Ukushayisana phakathi kwezinto kubizwa ngokuthi ukushayisana okunwebeka ngokuphelele uma amandla omfutho kanye ne-kinetic ento ngayinye ngaphambi kokushayisana kufana namandla omfutho kanye ne-kinetic ento ngayinye ngemva kokushayisana. Ngamanye amazwi, ukushayisana okunwebeka ngokuphelele kusebenza. umthetho wokulondolozwa komfutho kanye nomthetho wokulondolozwa kwamandla e-kinetic. Ukusetshenziswa kwegama elithi elastic kubonisa ukuthi ngemva kokushayisana, izinto ezimbili azihlangani zibe yinto eyodwa noma zinamathelane kodwa ziyagxumagxuma.
Umfutho wento ngayinye ugciniwe:
Amandla e-kinetic ento ngayinye alondolozwe:
Ukungqubuzana okunwebeka ngokuphelele kumele kuthule futhi kungakhiqizi ukushisa ngenxa yokungqubuzana phakathi kwezinto ezishayisanayo. Uma ukungqubuzana phakathi kwezinto ezimbili kukhiqiza umsindo nokushisa, khona-ke amandla e-kinetic alezi zinto awagcinwa. Ngaphezu kokuguqulwa abe umsindo nokushisa, amanye amandla e-kinetic aguqulwa abe amandla angaphakathi. Isibonelo sokungqubuzana okunwebeka ngokuphelele ukungqubuzana phakathi kwezinhlayiya ze-athomu kanye ne-subatomic.
Enkingeni yokushayisana okunwebeka ngokuphelele, uma ijubane lokuqala laziwa kodwa ijubane lokugcina lingaziwa, inkinga ayinakuxazululwa kusetshenziswa izilinganiso 1.5 no-1.6 kuphela. Ngakho-ke, izilinganiso ezimbili ezingenhla ziyashintshwa futhi ukuze kutholakale esinye isibalo esingasetshenziswa ukunquma ijubane lokugcina.
Susa isici ½ bese uguqula isibalo 1.6.
Ukuphathwa kabi kwesibalo 1.5
Hlukanisa i-equation 1.7 nge-equation 1.8 ukuze uthole umphumela wokugcina.
Izibalo 1.5 no-1.9 zingasetshenziswa ukuxazulula izinkinga zokushayisana ezinwebeka ngokuphelele. Hlanganisa izilinganiso 1.5 no-1.9 ukuze uthole izilinganiso ezimbili zokunquma ijubane lokugcina lezinto ezimbili uma kuphela ubuningi bazo kanye nejubane lokuqala laziwa.
Uma uxazulula izinkinga usebenzisa i-equation engenhla, sebenzisa uphawu olufanele lwe-v.1 kanye no-v2Uma into 1 ithuthela kwesokudla khona-ke u-v1 uma into 2 ihambela kwesobunxele bese kuba u-v2 u-negative. Uma izinto ezimbili zihamba ngezindlela eziphambene kodwa isiqondiso sokunyakaza singachazwanga khona-ke u-v1 kanye no-v2 kumele inikezwe uphawu oluhlukile, isibonelo v1 okuhle kanye no-v2 okungekuhle.
1. Ubunzima bezinto zombili buyafana
Uma m1 = m2 bese kuba u-v1' = v2 kanye no-v2' = v1.
Kuthiwani uma izinto ezimbili zihamba ngezindlela eziphambene? Isibonelo, uma ngaphambi kokuba into yokushayisana 1 iye kwesokudla bese into 2 iye kwesobunxele, khona-ke ngemva kokushayisana 1 iye kwesobunxele (v1' = – v2) bese into 2 iqhubekela kwesokudla (v2' = v1).
Kuthiwani uma enye yezinto ingasasebenzi ekuqaleni? Isibonelo, uma ngaphambi kokushayisana, izinto ezimbili zingasasebenzi (v)2 = 0) bese kuthi ngemva kokushayisana into 1 isalokhu imile (v1' = 0) futhi into 2 ihamba ngesivinini esifanayo nesivinini sokuqala sento 1 (v2' = v1). Uma ngaphambi kokushayisana, into 1 iya kwesokudla, bese kuthi ngemva kokushayisana, into 2 iya kwesokudla. Ngakho izinto ezimbili ziyashintshana ngesivinini.
Isibonelo sezinkinga.
1. Izinto ezimbili u-A (2 kg) no-B (2 kg) zihamba ngezindlela eziphambene ngesivinini esingu-4 m/s kanye no-2 m/s ngokulandelana. Uma into u-A ishayisana nento u-B ngendlela ethambile ngokuphelele, iyini isivinini sokugcina sento u-A kanye nento u-B?
Ingxoxo
I-Diketahui :
mA = 2 kg, mB = 2kg
vA = 4 m/s, vB = -2 m/s
Kubuziwe :vA' kanye no-vB'
Jawab :
vA' = -2 m/s kanye no-vB' = 4 m/s
Ngemva kokushayisana, into A ihamba ngesivinini esingu-2 m/s kanti into B ihamba ngesivinini esingu-4 m/s, lapho indlela yokuhamba kwezinto ezimbili iphambene. Uma ngaphambi kokushayisana, into A iya kwesokudla bese into B iya ngakwesobunxele, bese kuthi ngemva kokushayisana, into A iya ngakwesobunxele bese into B iya kwesokudla.
2. Into A (2 kg) iya kwesokudla ngesivinini esingu-2 m/s bese ishayisana nento B (2 kg) engashintshi. Uma izinto ezimbili zishayisana ngokunwebeka, iyini ijubane lokugcina lento A kanye nento B?
Ingxoxo
I-Diketahui :
mA = 2 kg, mB = 2kg
vA = 2 m/s, vB = 0m/s
Kubuziwe :vA' kanye no-vB'
Jawab :
vA' = 0 kanye no-vB' = 2 m/s
Ngemva kokushayisana, into A ihlala inganyakazi bese into B iqhubekela kwesokudla ngesivinini esingu-2 m/s.
2. Ubuningi bezinto ezimbili buhlukile
Uma izinto ezimbili zinejubane lokuqala elihlukile kanye nobukhulu (umehluko mncane), khona-ke ijubane lokugcina liyaziwa kusetshenziswa izilinganiso 1.10 kanye no-1.11.
Uma into 2 ekuqaleni imile (v)2 = 0) bese kuba nesibalo esingu-1.10 esishintsha sibe yisibalo esingu-1.12 kanye nesibalo esingu-1.11 esishintsha sibe yisibalo esingu-1.13.
Uma v2 = 0, m1 mkhulu kakhulu, m2 kuncane kakhulu bese kuthi ngokuxazulula izibalo 1.12 no-1.13 sithole u-v1' = v1 kanye no-v2' = 2v1Uma v2 = 0, m1 encane kakhulu, m2 inkulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke ngokuxazulula izibalo 1.12 kanye no-1.13 sithola u-v1' = -v1 kanye no-v2' = 0. Izimpawu ezinhle nezimbi zibonisa izindlela eziphambene zokuhamba kwento.
Isibonelo sezinkinga.
1. Into enesisindo esingu-1 kg ehamba ngesivinini esingu-20 m/s ishaya udonga ngendlela enwebeka ngokuphelele. Iyini isivinini sokugcina sento nodonga?
Ingxoxo
I-Diketahui :
mA = 1 kg, vA = 20 m/s, mB = likhulu kakhulu futhi vB = 0
Kubuziwe :vA' kanye no-vB'
Jawab :
vA' = -20 m/s
vB' = 0
Ngemva kokushayisana, into A igxuma ngesivinini esingama-20 m/s bese into B ihlala ingashintshi. Uma ngaphambi kokushayisana into A ihambela ngakwesokudla, khona-ke ngemva kokushayisana into A ihambela kwesobunxele.
