Amathambo Akha Uhlaka: Isisekelo Somzimba Womuntu
Uhlaka lwamathambo womuntu luyisakhiwo esisekela umzimba, esakhiwe ngamathambo nezicubu ezixhumanisayo. Imisebenzi yalo eyinhloko ukunikeza umzimba ukuma, ukuvikela izitho ezibalulekile, nokusebenza nemisipha ukuze kuvunyelwe ukunyakaza. Uhlaka lwamathambo lomuntu omdala olujwayelekile luqukethe amathambo angu-206, ahlukaniswe ngezigaba eziningana ngokwesimo sawo nomsebenzi wawo. Lesi sihloko sizohlola ngokucophelela amathambo akha uhlaka lwamathambo lomuntu, indima yohlobo ngalunye, kanye nokubaluleka kwempilo yamathambo enhlalakahleni yomzimba iyonke.
1. Izigaba Zamathambo Ezisekelwe Ebunjweni
Amathambo asemathanjeni omuntu ngokuvamile ahlukaniswe ngezigaba ezine eziyinhloko ngokusekelwe esimweni sawo: amathambo amade, amathambo amafushane, amathambo ayisicaba, namathambo angajwayelekile.
a. Amathambo Amade
Amathambo amade, njengoba igama lawo lisho, ngokuvamile made kunalawo abanzi. Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko ukusebenza njengezibambo, okwenza kube lula ukunyakaza. Izibonelo zamathambo amade zifaka phakathi i-femur (ithambo lethanga), i-tibia (ithambo lesifuba), i-fibula, i-humerus (ithambo lengalo ephezulu), i-radius, kanye ne-ulna. Amathambo amade aqukethe i-diaphysis (umgodi oyinhloko wethambo), i-epiphyses (imikhawulo yethambo), kanye ne-medulla (umgodi oqukethe umongo wethambo).
b. Amathambo Amafushane
Amathambo amafushane cishe anobude nobubanzi obufanayo. Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko ukunikeza ukuzinza nokusekela ukunyakaza okulula. Ezinye izibonelo zamathambo amafushane amathambo esihlakaleni (ama-carpal) kanye namathambo aseqakaleni (ama-tarsal).
c. Amathambo Ayisicaba
Amathambo ayisicaba avame ukuba mancane futhi agobile, okunikeza isivikelo sezitho zangaphakathi kanye nezindawo zokunamathelana kwemisipha. Izibonelo zamathambo ayisicaba zifaka ugebhezi, i-scapula (amahlombe), i-sternum (ithambo lesifuba), kanye nezimbambo.
d. Amathambo Angajwayelekile
Amathambo angajwayelekile amathambo anezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezingenakubekwa kwelinye iqembu. Lawa mathambo ngokuvamile avikela izakhiwo zemizwa futhi ahlinzeka ngokusekelwa emzimbeni. Isibonelo, amathambo omgogodla (umgogodla) kanye namanye amathambo obuso awela kulesi sigaba.
2. Umsebenzi kanye Nendima Yamathambo Emzimbeni
Amathambo awasebenzi nje kuphela njengokusekela isakhiwo somzimba kodwa futhi adlala indima kweminye imisebenzi ebalulekile ebalulekile empilweni:
a. Ukuvikelwa Kwezitho Ezibalulekile
Izitho eziningi ezibalulekile emzimbeni zivikelwe amathambo aqinile. Isibonelo, ubuchopho buvikelwe ugebhezi, inhliziyo namaphaphu kusemgodini ovikelwe yizimbambo kanye ne-sternum, kuyilapho umgogodla uvikelwe yisakhiwo esingenalutho somgogodla.
b. Indawo Yokugcina Amaminerali
Amathambo asebenza njengezindawo zokugcina amaminerali afana ne-calcium ne-phosphorus, abalulekile emisebenzini eyahlukahlukene yomzimba. Uma kwenzeka ukuntuleka kwamaminerali, amathambo angakhipha la maminerali egazini ukuze alondoloze ibhalansi ye-electrolyte kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamaseli.
c. Ukukhiqizwa Kwamaseli Egazi
Ngaphakathi kwe-medullary cavity yethambo kukhona umongo obomvu wethambo, obangela ukukhiqizwa kwamaseli egazi, okuhlanganisa amaseli abomvu egazi, amaseli amhlophe egazi, nama-platelet. Le nqubo yaziwa ngokuthi i-hematopoiesis futhi ibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwezinhlelo zokujikeleza kwegazi kanye nezokuzivikela komzimba.
d. Inikeza ukwesekwa kanye nendawo yokunamathela kwemisipha
Imisipha inamathela emathanjeni ngemisipha, futhi ukusebenzisana phakathi kwalokhu okubili kuvumela ukunyakaza komzimba. Kalula nje, amathambo asebenza njengezibambo ezishukunyiswa ukufinyela kwemisipha.
3. Impilo Yamathambo Nomphumela Wayo Empilweni Enhle
Ukugcina impilo yamathambo kuyisici esibalulekile senhlalakahle iyonke. Amathambo aqinile naphilile abalulekile ekunciphiseni ingozi yokulimala, ikakhulukazi njengoba siguga lapho ingozi ye-osteoporosis kanye nokuqhekeka kwamathambo ikhula.
a. Ukudla Okunempilo Okufanelekile
Ukudla okunempilo kubalulekile ekuqiniseni amathambo. I-calcium ne-vitamin D yizinto ezibalulekile ekusekeleni impilo yamathambo. I-calcium iyadingeka ekwakheni nasekulondolozeni amathambo aqinile, kanti i-vitamin D ibalulekile ekumuncweni kwe-calcium emathunjini ngempumelelo.
b. Umsebenzi Womzimba
Ukuzilolonga ngokomzimba, ikakhulukazi ukuvivinya umzimba okuthwala izinsimbi njengokuhamba, ukugijima, noma ukuphakamisa izinsimbi, kusiza ekugcineni izicubu zamathambo kanye nobuningi bamaminerali. Kuphinde kuthuthukise ukujikeleza kwegazi futhi kunciphisa ingozi yesifo samathambo esiwohlokayo.
c. Ukugwema Imikhuba Eyingozi
Ukugwema imikhuba engemihle njengokubhema nokuphuza utshwala ngokweqile kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekugcineni impilo yamathambo. Le mikhuba ingenza amathambo abe buthaka futhi yandise ingozi ye-osteoporosis.
4. Izinkinga Zamathambo Nezifo
Impilo yamathambo ingathinteka yizifo nezifo ezahlukahlukene ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha:
a. I-Osteoporosis
I-Osteoporosis yisimo lapho amathambo eba buthakathaka futhi aqhekeke ngenxa yokuncipha kokuqina kwamathambo. Lokhu kwandisa ingozi yokuqhekeka kwamathambo, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane asebekhulile.
b. Isifo samathambo
I-arthritis ukuvuvukala kwamalunga okungathinta amathambo futhi kubangele ubuhlungu, ukuvuvukala, nokuqina. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-arthritis, okuhlanganisa i-osteoarthritis kanye ne-rheumatoid arthritis.
c. Ukuphazamiseka Kokukhula Kwamathambo
Izinkinga zokukhula kwamathambo, njengesifo sikaPaget noma i-fibrous dysplasia, zingaphazamisa ukukhula kwamathambo okuvamile futhi zibangele ukukhubazeka noma imisebenzi.
Isiphetho
Amathambo akha uhlaka lwamathambo awagcini nje ngokwakha isisekelo somzimba kodwa futhi adlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni izitho zomzimba, ekusekeleni ukunyakaza, nasekufezeni eminye imisebenzi ebalulekile yomzimba. Ukuze kugcinwe impilo yamathambo, kubalulekile ukuzijwayeza indlela yokuphila enempilo ngokudla okwanele, ukuvivinya umzimba njalo, nokugwema imikhuba engemihle. Ngokwenza kanjalo, asivikeli nje kuphela isakhiwo somzimba wethu kodwa futhi sithuthukisa ikhwalithi yethu yokuphila iyonke.
