (na baya) | Q (na baya) |
Idan shigarwar J da K su ne 1, fitarwa za ta zama cikar yanayin da ya gabata, ko kuma a fannin fasaha "juggle".
T Flip-flop
T flip-flop ko Toggle flip-flop wani nau'in JK flip-flop ne inda aka haɗa dukkan shigarwar J da K tare kuma aka yiwa lakabi da T. Wannan yana sa fitowar Q ta canza yanayin duk lokacin da aka sami gefen siginar agogo. Teburin gaskiya kamar haka:
| T | Agogo | Q (Fitarwa) | Q' (Karin Fitarwa) |
|—|——-|—————|—————————|
| 0 | ↑ | Q (na baya) | Q' (na baya) |
| 1 | ↑ | Q' (na baya) | Q (na baya) |
Aiwatarwa da Aiwatarwa
Rijista da Ƙwaƙwalwa
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan aikace-aikacen flip-flops yana cikin rajista da ƙwaƙwalwa. Rijista tarin flip-flops ne waɗanda ke adana ƙananan bayanai; yawanci, flip-flop guda ɗaya yana adana ƙaramin bit. Ana amfani da rajista sosai a cikin ƙananan na'urori don adana bayanai na ɗan lokaci. Ta hanyar haɗa flip-flops da yawa, za mu iya ƙirƙirar rajista mai takamaiman faɗin bit, misali, bit 8 ko bit 16.
Ƙwaƙwalwar kwamfuta kamar SRAM (Static RAM) tana ɗauke da babban matrix na flip-flops waɗanda za a iya samun damar karantawa ko rubuta bayanai.
Mai ƙidayar lokaci da agogo
Ana kuma amfani da flip-flops a cikin da'irar counter da timer. Mai ƙidaya da'ira ce da ke ƙirga siginar agogo kuma tana canza ta zuwa nau'in binary, wanda za a iya amfani da shi don lokaci ko azaman fihirisa. Misali mai sauƙi shine amfani da T flip-flops a jere don ƙirƙirar mai ƙidayar binary.
Shift Register
Rijistar canji wani nau'in rajista ne wanda zai iya canza bayanansa zuwa hagu ko dama. Ana amfani da shi a aikace-aikace daban-daban, kamar sarrafa bayanai na serial-to-parallel, inda bayanai ke jera ko daidaitawa don aikawa ko karɓa daga tsarin.
Mai Kula da Dabaru
Saboda yanayin ajiyar bayanai na flip-flops, ana amfani da su a cikin masu sarrafa dabaru don bin diddigin yanayin ko canjin da'ira bisa ga abubuwan da suka faru na shigarwa. Misali shine injin jihar, wanda ke aiwatar da takamaiman aiki bisa ga yanayin da yake a yanzu da siginar shigarwar da yake karɓa.
Kammalawa
Flip-flops muhimmin sashi ne a cikin da'irorin lantarki na dijital. Ta hanyar nau'ikan flip-flops daban-daban, kamar SR, D, JK, da T flip-flops, za mu iya cimma ayyuka da aikace-aikace iri-iri, tun daga ajiyar bayanai mai sauƙi zuwa sarrafa dabaru mai rikitarwa. Fahimtar ƙa'idodin aiki na flip-flops da aikace-aikacensu yana ba mu damar tsara tsarin dijital mafi inganci da tasiri bisa ga buƙatunmu. A matsayinmu na ɗaya daga cikin manyan tubalan gini a duniyar lantarki, flip-flops zai ci gaba da zama muhimmin sashi a cikin sabbin fasahohin zamani na gaba.
