Ukwenza iThelevishini Ngobuchwepheshe Bokulwa Nokushisa
Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe besikrini sethelevishini eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule kube ngokushesha okukhulu. Nakuba amathelevishini ayekade ehlotshaniswa namashubhu amakhulu nasindayo e-CRT, manje imakethe ibuswa amaphaneli ayisicaba njenge-LCD, i-LED, i-QLED, ne-OLED. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kwalokhu kuthuthuka, inselele yakudala isasebenza futhi, ikakhulukazi ngamaphaneli esimanje, anombala ophezulu njenge-OLED: ukusha. Ukusha kuyinto yesithombe "esimnyama" esihlala esikrinini ngemva kokuba isici esibonakalayo esingaguquki siboniswe isikhathi eside kakhulu, njengelogo yesiteshi se-TV, i-HUD yomdlalo, noma ibha yemenyu yohlelo lokusebenza. Ngakho-ke, ukukhiqizwa kwamathelevishini esimanje—ikakhulukazi lawo asebenzisa amaphaneli e-OLED—manje kugcizelela ubuchwepheshe bokusha njengesici esiyimpoqo sokwandisa ukuqina kanye nenduduzo yomsebenzisi.
Ukuqonda Ukushiswa Yisizungu Nezimbangela Zaso
Ukuze siqonde ubuchwepheshe bokulwa nokusha, sidinga ukuqonda umsuka wenkinga. Kuphaneli ye-OLED (i-Organic Light Emitting Diode), iphikseli ngayinye ikhipha ukukhanya kwayo. Lawa maphikseli akhiwe ngama-subpixel abomvu, aluhlaza okotshani, naluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngalinye lawo linezici zokuguga ezahlukene. Lapho indawo yesikrini ibonisa isithombe esikhanyayo noma esingaguquki kaningi, ama-subpixel kuleyo ndawo asebenza kanzima futhi aguga ngokushesha. Ngenxa yalokho, umehluko emazingeni okukhanya uyenzeka phakathi kwezindawo zesikrini—kanye nesithombe esibonakala sihlala njalo “esilandelwayo.”
Ngokungafani nokushiswa ngaphakathi, kukhona negama elithi ukugcinwa kwesithombe, okungokwesikhashana. Ukugcinwa ngokuvamile kuyanyamalala ngemva kwesikhathi esifushane noma ngemva kokuba isikrini sibonise okuqukethwe okuhambayo. Ukushiswa ngaphakathi kuvame ukuqhubeka ngoba kuhlobene nokuguguleka kwangempela kwezinto ezidlulisela ukukhanya.
Ama-LCD/LED ngokuvamile amelana kakhulu nokushiswa, yize lokho akusho ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuwabona. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi i-OLED ihamba phambili ngokuphambene futhi imnyama kakhulu, lobu buchwepheshe buthandwa kakhulu, futhi ukuvimbela ukushiswa sekuyingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo yokukhiqiza i-TV.
Izigaba Zokukhiqiza Ithelevishini: Kusukela Kuphaneli Kuya Ezicini Zokulwa Nokushiswa
Ukwakha ithelevishini yesimanje akukhona nje ukuhlanganisa amaphaneli nokuhlanganisa ozimele. Abakhiqizi kumele baklame uhlelo lwehadiwe nesofthiwe olusebenzisanayo. Ngobuchwepheshe bokulwa nokushiswa, le ndlela ivame ukuhlanganisa izinsika ezine: ukukhethwa kwezinto zephaneli, ukuphathwa kwamandla nokukhanya, ama-algorithms okuvikela izithombe, kanye nokulinganiswa nokuhlolwa kwefektri.
1) Ukukhethwa Kwamaphaneli Nezinto Eziqinile Kakhulu
Isinyathelo sokuqala ukunquma uhlobo lwephaneli ngokwesigaba somkhiqizo: i-OLED, i-QD-OLED, noma i-OLED ngobuchwepheshe obukhethekile njenge-MLA (Micro Lens Array) kwamanye amamodeli aphezulu. Abakhiqizi bamaphaneli baqhubeka nokuthuthukisa izinto eziphilayo ezizinzile nezisebenza kahle ukuvimbela ukusebenza kwe-subpixel ukuthi kunciphe ngokushesha. Ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kubalulekile: uma amaphikseli ekhiqiza ukukhanya kahle, kudingeka ugesi omncane ukuze kufinyelelwe izinga lokukhanya elinikeziwe, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe izinga lokuguga.
Kulesi sigaba, abakhiqizi baphinde bacabangele ukuklama kwe-subpixel kanye nezinhlelo zokushayela ukuze banciphise ukugcwala ngokweqile ezindaweni ezithile. Imiklamo engcono yamaphaneli ingadala ukusatshalaliswa okulinganiselayo komthwalo womsebenzi we-subpixel.
2) Umklamo Wesekethe Yedrayivu Nokuphathwa Kokushisa
Ukushiswa ngaphakathi akuthinteki nje kuphela ngesikhathi sokubuka okuqukethwe okungashintshi, kodwa futhi nasezingeni lokushisa. Uma iphaneli ishisa kakhulu, izinto eziphilayo ziyonakala ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, ukuklama ithelevishini engashi kudinga ukunakwa ngokucophelela ekuphathweni kokushisa: ukukhethwa kwe-heatsink, ukwakheka kwe-backplate, ukwakheka kwezingxenye, kanye nokuphathwa kwamandla.
Isekethe yomshayeli wephikseli (i-IC) nayo iklanyelwe ukulawula ngokunembile amandla kagesi. Ngokulawula okunembile, i-TV inganciphisa ukukhanya kwendawo noma okuphelele ngaphansi kwezimo ezinobungozi obukhulu ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ikhwalithi yesithombe.
3) I-Algorithm Esekelwe Kusofthiwe Elwa Nokusha
Lena yingxenye evame "ukubonwa" abasebenzisi, noma isebenza buthule. Kumabonakude anamuhla, i-anti-burn-in ngokuvamile ayincikile endleleni eyodwa, kodwa incike ekuhlanganisweni kwamasu alandelayo:
a. Ushintsho lwe-Pixel
Ama-TV ashintsha ngobuqili indawo yesithombe ngamaphikseli ambalwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto ezingaguquki (ama-logo, umbhalo, kanye ne-UI) azihlali "zithinta" amaphikseli afanayo. Lokhu kushintsha ngokuvamile akubonakali kumbukeli, kodwa kunciphisa ngempumelelo ingozi yokuguguleka kwendawo.
b. Ukutholwa Kwelogo Nokufiphalisa Izinto Ezingashintshi
I-TV ithola izindawo ezithambekele ekungaguquki, njengezimpawu zokusakaza noma izakhi zesixhumi esibonakalayo. Uma itholwa, uhlelo lunciphisa kancane kancane ukukhanya kwalezo zindawo. Le ndlela isiza ukunciphisa ukuqina kwe-subpixel ezindaweni ezisengozini ngaphandle kokushintsha kakhulu isithombe sonke.
c. I-ABL (Umkhawulo Wokukhanya Okuzenzakalelayo)
I-ABL ikhawulela ukukhanya okuphezulu lapho isikrini sibonisa izindawo ezinkulu ezikhanyayo. Kuma-OLED, ukuvula isikrini sonke ekukhanyeni okuphezulu kudinga amandla amaningi futhi kwandisa ukushisa. Nge-ABL, i-TV igcina izimo zokusebenza eziphephile futhi yehlisa ukuguga kwephaneli. Nakuba abanye abasebenzisi bethola ukuthi i-ABL yehlisa "ukuqhuma" kokukhanya kwezinye izigcawu, lesi sici sidlala indima ebalulekile ekuphileni isikhathi eside.
d. I-ASBL/TPC (Umkhawulo Wokukhanya Okungaguquki Okuzenzakalelayo / Ukulawula Okuphakeme Kwesikhashana)
Uma i-TV ibona isithombe esingaguquki isikhathi esithile, uhlelo lunganciphisa ukukhanya komhlaba wonke ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokusha. Kwamanye amamodeli, lesi sici singaba nolaka, isibonelo uma ubuka okuqukethwe okunezigcawu eziningi ezimnyama kanye nokunyakaza okuncane. Ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi bavame ukubeka umkhawulo wokuthola ukuze balinganisele ukuvikelwa kanye nenduduzo.
e. Isivikeli Sesikrini kanye Nokuma Okuzenzakalelayo
Kumasistimu okusebenza e-TV (i-Android TV/i-Google TV, i-Tizen, i-webOS, njll.), i-screensaver iyasiza lapho abasebenzisi beshiya i-TV kumenyu yohlelo lokusebenza isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ukulinda okuzenzakalelayo kuvimbela isikrini ukuthi sihlale sivuliwe amahora amaningi ngaphandle kokuqaphela.
4) Ukuvuselela i-Pixel kanye nokulinganisa okufanayo
Obunye bobuchwepheshe obubaluleke kakhulu ekulweni nokushiswa yi-pixel refresher, noma i-compension. Umqondo uwukuthi i-TV ifunda futhi ilungise ukuze ilinganise amazinga okukhanya kwama-pixel aqala ukuguga. Ngokuvamile kunezinhlobo ezimbili:
– Isinxephezelo esifushane esisebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ngemva kokuba i-TV isetshenziswe amahora ambalwa bese icishiwe.
- Isinxephezelo sokuvuselela isikhathi eside/esijulile esingasetshenziswa ngemuva kokusetshenziswa okuphelele noma ngomyalo womsebenzisi.
Ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza, abakhiqizi kumele balungiselele amathebula e-firmware kanye nesinxephezelo (amathebula okubheka) ahambisana nezici zephaneli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isigaba sokulinganisa ifektri sihlola ukufana ukuze kuvinjelwe umehluko omncane phakathi kwezindawo ukuthi zingathuthuki zibe yizinkinga ezinkulu zokubona ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukuhlolwa Kokuqina: Ukulingisa Okuqukethwe Okungaguquki Nokuhlolwa Kokucindezeleka
Amathelevishini athi ayakwazi ukumelana nokusha awanciki kuphela ezicini ezingenhla; kudingeka ukuhlolwa. Abakhiqizi bavame ukwenza okulandelayo:
1. Ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka okuqukethwe okungaguquki: ilogo, ithikha yezindaba, i-UI yomdlalo, kanye namaphethini ombala.
2. Umjikelezo wokukhanya okuphezulu: I-HDR enezindawo ezinkulu ezikhanyayo ukuhlola i-ABL kanye nokushisa.
3. Ukuhlolwa kwemvelo: amazinga okushisa ahlukene egumbi, umswakama, kanye nesikhathi eside sokusebenza.
4. Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-algorithm: ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukutholwa kwelogo akuboni izinto ezibalulekile ngephutha efilimini, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukunciphisa ukukhanya akuphazamisi isipiliyoni sokubuka.
Idatha evela kulezi zivivinyo isetshenziselwa ukulungisa i-firmware, ukuthuthukisa ijika lokukhanya, nokunquma izilungiselelo ezizenzakalelayo eziphephile kubasebenzisi abaningi.
Ukuhlanganiswa Komkhiqizo: Ukulinganisela Ikhwalithi Yesithombe Nokuvikelwa
Inselele enkulu ekudaleni ithelevishini engashi iwukulinganisela izinto ezimbili: ikhwalithi yesithombe kanye nesikhathi sokuphila kwephaneli. Uma ukuvikelwa kunamandla kakhulu, isithombe sizobonakala sifiphele noma siphambene. Uma ukuvikelwa kukhululekile kakhulu, ingozi yokushiswa iyanda. Yingakho uhlobo ngalunye lunokunambitheka okuhlukile: abanye babeka phambili ukukhanya futhi bathembele ekubuyiselweni okuhlakaniphile, kanti abanye balondoloza kakhulu ekukhawuleni ukukhanya kwezinto ezingashintshi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhombikubona somsebenzisi (i-UI) siyathinteka. Abakhiqizi abaningi manje baklama ama-UI anezinto ezibonakala kancane, izithombe ezihambayo, kanye namamodi amnyama ukuze banciphise umthwalo wamaphikseli ezindaweni ezithile.
Izincomo Eziwusizo Zokusekela Ukulwa Nokusha
Ngisho noma ama-TV ehlonyiswe ngobuchwepheshe bokulwa nokusha, imikhuba efanele yokusebenzisa isabalulekile. Ezinye izinyathelo ezilula ezinconywayo ngokuvamile (ngaphandle kokulahla induduzo enkulu) yilezi:
– Gwema ukubonisa amamenyu angashintshi amahora amaningi, njengamavidiyo amiswe okwesikhashana noma isikrini somdlalo onganyakazi.
- Nika amandla isilondolozi sesikrini esakhelwe ngaphakathi kanye nezici zokuvikela isikrini.
– Sebenzisa izinga lokukhanya elifanele ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke; gcina imodi ekhanyayo kakhulu ezimweni ezikhethekile.
– Vumela i-pixel refresher isebenze ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho i-TV icela/isebenza ngemva kokucinywa.
I-Penutup
Ukudalwa kwamathelevishini anobuchwepheshe obungashisi kuwumphumela wokuhlanganiswa kwentuthuko ezintweni zephaneli, ukwakheka kwesekethe nokushisa, ama-algorithm okucubungula izithombe, kanye nokulinganiswa okuqinile kwefektri nokuhlolwa. Esikhathini sama-TV ahlakaniphile anokuqukethwe okuningi okungaguquki—ama-logo okusakaza, izixhumi zokusakaza, ngisho nama-HUD emidlalo—izici ezingashisi aziseyona nje into eyengeziwe, kodwa ziyingxenye ebalulekile yokugcina ikhwalithi yesithombe enhle kakhulu esikhathini eside. Ngokuhlanganiswa okufanele kwehadiwe kanye nokuvikelwa kwesofthiwe, amathelevishini anamuhla angaletha ubuhle bokubona njengokungafani okuphezulu nombala ocebile ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukuqina kwephaneli.
