Isidingo samandla emhlabeni wonke siyaqhubeka nokukhula ngokuhambisana nokukhula kwabantu kanye nentuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe. Emazweni amaningi, okuhlanganisa ne-Indonesia, ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwamandla kudala izinselelo ezinkulu maqondana nokusimama, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokutholakala kwezinsiza. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngemizamo eyahlukahlukene eyenziwayo ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zamandla, okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo, ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe.
Ukusetshenziswa Kwemithombo Yamandla Avuselelekayo
1. Amandla Elanga
Amandla elanga angomunye wemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo ethembisayo kakhulu futhi athuthukiswa kabanzi emazweni ahlukahlukene. Ubuchwepheshe be-photovoltaic (PV) buguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube ugesi. Ohulumeni kanye nomkhakha ozimele emazweni amaningi batshale imali eningi engqalasizinda ye-PV ukuze banciphise ukuthembela kumafutha emvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe iyaqhubeka nokunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza futhi yandise ukusebenza kahle kwamaphaneli elanga, okwenza ancintisane kakhulu.
E-Indonesia, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla elanga nakho kuyanda. Uhlelo lukahulumeni oluqalwe yi-Solar Energy Saving Electricity (LTSHE) luhlose ukuhlinzeka ngogesi ezindaweni ezikude ezingakaxhunywa kugridi kagesi ye-PLN. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkampani ezizimele seziqala ukufaka amaphaneli elanga ophahleni lwezakhiwo zezentengiselwano nezindawo zokuhlala ukuze kusetshenziswe amandla amaningi elanga aleli zwe elishisayo.
2. Amandla Omoya
Amandla omoya angomunye umthombo wamandla avuselelekayo onamandla amakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinesivinini esikhulu somoya. Ama-turbine omoya aguqula amandla e-kinetic omoya abe ugesi, ongasetshenziswa ngezinhloso ezahlukahlukene.
EYurophu, amazwe afana neJalimane neDenmark ahole indlela ekuthuthukisweni kwamandla omoya ngokwakha amapulazi amakhulu omoya ogwini kanye nasogwini lolwandle. E-Indonesia, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla omoya kusesencane. Iphrojekthi ye-Wind Power Plant (PLTB) eSidrap, eNingizimu yeSulawesi, iyisibonelo esisodwa semizamo kahulumeni yokuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla omoya.
3. Amandla Amanzi
Amandla amanzi, ikakhulukazi ngezitshalo zamandla kagesi (i-HPP), sekuyisikhathi eside engumthombo wamandla obalulekile. Amazwe afana neNorway neBrazil athola iningi likagesi wawo ezitshalweni zamandla kagesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe be-micro-hydro kanye ne-pico-hydro buvumela ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi amancane ukukhiqiza ugesi, okuwusizo kakhulu ezindaweni ezikude.
E-Indonesia, ugesi wamanzi usube yinsika ebalulekile yokuhlinzekwa kukagesi. Njengoba kunemifula eminingi kanye nezimpophoma ezingaba khona, i-Indonesia inethuba elikhulu lokuthuthukisa amaphrojekthi amaningi kagesi wamanzi. Kodwa-ke, izinselele zemvelo nezenhlalo kumele zixazululwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kukagesi wamanzi akulimazi imvelo yendawo kanye nemiphakathi.
Ukusebenza Kwamandla
1. Ukwandisa Ukusebenza Kahle Emkhakheni Wezimboni
Imboni ingenye yabathengi abakhulu bamandla. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kulo mkhakha kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekunciphiseni ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphelele. Izimboni eziningi seziqalile ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nemikhuba emihle yokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.
Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kwemishini nemishini esebenza kahle kakhulu, izinhlelo zokulawula ezenzakalelayo, kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezilungiselelwe kahle kunganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenzisa kabusha ukushisa okulahliwe okuvela ezinqubweni zezimboni njengomthombo wamandla owengeziwe nakho kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekwandiseni ukusebenza kahle.
2. Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezakhiwo Eziluhlaza
Izakhiwo eziluhlaza zenzelwe ukunciphisa imiphumela emibi kwezemvelo ngokusebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kahle, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokwakha ezinobungani nemvelo, kanye nokuphathwa kwezinsiza okusimeme. Izakhiwo eziluhlaza zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obufana nezinhlelo zokukhanyisa zemvelo, umoya ofanele, kanye nokusebenzisa izinto zokuvikela ukushisa ukunciphisa izidingo zamandla.
E-Indonesia, umqondo wezakhiwo eziluhlaza uya ngokuya uthandwa, ikakhulukazi emadolobheni amakhulu. Izakhiwo eziningana zezentengiselwano nezindawo zokuhlala seziqala ukwamukela izitifiketi eziluhlaza, njengalezo ezivela ku-Green Building Council Indonesia (GBCI), ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ziyahlangabezana nezindinganiso zokusebenzisa kahle amandla kanye nokusimama.
3. Izimoto Zikagesi
Izimoto zikagesi ziyizinto ezintsha ezibalulekile emizamweni yokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli wezinto zakudala emkhakheni wezokuthutha. Ngokuncika kugesi njengomthombo wamandla, izimoto zikagesi zinganciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa kanye nokungcola komoya.
Emazweni amaningi, ohulumeni banikeza izikhuthazo nokusekela ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda yezimoto zikagesi, njengeziteshi zokushaja. E-Indonesia, imizamo yokuthuthukisa izimoto zikagesi nayo iyaqina ngemithethonqubo esekelayo kanye nezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene ezivela ezinkampanini zezimoto zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe.
I-Technology Innovation
1. Ubuchwepheshe Bokugcina Amandla
Enye yezinselelo ezinkulu ekusebenziseni amandla avuselelekayo ukungazinzile kokunikezwa kwamandla, njengoba amandla elanga etholakala kuphela lapho ilanga likhanya, futhi amandla omoya ancike ezimweni zezulu. Ngakho-ke, ubuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla, njengamabhethri, buyisihluthulelo sokuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwamandla okuzinzile.
Ubuchwepheshe bebhethri buyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka ngenhloso yokwandisa amandla okugcina, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokuqina. Amabhethri e-lithium-ion yiwona asetshenziswa kakhulu njengamanje, kodwa ucwaningo luyaqhubeka ukuthuthukisa amabhethri angcono, njengebhethri eliqinile kanye namabhethri okugeleza.
2. Igridi Ehlakaniphile
Igridi ehlakaniphile uhlelo lwenethiwekhi kagesi olusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bolwazi nokuxhumana ukuphatha ukugeleza kukagesi ngendlela ephumelelayo nephendulayo. Amagridi ahlakaniphile avumela ukuhlanganiswa okungcono kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo, ukuphathwa kwesidingo samandla, kanye nokutholakala okusheshayo kanye nokuphendula ekuphazamisekeni kwegridi.
Emazweni amaningi, ukusetshenziswa kwegridi ehlakaniphile sekuqalile ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokuthembeka kwezinhlelo zikagesi. E-Indonesia, ukuthuthukiswa kwegridi ehlakaniphile nakho kuyafundwa ukuze kuxazululwe izinselele zokusatshalaliswa kukagesi ezifundeni ezinkulu nezihlukahlukene.
3. Amandla e-Bio
I-Bioenergy ingamandla atholakala ezintweni eziphilayo, njenge-biomass, i-biogas, kanye ne-biofuels. Ukusebenzisa i-bioenergy kunganciphisa ukuthembela kumafutha emvelo futhi kusebenzise imfucuza yemvelo engasetshenziswa njalo.
E-Indonesia, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla emvelo, ikakhulukazi avela kumafutha esundu kanye nemfucuza yezolimo, sekuqala ukuthuthukiswa. Isibonelo, i-biogas ekhiqizwa yimfuyo kanye nemfucuza yezolimo ingasetshenziswa njengomthombo wamandla ohlukile ezindaweni zasemakhaya.
Isiphetho
Imizamo yokuhlangabezana nezidingo zamandla zesikhathi esizayo kumele igxile ekuhlukaniseni imithombo yamandla, ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe. Ukusebenzisa imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo njengelanga, umoya, kanye namandla kagesi, kanye nokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla kanye namagridi ahlakaniphile, kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukutholakala kwamandla okusimeme.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza kahle kwamandla emkhakheni wezimboni, ukuthuthukiswa kwezakhiwo eziluhlaza, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezimoto zikagesi nakho kudlala indima ebalulekile ekunciphiseni ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi. E-Indonesia, kuye kwaqalwa izinhlelo nezinhlelo ezahlukene zokusekela le mizamo, kodwa kusenezinselelo ekusebenziseni nasekusebenziseni ubuchwepheshe.
Ngokubambisana phakathi kukahulumeni, izimboni, kanye nomphakathi, singafinyelela ikusasa eliluhlaza nelizinzile, lapho izidingo zamandla zingahlangatshezwa khona ngaphandle kokulimaza imvelo kanye nokubeka engcupheni izizukulwane ezizayo.
