Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza Ithelevishini Obunezikhono Ze-3D
Ithelevishini ye-3D yake yaba ngenye yezinto ezintsha ezijabulisa kakhulu embonini ye-elekthronikhi yabathengi. Umqondo wokubonisa izithombe ezazibonakala “ziphuma esikrinini” noma ezijulile emhlabeni wangempela washukumisela abakhiqizi be-TV ukuba bagijimele ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bephaneli, ukucubungula izithombe, ngisho namadivayisi asekelayo njengezibuko ezikhethekile. Nakuba ukuthandwa kwe-3D TV emakethe yasekhaya kuye kwehla, ubuchwepheshe obusemuva kwayo busabalulekile ukubuqonda, njengoba buyisisekelo sentuthuko eminingi yesimanje yokubuka—kusukela kuma-headset e-VR kuya kwamanye amasu okubonisa ajulile. Lesi sihloko sixoxa ngobuchwepheshe obusemuva kwamathelevishini e-3D, izimiso zawo zokusebenza, izingxenye ezibalulekile, kanye nezinselele abhekene nazo.
Izimiso Eziyisisekelo Zombono We-3D
Abantu babona ukujula ngoba amehlo amabili abona izithombe ngezindlela ezahlukene kancane. Lo mehluko omncane ubizwa ngokuthi i-steropsis. Ithelevishini ye-3D isebenzisa lesi simiso ngokubonisa izithombe ezimbili ezihlukene: esinye seso lesobunxele nesinye seso lesokudla. Ubuchopho bube sebuhlanganisa lezi ezimbili ukuze bakhe umbono wokujula.
Ukuze lokhu kukhohlisa kusebenze, i-TV kumele iqinisekise ukuthi iso ngalinye lithola isithombe esifanele ngaphandle “kokuvuza” okuningi kakhulu kwelinye iso. Lokhu kuvuza kwaziwa ngokuthi i-crosstalk noma i-ghosting futhi kungenye yezinkinga ezinkulu ngama-TV e-3D.
Izindlela Ezimbili Eziyinhloko: I-Active 3D kanye ne-Passive 3D
Emlandweni wama-TV e-3D asekhaya, kube nezindlela ezimbili ezivame kakhulu: i-3D esebenzayo (i-active shutter) kanye ne-3D engasebenzisi (ehlukaniswe nge-polarized). Zombili zihlose ukuhlukaniswa kwesithombe kwesobunxele kuya kwesokudla, kodwa zisebenzisa izindlela ezihlukile.
1) I-TV ye-3D esebenzayo (I-Active Shutter)
Kuhlelo olusebenzayo, ithelevishini ibonisa izithombe zesobunxele nesokudla ngokushintshana ngesivinini esiphezulu kakhulu (isb., i-120 Hz noma ngaphezulu). Umbukeli ugqoka izibuko ze-shutter ezisebenzayo ezinamalensi angamnyama futhi akhanye ngokuvumelanayo: lapho isithombe seso lesobunxele siboniswa, ilensi yesokudla iba mnyama, futhi okuphambene nalokho.
Izingxenye eziyinhloko zesistimu esebenzayo:
– Iphaneli enesilinganiso sokuvuselela esiphezulu (ngokuvamile esingu-120/240 Hz) ukuze izinguquko zohlaka zingabonakali zikhanya.
– Uhlelo lokuvumelanisa (i-infrared, i-Bluetooth, noma i-RF) phakathi kwe-TV nezibuko.
– Iprosesa yevidiyo ekwazi ukuphatha ukulandelana kwefreyimu nokugcina isikhathi esinembile.
Izinzuzo:
– Isixazululo ngeso ngalinye sivame ukuba phezulu ngoba iso ngalinye lingathola uhlaka oluphelele (kuye ngokuthi iphaneli nendlela yokucubungula).
– Umphumela wokujula ungabonakala unamandla uma izilungiselelo zilungile.
Ukushoda:
– Izibuko zibiza kakhulu, zidinga amabhethri, futhi zingaba nzima.
– Ingozi yokuphazima noma ukukhathala kwamehlo uma ukuvumelanisa kungazinzile.
– I-Crosstalk inganda uma impendulo yephaneli ihamba kancane.
2) I-TV ye-3D engasebenzi (Ene-Polarized)
Esimisweni esingasebenzi, ithelevishini ibonisa izithombe ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa, kodwa zihlukaniswe ngendlela ehlukile. Izibuko ezingasebenzi zinezingilazi ezihlukaniswe ngendlela yokuthi iso lesobunxele libone isithombe esisodwa kuphela, kanti iso lesokudla libone esinye.
Ama-TV amaningi e-3D asekelwe ku-LCD asebenzisa indlela ye-Film Patterned Retarder (FPR): ungqimba lwefilimu ehlukanisayo lusetshenziswa ebusweni bephaneli ukuze kukhiqizwe amaphethini ahlukene omugqa we-polarization emigqeni ye-odd kanye ne-even pixel. Ngenxa yalokho, iso elilodwa lithola umugqa owodwa, elinye iso lithola ohlukile.
Izinzuzo:
– Izingilazi ezilula, ezingabizi, ezingenabhethri.
– Ngokuvamile ikhululekile kakhulu ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside.
Ukushoda:
– Ekusetshenzisweni kwe-FPR, isinqumo esiqondile esisebenzayo ngeso ngalinye singancishiswa (isb. kusukela ku-1080p kuya kokulingana no-540p ngeso ngalinye) ngenxa yokuhlukana kwemigqa.
– Ubukhali kanye nemininingwane kungase kwehle, ikakhulukazi uma ubuka ibanga elide.
Ubuchwepheshe bephaneli: i-LCD/LED vs i-Plasma vs i-OLED
Impumelelo ye-3D TV ithonywa kakhulu izici zephaneli, ikakhulukazi impendulo yamaphikseli kanye nekhono lokubonisa ozimele abasheshayo.
I-LCD / i-LED
I-LCD (enokukhanya kwangemuva kwe-LED) ibusa imakethe ye-TV. Ku-3D esebenzayo, i-LCD idinga:
– Isikhathi sokuphendula esisheshayo ukuze izinguquko zesithombe zingashiyi iminonjana (ukufiphala kokunyakaza) okwenza kube kubi kakhulu ukukhuluma.
– Ukuskena isibani sangemuva noma isibani sangemuva esinama-strobed ukwandisa ubukhali bokunyakaza nokunciphisa ukuvuza phakathi kwezinhlaka.
Ku-3D engasebenzi, ama-LCD afaneleka kakhulu ngoba ukusetshenziswa kwamafilimu ahlukanisayo kulula kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ikhwalithi ye-3D incike ekuqondeni kahle kwefilimu ye-RPF kanye nokufana kwephaneli.
I-Plasma
I-Plasma yayidume ngokuphendula kwayo okusheshayo kanye nokunyakaza kwayo okubushelelezi kwe-3D esebenzayo. Kodwa-ke, lobu buchwepheshe babudinga amandla amaningi, futhi abakhiqizi abaningi bagcina bebuyeke.
OLED
Ama-OLED anempendulo esheshayo kakhulu yamaphikseli, ukugqama okuphezulu, futhi akukho ukukhanya kwangemuva okudingekayo. Ngokwethiyori, lokhu kuhle kakhulu kwi-3D esebenzayo ngoba kunciphisa ukukhuluma okuxubile. Kodwa-ke, ama-TV e-3D OLED asekhaya awasakazeki njengoba izitayela zemakethe zishintshela ku-4K, HDR, kanye nezinsizakalo zokusakaza, kune-3D.
Inqubo Yokukhiqiza Nokucubungula Okuqukethwe Ku-TV
Ukuze i-3D TV isebenze, okuqukethwe kwe-3D kumele kuhlinzekwe ngefomethi efanele. Amanye amafomethi avamile afaka:
– Ukupakisha Uhlaka: ozimele ababili (kwesobunxele nakwesokudla) bagcwele ngokuphelele, ngokuvamile basetshenziswa ku-Blu-ray 3D.
– Eceleni (SBS): izithombe zesobunxele nesokudla zihlelwe eceleni kohlaka olulodwa (ngasinye sicindezelwe ukuxazulula kwaso).
– Phezulu naPhansi (I-TAB): izithombe zibekwe phezulu naphansi.
Amathelevishini e-3D aneprosesa yevidiyo ethi:
1. Thola ifomethi yokuqukethwe.
2. Hlukanisa noma uhlaziye idatha ibe yimibono yesobunxele nesokudla.
3. Vumelanisa okukhiphayo nohlelo lwe-3D (olusebenzayo noma olungasebenzi).
4. Yenza ukuhunyushwa kokunyakaza, ukukala, nokulungisa imibala—ngokuvamile okudinga ukulungiswa ukuze isithombe sigcine sikhanya ngoba uhlelo lwe-3D (ikakhulukazi izibuko) lunciphisa ukukhanya.
Izinselele Zobunjiniyela Ekukhiqizweni Kwe-TV Ye-3D
Ukudala i-TV ye-3D akukhona nje ukwengeza "imodi ye-3D." Kunezinselele ezinkulu ezithinta izindleko zokukhiqiza kanye nolwazi lomsebenzisi:
1. Ukukhanya kwehla
Izibuko ze-3D—ezisebenzayo nezingasebenzi—zinciphisa inani lokukhanya okufinyelela emehlweni. Ngenxa yalokho, ama-TV kumele akwazi ukukhiqiza ukukhanya okuphezulu noma ukwenza ngcono ukukhanya kwangemuva ukuze agcine isithombe sikhanya.
2. Ukuxoxa/Ukwenza Izipoki
Uma ukuhlukaniswa kwesithombe kwesobunxele kuya kwesokudla kungaphelele, kuvela izithunzi ezimbili. Lokhu kungabangelwa ukusabela kwephaneli okuhamba kancane, ukuvumelanisa okungaqondile, noma ikhwalithi yesihlungi se-polarizing engaphansi kwefanele.
3. Induduzo yamehlo kanye nempilo
Umehluko ekugxileni (iso eligxile esikrinini se-2D) kanye nokuhlangana (ubuchopho "obuqondisa" iso ukuthi libone ukujula) kungabangela ukukhathala. Abakhiqizi bakha izilungiselelo zokulawula ukujula kanye nezincomo zebanga lokubuka.
4. Izindinganiso kanye nokuhambisana
Ukuhlukahluka kwamafomethi e-3D kudinga ukuguquguquka kumadivayisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izibuko ezisebenzayo zivame ukungahambelani kuwo wonke amabhrendi ngenxa yezinqubo zokuvumelanisa ezihlukile.
5. Izindleko zokukhiqiza
Amaphaneli avuselela kakhulu, amafilimu ahlukanisayo ngokunemba, kanye namaprosesa evidiyo anamandla kakhulu kwandisa izindleko zokukhiqiza. Njengoba isidingo semakethe sincipha, ukukhiqizwa kwehla, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukunciphisa izindleko.
Inqubo Yokukhiqiza: Kusukela Kuphaneli kuya Ekulinganisweni kwe-3D
Ngamafuphi, ukudala i-3D TV kuhilela izinyathelo ezibalulekile ezilandelayo:
1. Umklamo wephaneli nomshayeli
Onjiniyela bacacisa izinga lokuvuselela, isikhathi sokuphendula, kanye nesifunda somshayeli ukulawula amaphikseli kanye nesikhathi sohlaka. Uma i-3D ivuliwe, isidingo sezinga lokuvuselela sibalulekile.
2. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezendlalelo ezibonakalayo
Ku-FP ye-3D engasebenzisi i-pattern, ifilimu ye-polarizing enephethini isetshenziswa ngokunemba okuphezulu ukuze kuhambisane imigqa ye-polarizing nemigqa yamaphikseli. Iphutha elincane lingonakalisa ikhwalithi ye-3D.
3. Ukuphathwa kokukhanya kwangemuva nokukhanya
Ku-LED-LCD, uhlelo lokukhanyisa ngemuva luhlelelwe (isb., ukukhanya okuqondile kwendawo noma ukukhanya kwangemuva kokuskena) ukuze kulinganiswe ukukhanya, ukugqama, kanye nokubukhali kokunyakaza.
4. I-firmware yokucubungula i-3D
Kuye kwathuthukiswa futhi kwahlolwa ama-algorithm okuhlukaniswa kohlaka, ukuvumelanisa, ukulungiswa kwe-gamma, kanye nokunciphisa i-crosstalk. Abanye abakhiqizi basebenzisa isinxephezelo ngohlaka "olulwa nokugqwala" ukuze banciphise ukuvuza kokukhanya.
5. Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi
Ifektri yenza ukuhlolwa:
- izinga lokuxoxa ngokuphambana,
– ukufana kwe-polarization (ukungasebenzi),
– ukuvumelanisa ukubambezeleka (kuyasebenza),
– umbala kanye nokuvumelana kokukhanya phakathi kwezindlela ze-2D kanye ne-3D.
Kungani Ama-TV e-3D Eshabalala Emakethe?
Nakuba ubuchwepheshe bujabulisa, kunezici eziningana ezibangele ukwehla kokuthandwa kwe-3D TV:
– Okuqukethwe kwe-3D kulinganiselwe futhi akuguquguquki ngekhwalithi.
– Abasebenzisi kufanele bagqoke izibuko, okubhekwa njengokungenakwenzeka.
– Umkhuba wemboni usushintshela ekuthuthukisweni “okuzwakala ngokushesha” njenge-4K, i-HDR, kanye nezikrini ezinkulu.
– Abathengi abaningi banomuzwa wokuthi i-3D ifaneleka kangcono ebhayisikobho kunegumbi lokuphumula.
I-Penutup
Ubuchwepheshe obusemuva komabonakude be-3D buyinhlanganisela eyinkimbinkimbi yama-optics, ama-panel electronics, kanye nokucutshungulwa kwamavidiyo. Izinhlelo ze-3D ezisebenzayo zithembele emazingeni aphezulu okuvuselela kanye nokuvumelanisa izibuko, kuyilapho i-3D engasebenzisi i-passive ithembele ekuhlanganiseni i-polarization kanye ne-optical coating njenge-FPR. Zombili zibhekene nezinselele ezifana nokuwohloka kokukhanya, ukukhuluma nge-crosstalk, kanye nenduduzo yamehlo. Nakuba ama-TV e-3D engasaseyona into evelele emakethe yesimanje, ucwaningo kanye nentuthuko eyenzeka ngesikhathi se-3D ithuthukise ubuchwepheshe bokubonisa futhi yabeka isisekelo sezinto ezintsha ezibonakalayo eziqhubeka nokuchuma namuhla.
Uma ufisa, ngingalungisa lesi sihloko sibe amagama ayi-1000 ngqo (njengoba inani lamagama lingahluka kancane kuye ngokuthi libalwa kanjani), noma ngandise isigaba "senqubo yokukhiqiza" ngemininingwane yobuchwepheshe eyengeziwe njengemidwebo yokugeleza kokukhiqiza kanye nezingxenye ezibalulekile (i-T-Con, i-driver IC, uhlelo lokukhanyisa emuva, kanye nepayipi lokucubungula ividiyo).
